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Li M, Chen C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Song N, Li J, Liang X, Yi K, Gu Y, Guo X. Effects of biochar amendment and organic fertilizer on microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of wheat in Yellow River Delta saline-alkaline soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250453. [PMID: 37808323 PMCID: PMC10556502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochar and organic fertilizer amendment have been used as an effective practice to increase soil fertility. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of microbial community response to organic fertilizer and biochar application on saline-alkali soil have not been clarified. This study investigated the effects at different concentrations of organic fertilizer and biochar on the microbial community of wheat rhizosphere soil under field experiment in the Yellow River Delta (China, YRD), using high-throughput sequencing technology. Biochar and organic fertilizer significantly influenced in most soil parameters (p < 0.05), apart from soil moisture content (M), pH, total nitrogen (TN) and soil total phosphorus (TP). Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were found in the rhizosphere soil as the main bacterial phyla, and the main fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. The soil bacterial and fungal communities under organic fertilizer were distinct from CK. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) directed that changes in bacterial communities were related to soil properties like pH, available phosphorus (AP), and total organic carbon (TOC), while pH, AP and TP, were crucial contributors in regulating fungal distribution. The correlation between soil parameters and bacteria or fungi varied with the application of biochar and organic fertilizers, and the interaction between the bacteria and fungi in organic fertilizer treatments formed more connections compared with biochar treatments. Our results indicated that biochar was superior to organic fertilizer under the contents set up in this study, and soil parameters increased with biochar and organic fertilizer application rate. The diversity and structure of soil bacteria and fungi differed with the application of biochar and organic fertilizer. The research provides a reference to rational application of organic fertilizer and biochar improvement in saline-alkali soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Chuanjie Chen
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Kuihua Yi
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yinyu Gu
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Hei J, Xie H, Wang W, Sardans J, Wang C, Tariq A, Zeng F, Peñuelas J. Effects of contrasting N-enriched biochar applications on paddy soil and rice leaf phosphorus fractions in subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162949. [PMID: 36934931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been proved to be an important soil amendment to alleviate soil phosphorus (P) in the paddy crops. However, the role of specially prepared biochar (N-enriched biochar) on the distribution and transformation of P soil in and rice leaves needs to be revealed. In this study, we studied in a field experiment the effects of two different levels of application of N-enriched biochar on the P fractions of soil and leaves. The results showed that: (1) in early rice, both rates of N-enriched biochar increased soil concentrations of labile inorganic P (Pi) (+51.5 % and +66.2 %, respectively) and labile organic P (Po) (+167 % and + 76.9 %, respectively) and moderately labile Pi (+37.8 % and +27.8 %, respectively) and decreased soil concentration of moderately labile Po (-17.0 % and -52.7 %, respectively) in the 0-15 cm layer. Soil total P concentration was positively correlated with soil labile P fractions and moderately labile Pi concentrations (p < 0.05); (2) in early and late rice, application of the biochar at 4 t ha-1 increased rice leaf concentration of inorganic (+13.3 % and +34.8 %, respectively), nucleic acid (+24.2 % and +13.0 %, respectively) (p < 0.05). The foliar inorganic and nucleic acid P concentrations were positively correlated with foliar total P concentrations; (3) redundancy analysis showed that with the application of N-enriched biochar, soil total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and P concentration were important factors affecting the chemical forms of soil P, while soil organic matter, soil total P and leaf total P content were important factors affecting the chemical forms of leaf P; (4) allometric growth models showed that under the application of N-enriched biochar, 0-30 cm soil labile Po concentration was positively related to leaf concentration of nucleic acid P, 0-15 cm soil moderately labile Pi concentration was positively related to leaf concentration of inorganic P and nucleic acid P. Thus, this study provides evidence that N-enriched biochar increase the soil P-availability of labile and moderately labile P that in turn improved rice plants P use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hei
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Ahmad Z, Mosa A, Zhan L, Gao B. Biochar modulates mineral nitrogen dynamics in soil and terrestrial ecosystems: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130378. [PMID: 33838428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, over the last two decades, has become the focal point of agro-environmental research given its unique functionality, cost-effectiveness and recyclability potentials. It has been studied intensively as an efficient scavenger for the decontamination of several organic and inorganic pollutants. However, the ability of biochar to modulate nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil and terrestrial ecosystems remains controversial. This work deliberates on the premise that biochar functionality enables maximizing N use efficiency by reducing the potential losses induced by volatilization/emission and runoff/leaching as well as stimulating available N inputs derived from symbiotic and nonsymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and N mineralization/retention. For this purpose, we carried out a critical review on different intriguing dimensions surrounding the potentiality of biochar to modulate the complicated reactions of soil N cycle with emphasis on its pros and cons. Previous studies in the literature have shown contradictory results with a noticeable significant effect of biochar toward stimulating available N inputs and reducing its losses under short-term laboratory experimentations. However, long-term field investigations have indicated minimal or negative effects in this regard. Furthermore, some of the experimentations lack appropriate controls or fail to account for inputs or losses associated with biochar particles. It is thus of great importance to contextualise lab-scale experimentations based on real field data to provide a holistic approach for understanding the complicated reactions responsible for modulating N cycle in the charosphere. Additionally, biochar functionalization should be highlighted in the foreseeable research to develop fit-for-purpose forms tailored in agro-environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Lu Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
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Effects of Biochar Addition on Rice Growth and Yield under Water-Saving Irrigation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To reveal the effect of biochar addition on rice growth and yield under water-saving irrigation, a 2-year field experiment was carried out to clarify the variations of rice tiller number, plant height, yield components, and irrigation water use efficiency with different biochar application amounts (0, 20, 40 t/ha) and irrigation management (flooding irrigation and water-saving irrigation). The results showed that the rice yield with biochar addition (20 and 40 t/ha) was 15.53% and 24.43% higher than that of non-biochar addition paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. The addition of biochar promoted the growth of tillers and plant height, improved the filled grain number, productive panicle number, and seed setting rate, thus affecting rice yield. Rice yield was raised with the increase in the biochar application amount. Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, water deficit had a certain negative effect on the rice growth indexes, resulting in a slight decrease in yield. However, irrigation water input was significantly decreased with water-saving irrigation compare to flooding irrigation. Under the comprehensive effect of water-saving irrigation and biochar application, the irrigation water use efficiency of a rice paddy field with high biochar application (40 t/ha) under water-saving irrigation was the highest, with an average increase of 91.05% compared to a paddy field with flooding irrigation. Therefore, the application of biochar in paddy fields with water-saving irrigation can substantially save irrigation water input, stably increase rice yield, and ultimately improve irrigation water productive efficiency.
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Pyrolysis Improves the Effect of Straw Amendment on the Productivity of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of straw as a soil amendment is a well-known and recommended agronomy practice, but it can lead to negative effects on the soil and crop yield. It has been hypothesized that many problems related to the burying of straw can be overcome by pyrolyzing it. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of straw and its biochar on the biomass production of perennial ryegrass. A pot-based experiment was conducted with three factors: (i) the crop species used as feedstock, (ii) raw or pyrolyzed organic material, and (iii) the rate of organic amendments. The soil in the pots was amended with straw and biochar produced from Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After soil amendment application, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds were sown. During two years of the experiment, the perennial ryegrass above-ground biomass production and root biomass and morphology parameters were determined. Straw and biochar resulted in higher perennial ryegrass above-ground biomass compared with that of the non-fertilized control. However, straw amendment resulted in lower plant yields of above-ground biomass than those of the biochar treatments or the mineral fertilizer control treatment. The feedstock type (Miscanthus or wheat) significantly affected the perennial ryegrass yield. No difference was observed among wheat and Miscanthus biochar, while among straws, Miscanthus resulted in lower perennial ryegrass productivity (the higher rate of straw and biochar as soil amendments resulted in relatively high perennial ryegrass productivity). The organic amendments resulted in relatively high root biomass and length. The root:shoot ratio was lower in the treatments in which biochar was used, whereas feedstock species and amendment rate were not statistically significant for any of the root biomass and morphometric parameters. The results suggest that the use of pyrolyzed straw can be a reliable strategy instead of straw, increasing ryegrass growth and productivity.
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Abstract
The sustainable production of food faces formidable challenges. Foremost is the availability of arable soils, which have been ravaged by the overuse of fertilizers and detrimental soil management techniques. The maintenance of soil quality and reclamation of marginal soils are urgent priorities. The use of biochar, a carbon-rich, porous material thought to improve various soil properties, is gaining interest. Biochar (BC) is produced through the thermochemical decomposition of organic matter in a process known as pyrolysis. Importantly, the source of organic material, or ‘feedstock’, used in this process and different parameters of pyrolysis determine the chemical and physical properties of biochar. The incorporation of BC impacts soil–water relations and soil health, and it has been shown to have an overall positive impact on crop yield; however, pre-existing physical, chemical, and biological soil properties influence the outcome. The effects of long-term field application of BC and how it influences the soil microcosm also need to be understood. This literature review, including a focused meta-analysis, summarizes the key outcomes of BC studies and identifies critical research areas for future investigations. This knowledge will facilitate the predictable enhancement of crop productivity and meaningful carbon sequestration.
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Kang SW, Seo DC, Kim SY, Cho JS. Utilization of liquid pig manure for resource cycling agriculture in rice-green manure crop rotation in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:323. [PMID: 32361893 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year field experiment was carried out on rice (Oryza sativa, Japonica type) cultivation in South Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of application of liquid pig manure on biomass production and nutrient supply of green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manure crops and to evaluate the effect of nutrients supplied from these sources on rice yield and soil quality in a rice-green manure crop rotation system. Over the 2-year study period, application of liquid pig manure increased biomass production of green manure crops of barley and hairy vetch by more than 216% and 135%, respectively, compared with without liquid pig manure. Moreover, the results showed that the application of liquid pig manure significantly increased the nutrient supply levels in green barley- and hairy vetch-treated areas. Positive effects related to nutrient supply in green barley and hairy vetch treated with liquid pig manure were observed on rice yield, soil chemical characteristics, and microbial biomass C and N contents. In conclusion, the addition of liquid pig manure systems using green manure crops of green barley and hairy vetch improved rice productivity and soil quality. It is suggested that these combinations can be effective in developing resource cycling agriculture in a rice-green manure crop rotation system as it reduces the need for inorganic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Won Kang
- Red River Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Bossier City, LA, 71112, USA
- Department of Bio-environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Bio-environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Sik Cho
- Department of Bio-environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang J, Zhou S, Sun H, Lü F, He P. Three-year rice grain yield responses to coastal mudflat soil properties amended with straw biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 239:23-29. [PMID: 30877970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application is a promising management strategy for enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration. A 3-year pot trial was conducted to demonstrate the relationship between rice grain yield and biochar-amended soil properties together with carbon storage in the Yangtze River estuary, China. Straw biochar was incorporated once into soil in pots at five different rates: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (dry biochar weight/wet soil weight). Compared to yields from the control treatment with no biochar, rice grain yield was improved by 29.1-34.2% in the treatments with 10-15% biochar in the first year following biochar application. In the second year following biochar application, the rice yield was increased by 51.8-96.0% in the treatments with 15-20% biochar. However, compared to the control treatment, hardly any yield increase occurred in any of the biochar treatments in the third year following biochar application. Higher amounts of added biochar increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). SOC contents were invariable and increased nearly 60-250% annually in the biochar treatments compared with the control. Biochar increased soil TN 22.9-75.3%, 24.0-60.9% and 13.8-51.2%, respectively, in each of three consecutive years. Biochar increased the mean concentrations of EC, RAP, RAK and DOC by 8.8-44.8%, 10.0-61.1%, 65.6-310.1% and 9.1-20.0%, respectively, during the three rice-growing seasons. The addition of 10-15% straw biochar to soil and regular annual biochar supplements for agronomic purposes is a potentially sustainable management technology to enhance coastal mudflat soil properties and improve rice yields therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Zhang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, China.
| | - Huifeng Sun
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation, Shanghai, 200092, China
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