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Lammertyn S, Magni FV, Durán A, Repetti MR, Godoy JL, Zalazar CS. Earthworm injury test for in-situ biomonitoring of pesticides in biobeds. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142923. [PMID: 39059642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Biobeds are presented as an alternative for good pesticide wastewater management on farms. This work proposes a new test for in-situ biomonitoring of pesticide detoxification in biobeds. It is based on the assessment of visually appreciable injuries to Eisenia fetida. The severity of the injury to each exposed individual is assessed from the morphological changes observed in comparison with the patterns established in seven categories and, an injury index is calculated. A linear relationship between the proposed injury index and the pesticide concentration was determined for each pesticide sprayed individually in the biomixture. The five pesticides used were atrazine, prometryn, clethodim, haloxyfop-P-methyl and dicamba. In addition, a multiple linear regression model (i.e., a multivariate response surface) was fitted, which showed a good generalization capacity. The sensitivity range of the injury test was tested from 0.01 to 630 mg kg-1 as the total pesticide concentration. This index is then used to monitor the detoxification of these pesticides in a biomixture (composed of wheat stubble, river waste, and soil, 50:25:25% by volume) over 210 days. The results are compared with standardized tests (Eisenia fetida avoidance test and Lactuca sativa seed germination test) carried out on the same biomixture. The results are also compared with data on the removal of pesticides. The injury test showed a better correlation with the removal of pesticides than the avoidance test and seed germination test. This simple and inexpensive test has proved to be useful for decontamination in-situ monitoring in biobeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Lammertyn
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia V Magni
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Durán
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José Luis Godoy
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Cristina S Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Dep. Medioambiente. FICH-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Biodegradation of Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos Using an Immobilized Bacterial Consortium in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010220. [PMID: 36677512 PMCID: PMC9861835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This work provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system using a bacterial consortium for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture of iprodione (IPR) and chlorpyrifos (CHL). Two bacterial strains (Achromobacter spanius C1 and Pseudomonas rhodesiae C4) isolated from the biomixture of a biopurification system were able to efficiently remove pesticides IPR and CHL at different concentrations (10 to 100 mg L-1) from the liquid medium as individual strains and free consortium. The half-life time (T1/2) for IPR and CHL was determined for individual strains and a free bacterial consortium. However, when the free bacterial consortium was used, a lower T1/2 was obtained, especially for CHL. Based on these results, an immobilized bacterial consortium was formulated with each bacterial strain encapsulated individually in alginate beads. Then, different inoculum concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/v) of the immobilized consortium were evaluated in batch experiments for IPR and CHL removal. The inoculum concentration of 15% w/v demonstrated the highest pesticide removal. Using this inoculum concentration, the packed-bed bioreactor with an immobilized bacterial consortium was operated in continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h-1) at a pesticide concentration of 50 mg L-1 each. The performance in the bioreactor demonstrated that it is possible to efficiently remove a pesticide mixture of IPR and CHL in a continuous system. The metabolites 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were produced, and a slight accumulation of TCP was observed. The bioreactor was influenced by TCP accumulation but was able to recover performance quickly. Finally, after 60 days of operation, the removal efficiency was 96% for IPR and 82% for CHL. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is possible to remove IPR and CHL from pesticide-containing wastewater in a continuous system.
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Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 and Streptomyces lavendulae C27 Isolated from a Biopurification System for Environmental Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101892. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant-producing bacteria can be found in contaminated environments such as biopurification systems (BPS) for pesticide treatments. A total of 18 isolates were screened to determine their ability to produce extracellular biosurfactants, using olive oil as the main carbon source. Out of the eighteen isolates, two strains (C11 and C27) were selected for biosurfactant production. The emulsification activities of the C11 and C27 strains using sunflower oil was 58.4 and 53.7%, respectively, and 46.6 and 48.0% using olive oil. Using molecular techniques and MALDI-TOF, the strains were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C11) and Streptomyces lavendulae (C27). The submerged cultivation of the two selected strains was carried out in a 1 L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum biosurfactant production, indicated by the lowest surface tension measurement, was similar (46 and 45 mN/m) for both strains, independent of the fact that the biomass of the B. amyloliquefaciens C11 strain was 50% lower than the biomass of the S. lavendulae C27 strain. The partially purified biosurfactants produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 and S. lavendulae C27 were characterized as a lipopeptide and a glycolipid, respectively. These outcomes highlight the potential of the selected biosurfactant-producing microorganisms for improving pesticides’ bioavailability and therefore the degradational efficacy of BPS.
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Lescano M, Fussoni N, Vidal E, Zalazar C. Biodegradation of pesticide-contaminated wastewaters from a formulation plant employing a pilot scale biobed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150758. [PMID: 34619204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a pilot biobed was built up to treat pesticide-contaminated wastewaters discharged from a formulation plant. The pre-treated wastewater was spiked with additional pesticides in order to simulate a scenario of higher contamination: glyphosate, atrazine, imidacloprid, prometryn and carbendazim were added to reach a final Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration of 70 mg L-1. An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was filled with a biomixture of soil and foxtail millet stubble (50:50% v v-1), and 200 l of the wastewater was added to the system recycling tank. The recirculation to the IBC was established for 12 h. After that (Day 0), the recirculation was turned on during the assay only to maintain the moisture for 180 days. Biomixture and wastewater samples were taken periodically to analyse pesticides and phytotoxicity in both matrices. In addition, hydrolytic and phenoloxidase activities, total bacteria and yeast and fungi communities were determined in the biomixture. The designed pilot scale biobed allowed to treat wastewaters with high concentration of pesticides reaching a complete removal of glyphosate, AMPA, atrazine, carbendazim and prometryn at 180 days. A good degradation percentage of the recalcitrant imidacloprid was achieved (60%) and the biomixture showed enough biological activity to continue treating additional wastewater. The root elongation index from the germination test showed low toxicity on day 180 both in biomixture and wastewater. The millet stubble resulted an appropriate lignocellulosic material to be used in biobeds to treat a wide variety of pesticides. The application of the seed germination test proved to be a low cost and simple tool to determine the end point of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Lescano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nerina Fussoni
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Vidal
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Dep. de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristina Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Dep. Medioambiente, FICH-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Aguilar-Romero I, Romero E, Wittich RM, van Dillewijn P. Bacterial ecotoxicity and shifts in bacterial communities associated with the removal of ibuprofen, diclofenac and triclosan in biopurification systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140461. [PMID: 32886990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and possible adverse effects of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in waters and the environment is a cause for increasing concern. We investigated the dissipation of three PPCPs: ibuprofen (IBP), diclofenac (DCF) and triclosan (TCS), separately and in mixtures, in the ppm range in biopurification system (BPS) microcosms, paying special attention to their effect on bacterial ecotoxicity, as well as bacterial community structure and composition. The results reveal that BPS microcosms efficiently dissipate IBP and DCF with 90% removed after 45 and 84 days of incubation, respectively. However, removal of TCS required a longer incubation period of 127 days for 90% removal. Furthermore, dissipation of the PPCPs was slower when a mixture of all three was applied to BPS microcosms. TCS had an initial negative effect on bacterial viability by a decrease of 34-43% as measured by live bacterial cell counts using LIVE/DEAD® microscopy; however, this effect was mitigated when the three PPCPs were present simultaneously. The bacterial communities in BPS microcosms were more affected by incubation time than by the PPCPs used. Nonetheless, the PPCPs differentially affected the composition and relative abundance of bacterial taxa. IBP and DCF initially increased bacterial diversity and richness, while exposure to TCS generally provoked an opposite effect without full recovery at the end of the incubation period. TCS, which negatively affected the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Methylophilales, and Legionellales, had the largest impact on bacterial groups. Biomarker OTUs were identified in the BPS microcosms which were constrained to higher concentrations of the PPCPs and thus are likely to harbour degradation and/or detoxification mechanisms. This study reveals for the first time the effect of PPCPs on bacterial ecotoxicity and diversity in biopurification system microcosms and also facilitates the design of further applications of biomixtures to eliminate PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Aguilar-Romero
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza Romero
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Regina-Michaela Wittich
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pieter van Dillewijn
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain..
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Briceño G, Lamilla C, Leiva B, Levio M, Donoso-Piñol P, Schalchli H, Gallardo F, Diez MC. Pesticide-tolerant bacteria isolated from a biopurification system to remove commonly used pesticides to protect water resources. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234865. [PMID: 32598366 PMCID: PMC7324069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we selected and characterized different pesticide-tolerant bacteria isolated from a biomixture of a biopurification system that had received continuous applications of a pesticides mixture. The amplicon analysis of biomixture reported that the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were predominant. Six strains grew in the presence of chlorpyrifos and iprodione. Biochemical characterization showed that all isolates were positive for esterase, acid phosphatase, among others, and they were identified as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Achromobacter based on molecular and proteomic analysis. Bacterial growth decreased as both pesticide concentrations increased from 10 to 100 mg L-1 in liquid culture. The Achromobacter sp. strain C1 showed the best chlorpyrifos removal rate of 0.072–0.147 d-1 a half-life of 4.7–9.7 d and a maximum metabolite concentration of 2.10 mg L-1 at 120 h. On the other hand, Pseudomonas sp. strain C9 showed the highest iprodione removal rate of 0.100–0.193 d-1 a half-life of 4–7 d and maximum metabolite concentration of 0.95 mg L-1 at 48 h. The Achromobacter and Pseudomonas strains showed a good potential as chlorpyrifos and iprodione-degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Briceño
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudio Lamilla
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Leiva
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Levio
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Donoso-Piñol
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Heidi Schalchli
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Gallardo
- Chemical Sciences and Natural Resource Department, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Cristina Diez
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Tortella GR, Cuozzo S, Diez MC, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Durán P, Masís-Mora M, Parada J, Rubilar O. Pesticide dissipation capacity of an organic biomixture used in the agriculture exposed to copper oxychloride. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110121. [PMID: 31896474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - S Cuozzo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - M C Diez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - C E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - P Durán
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J Parada
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - O Rubilar
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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Aguiar LM, Dos Santos JB, Barroso GM, Laia MLD, Gonçalves JF, da Costa VAM, Brito LA. Influence of 2,4-D residues on the soil microbial community and growth of tree species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:69-77. [PMID: 31342787 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1644289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) has low half-life in the soil, but it is capable of altering the soil microbial community. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 2,4-D residues on the structure of the soil microbial community and the growth of tree species. The tolerance and phytoremediation potential of tree species were evaluated. The microbial analysis was performed by T-RFLP. The 2,4-D herbicide reduced the plant height of K. lathrophyton, number of leaves of C. ferrea and K. lathrophyton and root dry matter allocation for C. brasiliense, I. striata, P. heptaphyllum, and T. guianensis. Cucumis sativus intoxication on soil contaminated with 2,4-D was not significant. The structure of Fungi community in the rhizospheric soils of C. ferrea was altered. The herbicide 2,4-D increased the diversity of Fungi in rhizospheric soils of P. heptahyllum and R. grandis. Most tree species were tolerant, and the evaluation time was sufficient to remedy 2,4-D. The structures of the microbial communities Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi were little influenced by 2,4-D. The diversity of the Archaea domain was not affected, the diversity of the Bacteria in Inga striata decreased while the fungi increased in Protium heptaphyllum and Richeria grandis with 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Monteiro Aguiar
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - José Barbosa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Madureira Barroso
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Luiz de Laia
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Janaína Ferreira Gonçalves
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Unaí, Brasil
| | | | - Lílian Almeida Brito
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
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Effects of Ca 2+ and fulvic acids on atrazine degradation by nano-TiO 2: Performances and mechanisms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8880. [PMID: 31222038 PMCID: PMC6586927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption and UV photocatalytic degradation of atrazine using nano-TiO2 particles were studied systematically, and the colloidal stability of nano-TiO2 particles in solution was also investigated to reveal the removal mechanism. Experiments which contained the first 6.0 hours darkness and 4.0 hours UV illumination later were conducted at different concentrations of Ca2+ and/or fulvic acids (FA) at pH = 7.0. Results showed that the adsorption rate of atrazine onto nano-TiO2 particles decreased with the increase of Ca2+ and/or FA concentrations, which could be explained well by the colloidal stability of nanoparticles. When the solution contained Ca2+ or Ca2+-FA, the nanoparticles were aggregated together leading to the decrease of the contact surface area. Besides, there existed competitive adsorption between FA and atrazine on the particle surface. During photocatalytic degradation, the increase of Ca2+ and/or FA concentration accelerated the aggregation of nano-TiO2 particles and that reduced the degradation efficiency of atrazine. The particle sizes by SEM were in accordance with the aggregation degree of nanoparticles in the solutions. Sedimentation experiments of nano-TiO2 particles displayed that the fastest sedimentation was happened in the CaCl2 and FA coexistent system and followed by CaCl2 alone, and the results well demonstrated the photodegradation efficiency trends of atrazine by nano-TiO2 particles under the different sedimentation conditions.
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