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Mao K, Li C, Zhai H, Wang Y, Lou Y, Xue W, Zhou G. OsRCI-1-Mediated GLVs Enhance Rice Resistance to Brown Planthoppers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1494. [PMID: 38891303 PMCID: PMC11174820 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) play pivotal roles in plant anti-herbivore defense. This study investigated whether the rice 13-lipoxygense gene OsRCI-1 is involved in GLV production and plant defense in rice. The overexpression of OsRCI-1 (oeRCI lines) in rice resulted in increased wound-induced levels of two prominent GLVs, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexenal. In a previous study, we found that the overexpression of OsRCI-1 reduced the colonization by the rice brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) but increased the attractiveness to the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae compared to wild-type (WT) plants. This study found that when cis-3-hexen-1-ol, but not cis-3-hexenal, was added to WT plants, it could change the BPH's colonization preference, i.e., more BPHs preferred to colonize the oeRCI lines. The exogenous application of cis-3-hexen-1-ol or cis-3-hexenal to BPH-infested WT plants could weaken or overturn the preference of A. nilaparvatae for oeRCI lines. However, field experiments revealed that only cis-3-hexenal was attractive to the parasitoid and increased the parasitism rates of BPH eggs. These results indicate that OsRCI-1 is involved in rice GLV production and therefore modulates both direct and indirect defense in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Mao
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chengzhe Li
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Huacai Zhai
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoxin Zhou
- Key Lab for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.M.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Yan XZ, Ma L, Li XF, Chang L, Liu QZ, Song CF, Zhao JY, Qie XT, Deng CP, Wang CZ, Hao C. Identification and evaluation of cruciferous plant volatiles attractive to Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5270-5282. [PMID: 37602963 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, has developed resistance to almost all insecticides used for its control. The 'push-pull' method has been shown as an effective control strategy to address this resistance challenge of P. xylostella. The key focus of the strategy is the identification of attractive or repellent volatile components. The aim of this study was to identify attractive volatile compounds released from host plants. Identified compounds were applied in the biological control of this pest. RESULTS Nine active compounds released into the headspace of seven cruciferous plant species were identified using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Electroantennographic detection-active compounds included five green leaf volatiles (hexanal, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, and 1-penten-3-ol), three isothiocyanates (isopropyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, and butyl isothiocyanate), and nonanal. Except for nonanal, all the identified green leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates elicited strong electrophysiological and behavioral responses in P. xylostella. The strongest attractive compounds, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate, were further evaluated in oviposition and field-trapping assays. Results showed that they both lured female moths to lay eggs, and were highly attractive to P. xylostella adults in field, especially when used in combination with yellow and green sticky boards. However, a blend of the two compounds showed no synergistic effect, but rather an antagonistic effect. CONCLUSIONS Green leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates were identified as key olfactory cues for host selection of P. xylostella. Trans-2- hexen-1-ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate were identified as candidate attractive compounds to serve in a 'push-pull' strategy for P. xylostella control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhong Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Le Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qing-Zhao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Song
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xing-Tao Qie
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cai-Ping Deng
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chen-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Karssemeijer PN, Croijmans L, Gajendiran K, Gols R, van Apeldoorn DF, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Diverse cropping systems lead to higher larval mortality of the cabbage root fly ( Delia radicum). JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37360044 PMCID: PMC10161186 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-023-01629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Root herbivores pose a major threat to agricultural crops. They are difficult to control and their damage often goes unnoticed until the larvae reach their most devastating late instar stages. Crop diversification can reduce pest pressure, generally without compromising yield. We studied how different diversified cropping systems affected the oviposition and abundance of the specialist cabbage root fly Delia radicum, the most important root herbivore in Brassica crops. The cropping systems included a monoculture, pixel cropping, and four variations of strip cropping with varying intra- and interspecific crop diversity, fertilization and spatial configuration. Furthermore, we assessed whether there was a link between D. radicum and other macroinvertebrates associated with the same plants. Cabbage root fly oviposition was higher in strip cropping designs compared to the monoculture and was highest in the most diversified strip cropping design. Despite the large number of eggs, there were no consistent differences in the number of larvae and pupae between the cropping systems, indicative of high mortality of D. radicum eggs and early instars especially in the strip cropping designs. D. radicum larval and pupal abundance positively correlated with soil-dwelling predators and detritivores and negatively correlated with other belowground herbivores. We found no correlations between the presence of aboveground insect herbivores and the number of D. radicum on the roots. Our findings indicate that root herbivore presence is determined by a complex interplay of many factors, spatial configuration of host plants, and other organisms residing near the roots. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-023-01629-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Karssemeijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Croijmans
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karthick Gajendiran
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk F. van Apeldoorn
- Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Edelhertweg 10, 8200 AK Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Menacer K, Hervé MR, Marie Cortesero A, Aujames T, Anton S. Sex- and maturity-dependent antennal detection of host plant volatiles in the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 146:104500. [PMID: 36914091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult insect behaviour in response to plant-emitted volatile compounds varies between the sexes and as a function of maturity. These differences in behavioural responses can be due to modulation in the peripheral or central nervous system. In the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, behavioural effects of certain host plant volatiles on mature female behaviour have been evaluated, and a large number of compounds emitted by brassicaceous host plants have been identified. We recorded here dose-dependent electroantennogram responses to all tested compounds and investigated if the antennal detection of individual volatile compounds emitted by intact and damaged host plants differs between male and female, as well as immature and mature flies. Our results showed dose-dependent responses in mature and immature males and females. Mean response amplitudes varied significantly between sexes for three compounds, and between maturity states for six compounds. For some additional compounds significant differences occurred only for high stimulus doses (interaction between dose and sex and/or dose and maturity status). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant global effect of maturity on electroantennogram response amplitudes and for one experimental session also a significant global effect of the sex. Interestingly, allyl isothiocyanate, a compound stimulating oviposition behaviour, elicited stronger responses in mature than in immature flies, whereas ethylacetophenone, an attractive flower volatile, elicited stronger responses in immature than in mature flies, which correlates with the behavioural role of these compounds. Several host-derived compounds elicited stronger responses in females than in males and, at least at high doses, stronger responses in mature than in immature flies, indicating differential antennal sensitivity to behaviourally active compounds. Six compounds did not cause any significant differences in responses between the different groups of flies. Our results thus confirm peripheral plasticity in plant volatile detection in the cabbage root fly and provide a basis for future behavioural investigations on the function of individual plant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Menacer
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Maxime R Hervé
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Tom Aujames
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Sylvia Anton
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 49045 Angers, France
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Yang ZK, Qu C, Pan SX, Liu Y, Shi Z, Luo C, Qin YG, Yang XL. Aphid-repellent, ladybug-attraction activities, and binding mechanism of methyl salicylate derivatives containing geraniol moiety. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:760-770. [PMID: 36259292 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids have been mainly controlled by traditional chemical insecticides, resulting in unamiable risk to the environment over the last decades. Push-pull strategy is regarded as a promising eco-friendly approach for aphid management through repelling aphid away and attracting their natural enemy. Methyl salicylate (MeSA), one of typical HIPVs (herbivore-induced plant volatiles), can repel aphids and attract ladybugs. Our previous studies discovered a new lead compound 3e, a salicylate-substituted carboxyl (E)-β-farnesene derivative that had effective aphid-repellent activity. However, whether 3e has attractive activity to ladybug like MeSA is unknown. Meanwhile, to discover a new derivative for both deterring aphid and recruiting ladybug is meaningful for green control of aphids. RESULTS Through the structural optimization of 3e, 14 new derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 4e and 4i had good aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) repellent activity, and compounds 3e, 4e and 4i had significant ladybug (Harmonia axyridis) attractive activity to males. Particularly, 4i exhibited manifest attractive effect on the females as well. Binding mechanism showed that 4i not only bound effectively with the aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) target ApisOBP9 thanks to its multiple hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen-bond, but also had strong binding affinity with ladybug target HaxyOBP15 due to the suitable steric space. Additionally, 4i displayed low toxicity to bee Apis mellifera. CONCLUSION Compound 3e does exhibit attractive activity to male ladybug as MeSA. However, the new derivative 4i, with both pleasant aphid-repellent and ladybug-attraction activities, can be considered as a novel potential push-pull candidate for aphid control in sustainable agriculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kai Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xiang Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Guo Qin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment-Friendly Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhou W, Xia X, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Wakil W, Akutse KS, Bing X. Editorial: Insect physiological changes during insect-plant interaction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1175813. [PMID: 36969586 PMCID: PMC10031083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1175813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwu Zhou, ; Komivi Senyo Akutse, ; Xiaoli Bing,
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Senckenberg Deutsche Entomologische Institute (SDEI), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Wenwu Zhou, ; Komivi Senyo Akutse, ; Xiaoli Bing,
| | - Xiaoli Bing
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwu Zhou, ; Komivi Senyo Akutse, ; Xiaoli Bing,
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Croijmans L, Valstar RT, Schuur L, Jacobs I, van Apeldoorn DF, Poelman EH. Intraspecific plant variation and nonhost herbivores affect parasitoid host location behaviour. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sontowski R, Guyomar C, Poeschl Y, Weinhold A, van Dam NM, Vassão DG. Mechanisms of Isothiocyanate Detoxification in Larvae of Two Belowground Herbivores, Delia radicum and D. floralis (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:874527. [PMID: 35574438 PMCID: PMC9098826 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Like aboveground herbivores, belowground herbivores are confronted with multiple plant defense mechanisms including complex chemical cocktails in plant tissue. Roots and shoots of Brassicaceae plants contain the two-component glucosinolate (GSL)-myrosinase defense system. Upon cell damage, for example by herbivore feeding, toxic and pungent isothiocyanates (ITCs) can be formed. Several aboveground-feeding herbivores have developed biochemical adaptation strategies to overcome the GSL-ITC defenses of their host plant. Whether belowground herbivores feeding on Brassica roots possess similar mechanisms has received little attention. Here, we analyze how two related belowground specialist herbivores detoxify the GSL-ITC defenses of their host plants. The larvae of the fly species Delia radicum and D. floralis are common pests and specialized herbivores on the roots of Brassicaceae. We used chemical analyses (HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV) to examine how the GSL-ITC defense system is metabolized by these congeneric larvae. In addition, we screened for candidate genes involved in the detoxification process using RNAseq and qPCR. The chemical analyses yielded glutathione conjugates and amines. This indicates that both species detoxify ITCs using potentially the general mercapturic acid pathway, which is also found in aboveground herbivores, and an ITC-specific hydrolytic pathway previously characterized in microbes. Performance assays confirmed that ITCs negatively affect the survival of both species, in spite of their known specialization to ITC-producing plants and tissues, whereas ITC breakdown products are less toxic. Interestingly, the RNAseq analyses showed that the two congeneric species activate different sets of genes upon ITC exposure, which was supported by qPCR data. Based on our findings, we conclude that these specialist larvae use combinations of general and compound-specific detoxification mechanisms with differing efficacies and substrate preferences. This indicates that combining detoxification mechanisms can be an evolutionarily successful strategy to handle plant defenses in herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Sontowski
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rebekka Sontowski, ; Daniel G. Vassão,
| | - Cervin Guyomar
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel G. Vassão
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rebekka Sontowski, ; Daniel G. Vassão,
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Challenging the Preference-Performance Hypothesis in an above-belowground insect. Oecologia 2021; 197:179-187. [PMID: 34363525 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between female oviposition preference and offspring performance has been a question of special interest in the study of host plant selection by phytophagous insects. The Preference-Performance Hypothesis (PPH) is one of the main hypotheses proposed to explain this relationship, stating that females should preferentially lay eggs on plants providing the best larval development. The PPH has been extensively tested on aboveground insects but its application to species with belowground larvae is still mostly unknown. In this study, the PPH was quantitatively tested in an above-belowground insect, the cabbage root fly Delia radicum. Female oviposition preference and larval performance were estimated on three brassicaceous species (Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, and Sinapis alba) as well as between four cultivars of B. rapa and four cultivars of S. alba. Larval performance was estimated through their survival and through three life-history traits (LHT) of emerging adults. The PPH was supported at the intraspecific scale but only in B. rapa and for some, but not all, of the life-history traits. No support for the PPH was found in S. alba as well as at the interspecific scale. This study pleads for the integration of insects with both above- and belowground life stages in the preference-performance debate. Moreover, it raises the importance of measuring several variables to estimate larval performance and to test the PPH quantitatively, both at the plant intraspecific and interspecific scales, before drawing general conclusions.
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Collier R, Mazzi D, Folkedal Schjøll A, Schorpp Q, Thöming G, Johansen TJ, Meadow R, Meyling NV, Cortesero AM, Vogler U, Gaffney MT, Hommes M. The Potential for Decision Support Tools to Improve the Management of Root-Feeding Fly Pests of Vegetables in Western Europe. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060369. [PMID: 32545796 PMCID: PMC7349907 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several important vegetable crops grown outdoors in temperate climates in Europe can be damaged by the root-feeding larvae of Diptera (Delia radicum, Delia floralis, Chamaepsila rosae, Delia platura, Delia florilega, Delia antiqua). Knowledge of pest insect phenology is a key component of any Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, and this review considers the methods used to monitor and forecast the occurrence of root-feeding flies as a basis for decision-making by growers and the ways that such information can be applied. It has highlighted some current management approaches where such information is very useful for decision support, for example, the management of C. rosae with insecticidal sprays and the management of all of these pests using crop covers. There are other approaches, particularly those that need to be applied at sowing or transplanting, where knowledge of pest phenology and abundance is less necessary. Going forward, it is likely that the number of insecticidal control options available to European vegetable growers will diminish and they will need to move from a strategy which often involves using a single ‘silver bullet’ to a combination of approaches/tools with partial effects (applied within an IPM framework). For the less-effective, combined methods, accurate information about pest phenology and abundance and reliable decision support are likely to be extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Collier
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominique Mazzi
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Protection, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Annette Folkedal Schjøll
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (A.F.S.); (G.T.); (T.J.J.)
| | - Quentin Schorpp
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (Q.S.); (U.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Gunda Thöming
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (A.F.S.); (G.T.); (T.J.J.)
| | - Tor J. Johansen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (A.F.S.); (G.T.); (T.J.J.)
| | - Richard Meadow
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Nicolai V. Meyling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | | | - Ute Vogler
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (Q.S.); (U.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael T. Gaffney
- Horticultural Development Department, Teagasc, Ashtown, D15DY05 Dublin 15, Ireland;
| | - Martin Hommes
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (Q.S.); (U.V.); (M.H.)
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Oviposition Preference of the Cabbage Root Fly towards Some Chinese Cabbage Cultivars: A Search for Future Trap Crop Candidates. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11020127. [PMID: 32079140 PMCID: PMC7073706 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of integrated pest management strategies becomes more and more pressing in view of potential harmful effects of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health. A promising alternative strategy against Delia radicum is the use of trap crops. Chinese cabbage (Brassicarapa subsp. pekinensis and subsp. chinensis) is a highly sensitive Brassicaceae species previously identified as a good candidate to attract the cabbage root fly away from other crops. Here, we carried out multi-choice experiments both in the laboratory and in field conditions to measure the oviposition susceptibilities of different subspecies and cultivars of Chinese cabbages as compared to a broccoli reference. We found large differences among subspecies and cultivars of the Chinese cabbage, which received three to eleven times more eggs than the broccoli reference in field conditions. In laboratory conditions, the chinensis subspecies did not receive more eggs than the broccoli reference. We conclude that D. radicum largely prefers to lay eggs on the pekinensis subspecies of Chinese cabbage compared to the chinensis subspecies or broccoli. Some pekinensis cultivars, which received over ten times more eggs than broccoli in the field, appear especially promising candidates to further develop trap crop strategies against the cabbage root fly.
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