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de Andrade Bezerra G, Arriel Elias MT, Costa NB, de Filippi MCC. The role of Phanerochaete australis in enhancing defense activity against Magnaporthe oryzae in upland rice. Mycologia 2024; 116:558-576. [PMID: 38819956 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2345029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The inclusion of biological control in the integrated management of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae [Mo]) reduces pesticide application. Phanerochaete australis (Pha) has been shown to be a potential inducer of resistance to rice blast. Pha was isolated saprophytically from the rice phylloplane and studied for its interaction with Mo in the defense process of upland rice plants against the pathogen attack. Investigating the Pha × Mo interaction in a completely randomized design, the suppression of leaf blast and the epidemiological components of disease development were quantified in vivo, whereas the physiological and biochemical aspects, as defense enzymes and oxidative complex components, were evaluated in vitro during the induction of resistance. In the Pha × Mo interaction, it was found that seed treatment can significantly reduce disease severity by up to 93%, increase the photosynthetic apparatus, mobilize photoassimilates to the defense system, intensify defense enzyme and oxidant complex activities (chitinase [CHI], β-1,3-glucanase [GLU], lipoxygenase [LOX], phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL], poliphenoloxidase [PPO], peroxidase [POX], catalase [CAT], cuperoxide dismutase [SOD]), decrease phenolic compounds (TPCs), and increase photosynthetic pigment levels compared with the negative control (Mo). When treating the seed, we are referring to an induction process where there is no physical contact between the pathogens. The enzymes produced by the interaction between the microorganisms validate this process; thus, Pha acts as an inducer of resistance to upland rice plants challenged with Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690900, Brazil
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás 75375000, Brazil
| | | | - Niedja Bezerra Costa
- Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Laboratory (LCAB), State University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão 65081400, Brazil
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Yang N, Zhang W, Wang D, Cao D, Cao Y, He W, Lin Z, Chen X, Ye G, Chen Z, Chen J, Wei X. A novel endophytic fungus strain of Cladosporium: its identification, genomic analysis, and effects on plant growth. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287582. [PMID: 38075866 PMCID: PMC10706132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endophytic microorganisms are bacteria or fungi that inhabit plant internal tissues contributing to various biological processes of plants. Some endophytic microbes can promote plant growth, which are known as plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs). There has been an increasing interest in isolation and identification of PGPEs for sustainable production of crops. This study was undertaken to isolate PGPEs from roots of a halophytic species Sesuvium portulacastrum L. and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the plant growth promoting effect. METHODS Surface-disinfected seeds of S. portulacastrum were germinated on an in vitro culture medium, and roots of some germinated seedlings were contaminated by bacteria and fungi. From the contamination, an endophytic fungus called BF-F (a fungal strain isolated from bacterial and fungal contamination) was isolated and identified. The genome of BF-F strain was sequenced, its genome structure and function were analyzed using various bioinformatics software. Additionally, the effect of BF-F on plant growth promotion were investigated by gene cluster analyses. RESULTS Based on the sequence homology (99%) and phylogenetic analysis, BF-F is likely a new Cladosporium angulosum strain or possibly a new Cladosporium species that is most homologous to C. angulosum. The BF-F significantly promoted the growth of dicot S. portulacastrum and Arabidopsis as well as monocot rice. Whole genome analysis revealed that the BF-F genome has 29,444,740 bp in size with 6,426 annotated genes, including gene clusters associated with the tryptophan synthesis and metabolism pathway, sterol synthesis pathway, and nitrogen metabolism pathway. BF-F produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and also induced the expression of plant N uptake related genes. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that BF-F is a novel strain of Cladosporium and has potential to be a microbial fertilizer for sustainable production of crop plants. The resulting genomic information will facilitate further investigation of its genetic evolution and its function, particularly mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dingding Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanyu Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weihong He
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ziting Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guiping Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Doni F, Suhaimi NSM, Mispan MS, Fathurrahman F, Marzuki BM, Kusmoro J, Uphoff N. Microbial Contributions for Rice Production: From Conventional Crop Management to the Use of 'Omics' Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:737. [PMID: 35054923 PMCID: PMC8775878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, the main staple food for about half of the world's population, has had the growth of its production stagnate in the last two decades. One of the ways to further improve rice production is to enhance the associations between rice plants and the microbiome that exists around, on, and inside the plant. This article reviews recent developments in understanding how microorganisms exert positive influences on plant growth, production, and health, focusing particularly on rice. A variety of microbial species and taxa reside in the rhizosphere and the phyllosphere of plants and also have multiple roles as symbiotic endophytes while living within plant tissues and even cells. They alter the morphology of host plants, enhance their growth, health, and yield, and reduce their vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. The findings of both agronomic and molecular analysis show ways in which microorganisms regulate the growth, physiological traits, and molecular signaling within rice plants. However, many significant scientific questions remain to be resolved. Advancements in high-throughput multi-omics technologies can be used to elucidate mechanisms involved in microbial-rice plant associations. Prospectively, the use of microbial inoculants and associated approaches offers some new, cost-effective, and more eco-friendly practices for increasing rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febri Doni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (B.M.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Nurul Shamsinah Mohd Suhaimi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.)
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - F Fathurrahman
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia;
| | - Betty Mayawatie Marzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (B.M.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Joko Kusmoro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (B.M.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Norman Uphoff
- SRI International Network and Resources Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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Feng Y, Liu W, Li M, Ouyang Y, Yuan T. Cladosporitides A–C, three polyketides from an endophytic fungi Cladosporium tenuissimum. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tian D, Chen Z, Lin Y, Liang T, Chen Z, Guo X, Wang F, Wang Z. The Interaction between Rice Genotype and Magnaporthe oryzae Regulates the Assembly of Rice Root-Associated Microbiota. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:40. [PMID: 33974154 PMCID: PMC8113375 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilizating the plant microbiome to enhance pathogen resistance in crop production is an emerging alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. However, the diversity and structure of the microbiota, and the assembly mechanisms of root-associated microbial communities of plants are still poorly understood. RESULTS We invstigated the microbiota of the root endosphere and rhizosphere soils of the rice cultivar Nipponbare (NPB) and its Piz-t-transgenic line (NPB-Piz-t) when infected with the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) isolate KJ201, using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicon sequencing. The rhizosphere soils showed higher bacterial and fungal richness and diversity than the endosphere except for fungal richness in the rhizosphere soils of the mock treatment. Bacteria richness and diversity increased in the endospheric communities of NPB and Piz-t under inoculation with KJ201 (referred to as 'NPB-KJ201' and 'Piz-t-KJ201', respectively) compared with the corresponding mock treatments, with the NPB-KJ201 showing the highest diversity in the four bacterial endocompartments. In contrast, fungal richness and diversity decreased in the endospheric communities of NPB-KJ201 and Piz-t-KJ201, relative to the corresponding mock treatments, with NPB-KJ201 and Piz-t-KJ201 having the lowest richness and diversity, respectively, across the four fungal endocompartments. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the microbiota of Piz-t-KJ201 of root endophytes were mostly remarkablely distinct from that of NPB-KJ201. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the phyla Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the key contributors to the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative metabolic analysis showed that the contents of tryptophan metabolism and indole alkaloid biosynthesis were significantly lower in the Piz-t-KJ201 plants. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we compared the diversity, composition, and assembly of microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere soils and endosphere of Piz-t-KJ201 and NPB-KJ201. On the basis of the different compositions, diversities, and assemblies of the microbial communities among different compartments, we propose that the host genotype and inoculation pattern of M. oryzae played dominant roles in determining the microbial community assemblage. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that some metabolites may influence changes in bacterial communities. This study improves our understanding of the complex interactions between rice and M. oryzae, which could be useful in developing new strategies to improve rice resistance through the manipulation of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China.
| | - Zaijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Tingmin Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xinrui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Fort T, Pauvert C, Zanne AE, Ovaskainen O, Caignard T, Barret M, Compant S, Hampe A, Delzon S, Vacher C. Maternal effects shape the seed mycobiome in Quercus petraea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1594-1608. [PMID: 33341934 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tree seed mycobiome has received little attention despite its potential role in forest regeneration and health. The aim of the present study was to analyze the processes shaping the composition of seed fungal communities in natural forests as seeds transition from the mother plant to the ground for establishment. We used metabarcoding approaches and confocal microscopy to analyze the fungal communities of seeds collected in the canopy and on the ground in four natural populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Ecological processes shaping the seed mycobiome were inferred using joint species distribution models. Fungi were present in seed internal tissues, including the embryo. The seed mycobiome differed among oak populations and trees within the same population. Its composition was largely influenced by the mother, with weak significant environmental influences. The models also revealed several probable interactions among fungal pathogens and mycoparasites. Our results demonstrate that maternal effects, environmental filtering and biotic interactions all shape the seed mycobiome of sessile oak. They provide a starting point for future research aimed at understanding how maternal genes and environments interact to control the vertical transmission of fungal species that could then influence seed dispersal and germination, and seedling recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fort
- INRAE, BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 800 22nd St., Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | | | - Matthieu Barret
- INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Institut Agro, Univ. Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Arndt Hampe
- INRAE, BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
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Xu L, Nicolaisen M, Larsen J, Zeng R, Gao S, Dai F. Pathogen Infection and Host-Resistance Interactively Affect Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Watermelon. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:605622. [PMID: 33424807 PMCID: PMC7793699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.605622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of pathogen infection, host plant resistance, and fungal communities are poorly understood. Although the use of resistant watermelon cultivars is an effective control measure of watermelon wilt disease, fungal communities may also have significant effects on the development of the soil-borne pathogen complexes. We characterized the root and rhizosphere fungal communities associated with healthy and diseased watermelons of three different cultivars with different susceptibilities toward wilt disease by paired-end Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Thirty watermelon plants including highly wilt-resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible cultivars were collected from a greenhouse, half of which showing clear wilt symptoms and the other half with no symptoms. Patterns of watermelon wilt disease and the response of the fungal communities varied among the three cultivars. The amount of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was higher in diseased root and rhizosphere samples, particularly in the susceptible cultivar, and was significantly positively correlated with the disease index of Fusarium wilt. Plant health had significant effects on root-associated fungal communities, whereas only the highly resistant cultivar had significant effects only on the rhizosphere fungal communities. Co-occurrence networks revealed a higher complexity of fungal communities in the symptom-free roots compared to diseased roots. In addition, networks from roots of the highly resistant plants showing symptoms had a higher complexity compared to the susceptible cultivars. Keystone species were identified for the plants with different symptom severity and the different cultivars in the root and rhizosphere, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Monosporascus cannonballus, and Mortierella alpina. Overall, the most important factor determining fungal communities in the roots was plant symptom severity, whereas in the rhizosphere, plant genotype was the most important factor determining fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - John Larsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, México
| | - Rong Zeng
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shigang Gao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuming Dai
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, China
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Chaibub AA, Sousa TPD, Araújo LGD, Filippi MCCD. Molecular and morphological characterization of rice phylloplane fungi and determination of the antagonistic activity against rice pathogens. Microbiol Res 2019; 231:126353. [PMID: 31707299 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cladosporium spp. is a cosmopolitan fungal genus. In the literature, it has been reported as a biological agent for controlling several plant diseases, but its mechanism of action has never been clarified. The present study aims to identify Cladosporium spp. based on the DNA phylogeny of nine isolates obtained from the phylloplane of rice and their potential antagonistic activity against the main fungal pathogens that affect rice crop. Nine isolates of Cladosporium spp. were identified based on DNA phylogeny, molecular and morphological characterization, and their antagonistic effects with the rice pathogens C. miyabeanus, M. oryzae, M. albescens and S. oryzae. Four isolates were selected to study lytic enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and protease, and only one isolate was selected for a conidial germination and appressoria formation assay. The nine isolates were identified as C. cladosporioides, C. tenuissimum and C. subuliforme. Four isolates, identified as C. cladosporioides, inhibited the mycelial growth of rice pathogens such as C1H (68.59%) of S. oryzae, C5 G (74.32%) of C. miyabeanus, C11 G (75.97%) of M. oryzae and C24 G (77.39%) of M. albescens. C24 G showed a high activity of lytic enzymes, was tested against C. miyabeanus and M. oryzae, and inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation by more than 59.36%. The characterization of C. cladosporioides suggested this species as a potential bioagent for the management of several rice diseases, especially rice blast. This is the first time that a potential biological agent from the genus Cladosporium identified at the species level was isolated from the rice phylloplane, and some of its mechanisms of action were demonstrated, such as increasing lytic enzyme activity against rice pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Chaibub
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil; Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, 75375-000, GO, Brazil.
| | - Thatyane P de Sousa
- Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Leila G de Araújo
- Microorganisms Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Marta Cristina C de Filippi
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, 75375-000, GO, Brazil.
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