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Li T, Mao H, Wang Z, Yu JZ, Li S, Nie X, Herrmann H, Wang Y. Field Evidence for Asian Outflow and Fast Depletion of Total Gaseous Mercury in the Polluted Coastal Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4101-4112. [PMID: 36847858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) cycling in polluted coastal atmosphere is complicated and not fully understood. Here, we present measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM) monitored at a coastal mountaintop in Hong Kong downwind of mainland China. Sharp TGM peaks during cold front passages were frequently observed due to Asian pollution outflow with typical TGM/CO slopes of 6.8 ± 2.2 pg m-3 ppbv-1. Contrary to the daytime maximums of other air pollutants, TGM exhibited a distinct diurnal variation with a midday minimum. Moreover, we observed four cases of extremely fast TGM depletion after sunrise, during which TGM concentrations rapidly dipped to 0.3-0.6 ng m-3 accompanied by other pollutants on the rise. Simulated meteorological fields revealed that morning upslope flow transporting anthropogenically polluted but TGM-depleted air masses from the mixed layer caused morning TGM depletion at the mountaintop location. The TGM-depleted air masses were hypothesized to result mainly from fast photooxidation of Hg after sunrise with minor contributions from dry deposition (5.0%) and nocturnal oxidation (0.6%). A bromine-induced two-step oxidation mechanism involving abundant pollutants (NO2, O3, etc.) was estimated to play a dominant role, contributing 55%-60% of depleted TGM and requiring 0.20-0.26 pptv Br, an amount potentially available through sea salt aerosol debromination. Our findings suggest significant effects of the interaction between anthropogenic pollution and marine halogen chemistry on atmospheric Hg cycling in the coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoling Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Liu K, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Tang Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen J. Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 119:106-118. [PMID: 35934455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury (HgII) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux (FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the HgII gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), particulate-bound Hg (PBM), and PM2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature (T) and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations under different relative humidity (RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases (NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury (GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from -33%-29%, 95%-300%, 64%-261%, 117%-122% to -13%-0%, -20%-80%, -31%-50%, -17%-23%. The improved model explains 69%-98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013-2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong provincial academy of environmental science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmos. Environ., Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Feng X, Li P, Fu X, Wang X, Zhang H, Lin CJ. Mercury pollution in China: implications on the implementation of the Minamata Convention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:634-648. [PMID: 35485580 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal released into the environment through human activities and natural processes. Human activities have profoundly increased the amount of Hg in the atmosphere and altered its global cycling since the Industrial Revolution. Gaseous elemental Hg is the predominant form of Hg in the atmosphere, which can undergo long-range transport and atmospheric deposition into the aquatic systems. Hg deposition elevates the methylmercury (MeHg) level in fish through bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which poses a serious human health risk. Acute poisoning of MeHg can result in Minamata disease, while low-level long-term exposure in pregnant women can reduce the intelligence quotient of infants. After five sessions of intergovernmental negotiation, the Minamata Convention on mercury entered into force in August 2017 to protect human health and the environment from Hg pollution. Currently China contributes the largest quantity of Hg production, consumption, and emission globally. However, the status of Hg pollution in the environment in China and its associated health risk remains relatively unknown, which hinders the development of implementation plans of the Minamata Convention. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on the atmospheric release of Hg, distribution of air Hg concentration, human exposure to MeHg and health impacts caused by Hg pollution in China. Ongoing improvement of air pollution control measures is expected to further decrease anthropogenic Hg emissions in China. Air Hg concentrations in China are higher than the background values in the Northern Hemisphere, with spatial distribution largely influenced by anthropogenic emissions. Long-term observations of GEM in China show a decline in recent years. The net Hg transport outflow from China in 2013 is estimated to be 511 t year-1, and ∼60% of such outflow is caused by natural surface Hg emissions. Hg concentrations in fish and rice in China are relatively low and therefore the associated risks of human Hg exposure are low. Future research needs and recommendations for the implementation of the Minamata Convention are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Che-Jen Lin
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
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Luo Q, Ren Y, Sun Z, Li Y, Li B, Yang S, Zhang W, Hu Y, Cheng H. Atmospheric mercury pollution caused by fluorescent lamp manufacturing and the associated human health risk in a large industrial and commercial city. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116146. [PMID: 33316504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although already eliminated in most industrial processes, mercury, as an essential ingredient in all energy-efficient lighting technologies, is still used in fluorescent lamp manufacturing. This study was conducted to investigate the atmospheric pollution caused by fluorescent lamp production and assess the associated public health risk in a large industrial and commercial city of south China, Zhongshan, which is a major production hub of lighting products. Concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the atmosphere were measured over a total of 342 sites in the industrial, commercial, and residential areas. The average levels of TGM in the industrial, commercial, and residential areas prior to the landing of a typhoon were 12 ± 11, 3.6 ± 2.1, and 2.7 ± 1.3 ng⋅m-3, respectively. TGM concentrations in the industrial areas exhibited significant diurnal variation, with levels in the working hours being much higher than those in the non-working hours, which indicates that the high atmospheric mercury concentrations were contributed by local emissions, instead of regional transport. Most fluorescent lamp manufacturing activities in the city were shut down during a typhoon event, which resulted in a significant reduction in the average TGM level (down to 1.6 ± 1.8 ng⋅m-3) and rendered the difference in the average TGM levels in the industrial areas no longer significant between the working and non-working hours. Elevated TGM levels (up to 49 ng⋅m-3) were found near clusters of small-scale fluorescent lamp workshops in both industrial and commercial areas, which is indicative of significant emissions of mercury vapor resulting from obsolete equipment and production technologies. No significant non-carcinogenic risk was found for the general residents in the sampling area over the study period, while the risk for the workers in the fluorescent lamp manufacturing facilities and workshops could be higher. These findings indicate that fluorescent lamp manufacturing in the developing countries is a major source of atmospheric mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuxuan Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zehang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bing Li
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wanpeng Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Yin X, Zhou W, Kang S, de Foy B, Yu Y, Xie J, Sun S, Wu K, Zhang Q. Latest observations of total gaseous mercury in a megacity (Lanzhou) in northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137494. [PMID: 32325570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One year of online total gaseous mercury (TGM) measurements were carried out for the first time in Lanzhou, a city in northwest China that was once seriously polluted. Measurements were made from October 2016 to October 2017 using the Tekran 2537B instrument, and the annual mean concentration of TGM in Lanzhou was 4.48 ± 2.32 ng m-3 (mean ± standard deviation). TGM concentrations decreased during the measurement period, with autumn 2017 average concentrations 2.87 ng m-3 lower than autumn 2016 average concentrations. Similar diurnal variations of TGM were obtained in different seasons with low concentrations observed in the afternoon and high concentrations at night. The principal component analysis and conditional probability function results revealed that the sources of mercury were similar to the other atmospheric pollutants such as SO2, CO, NO2 and PM2.5, and were mainly from industrial combustion plants in urban districts. Concentration weighted trajectory analysis using backward trajectories demonstrated that higher mercury concentrations were related to air masses from adjacent regions, indicating the importance of influences from local-to-regional scale sources. A synthesis of multi-decadal atmospheric mercury measurements in Lanzhou and other Chinese megacities revealed that atmospheric mercury concentrations were either generally stable or experienced a slight decrease, during a time when China implemented control measures on atmospheric pollution. Long-term atmospheric mercury observations in urban and background sites in China are warranted to assess mercury pollution and the effectiveness of China's mercury control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Benjamin de Foy
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Xie
- China Meteorological Administration, National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Sun Y, Tao J, Chen G, Yan B, Cheng Z. Distribution of Hg during sewage sludge and municipal solid waste Co-pyrolysis: Influence of multiple factors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 107:276-284. [PMID: 32320940 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis is a promising approach to recover energy from sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid waste (MSW). Hg emission during this process has serious environmental risks. To reduce the environmental impact, orthogonal experiments on the blending ratio, heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, and residence time were conducted during SS and MSW co-pyrolysis. Variance analysis was used to determine the influence and synergetic effects of these factors. Multivariate nonlinear, neural network, random forest, and support vector machine models were used to simulate the Hg distribution based on four parameters, which were later optimized to optimize the Hg fixing ratio in pyrolysis char. The Hg was mainly distributed in the pyrolysis gas and char. The variance analysis results indicate that the blending ratio is the key factor influencing Hg distribution, and there is little synergetic effect among the four factors. Further experiments showed that a blending ratio of 87.5 SS wt% could enhance Hg fixation in char. The neural network model shows the best simulation performance with a mean relative error of 8.92%. The optimal parameters are a heating rate of 7 °C/min, pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, and residence time of 10 min, resulting in a Hg fixing ratio of 25.68 wt% in pyrolysis char. The simulated Hg fixation characteristics correlate with the experimental results. This study provides insights into Hg distribution under various conditions during co-pyrolysis of SS and MSW. It is hoped that this work can contribute to the control of Hg during the waste treatment and utilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junyu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Science, Tibet University, No. 36 Jiangsu Street, Lhasa 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; Tianjin Engineering Center of Biomass-derived Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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Liu K, Wu Q, Wang L, Wang S, Liu T, Ding D, Tang Y, Li G, Tian H, Duan L, Wang X, Fu X, Feng X, Hao J. Measure-Specific Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control on China's Atmospheric Mercury Concentration and Deposition during 2013-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8938-8946. [PMID: 31242727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
China took aggressive air pollution control measures from 2013 to 2017, leading to the mitigation of atmospheric mercury pollution as a cobenefit. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the effect of five major air pollution control measures in reducing mercury emissions, the total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentration and mercury deposition flux (FLX) for unit emissions reduction. From 2013 to 2017, China's mercury emissions decreased from 571 to 444 tons, resulting in a 0.29 ng m-3 decrease in the TGM concentration, on average, and in a 17 μg m-2 yr-1 decrease in FLX. Ultralow emission renovations of coal-fired power plants are identified as the most effective emission abatement measure. As a result of this successful measure, coal-fired power plants are no longer the main mercury emitters. In 2017, the cement clinker sector became the largest emitter due to the use of less effective mercury removal measures. However, in terms of the mitigated TGM concentration and FLX levels per unit emission abatement, newly built wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems in coal-fired industrial boilers have become particularly effective in decreasing FLX levels. Therefore, to effectively reduce atmospheric mercury pollution in China, prioritizing mercury emissions control of cement clinkers and coal-fired industrial boilers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Environment and Energy , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre , Beijing 100012 , China
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry , Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081 , China
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry , Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081 , China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry , Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081 , China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084 , China
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Assessment of the SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI-SMAP) as an Agricultural Drought Index in China. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
China is frequently subjected to local and regional drought disasters, and thus, drought monitoring is vital. Drought assessments based on available surface soil moisture (SM) can account for soil water deficit directly. Microwave remote sensing techniques enable the estimation of global SM with a high temporal resolution. At present, the evaluation of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM products is inadequate, and L-band microwave data have not been applied to agricultural drought monitoring throughout China. In this study, first, we provide a pivotal evaluation of the SMAP L3 radiometer-derived SM product using in situ observation data throughout China, to assist in subsequent drought assessment, and then the SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI-SMAP) is compared with the atmospheric water deficit (AWD) and vegetation health index (VHI). It is found that the SMAP can obtain SM with relatively high accuracy and the SWDI-SMAP has a good overall performance on drought monitoring. Relatively good performance of SWDI-SMAP is shown, except in some mountain regions; the SWDI-SMAP generally performs better in the north than in the south for less dry bias, although better performance of SMAP SM based on the R is shown in the south than in the north; differences between the SWDI-SMAP and VHI are mainly shown in areas without vegetation or those containing drought-resistant plants. In summary, the SWDI-SMAP shows great application potential in drought monitoring.
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Yadav IC, Linthoingambi Devi N, Li J, Syed JH, Zhang G, Watanabe H. Biomass burning in Indo-China peninsula and its impacts on regional air quality and global climate change-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:414-427. [PMID: 28486185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although, many biomass burning (BB) emissions products (particulate matter and trace gases) are believed to be trans-boundary pollutants that originates from India and China (the two most populous countries in Asia), the information about BB emission and related contents is limited for Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) region. This motivated us to review this region pertaining to BB emission. The main objective of the review is to document the current status of BB emission in ICP region. In order to highlight the impact of BB on regional air quality and global climate change, the role of BB emission in ICP region is also discussed. Based on the available literature and modeling simulations studies, it is evidenced that ICP is one of the hotspot regional source for aerosols in terms of BB emissions. In addition, regional emissions through BB have significant implications for regional air quality especially in the neighboring countries such as China, Taiwan and India. Our assessment highlight that there is still a general lack of reliable data and research studies addressing BB related issues in context of environmental and human health. There is therefore a critical need to improve the current knowledge base, which should build upon the research experience and further research into these issues is considered vital to help inform future policies/control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hirozumi Watanabe
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan
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