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Alkhadher SAA, Sidek LM, Zakaria MP, A Al-Garadi M, Suratman S. Environmental occurrence and assessment of organic pollutants in surface sediments of South Peninsular Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:140. [PMID: 38488953 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organic pollution continues to be an important worldwide obstacle for tackling health and environmental concerns that require ongoing and prompt response. To identify the LAB content levels as molecular indicators for sewage pollution, surface sediments had obtained from the South region of Malaysia. The origins of the LABs were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ANOVA and a Pearson correlation coefficient at p < 0.05 were used in the statistical analyses of the differences between the research locations. Internal to external (I/E) ratio, homologs C13/C12, and long to short (L/S) chains are used to identify the effectiveness of wastewater treatments. According to statistical analysis, the range of LAB level at the stations was 67.4 to 188.7 ng g-1dw. A significant difference was observed between LAB homologs (p < 0.05), with a higher level of C13 in most of the stations. The computed LAB ratio (I/E), which varied from 1.6 to 2.7, revealed the released wastewater from primary and secondary sources. LAB degradation varied between 33 and 49% in the areas that were evaluated. The treatment system of wastewater requires to be further improved, and using LAB markers to track anthropogenic contamination is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lariyah Mohd Sidek
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Arruda-Santos RHD, Costa BVMD, Carvalho PSMD, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Sewage contamination assessment in an urbanized tropical estuary in Northeast Brazil using elemental, isotopic and molecular proxies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120726. [PMID: 36427820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Capibaribe Estuarine System (CES) is a tropical estuary located within a densely populated metropolitan region in the Brazilian Northeast, providing multiple ecosystem services including artisanal fisheries, tourism, and navigation. A significant load of domestic and industrial effluents is causing visible environmental degradation that needs to be characterized. This study evaluated the degree of contamination by domestic sewage and the relative contribution of organic carbon (OC) sources in sediments, measuring carbon-to-nitrogen atomic (C/N)a ratios, δ13C of OC, and linear alkylbenzene concentrations (LAB). The SIAR mixing model indicated that estuarine phytoplankton and sewage contribute 73% and 22% to OC, respectively, based on sedimentary (C/N)a ratios that varied from 8.5 to 13, and δ13C ranging from -25.21 to -21.63‰. This suggests that eutrophication of CES is triggered by sewage inflow. The CES was moderately contaminated by LAB, and the highest concentrations observed in the inner portion, from 287 to 1349 ng g-1 dry weight, suggests the retention of sewage. The mixing isotopic model indicated a significant dilution process of sewage-derived OC by estuarine phytoplankton. The lowest LAB in the lower estuary (317-320 ng g-1 dw) probably resulted from marine dilution. Principal component analysis demonstrated that mud regulates sedimentary OC content, and that the sewage plume regulates sedimentary LAB. High degradation of LAB isomers probably reflects the net heterotrophic condition of this system, also suggesting these compounds are introduced into CES partially degraded. Our results pointed out that degraded OM is a result of chronic and long-term sewage input. Considering the implications of sewage pollution to environmental and public health, there is an urgent need of better policies to improve domestic effluent treatment capacity, reducing contamination of estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanny Helen de Arruda-Santos
- Departmento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura S/n, Recife, PE, CEP 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Varella Motta da Costa
- Departmento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura S/n, Recife, PE, CEP 50740-550, Brazil.
| | | | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departmento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura S/n, Recife, PE, CEP 50740-550, Brazil.
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Alkhadher SAA, Pauzi Zakaria M, Suratman S, Alanazi TYA, Al-Bagawi AH, Magam SM, Masood N, Abdul Kadir A, Al-Gheethi A. Assessment of Sewage Molecular Markers in Port Dickson Coast and Kim Kim River with Sediment Linear Alkylbenzenes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2039234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tahani Y. A. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. H. Al-Bagawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami M. Magam
- Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Masood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeslina Abdul Kadir
- Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Huang Y, Liu L, Liu G, Gong Y. Occurrence and fate of linear alkylbenzenes and their potential as environmental molecular markers in highly urbanized river systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143946. [PMID: 33341608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth have led to the common occurrence of black-stinking urban rivers. Assessing regional anthropogenic influences is beneficial to develop effective remediation strategies. This study comprehensively investigated the occurrence and fate of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as molecular markers of anthropogenic influences in three media (filtered water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment) in a highly urbanized river (Baihaimian River) in Guangzhou, South China. The concentrations of LABs ranged from 41 to 215 ng/L in the dissolved phase, from 7122 to 46,640 ng/g dry weight in the SPM phase, and from 73 to 3650 ng/g dry weight in surface sediments (0-10 cm depth). The spatial distribution of LABs was probably affected by the surrounding environment, river flux, and sediment properties. No biotransformation of LABs in water samples and a slight biotransformation in sediments were observed. Significant correlations were found between total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and LABs in river water, indicating the same domestic wastewater sources. The positive correlation between total organic carbon (TOC) and LABs in sediments suggested that TOC worked as the controlling factor for the redistribution of LABs and that local sewage discharge was the dominant TOC input. The total mass inventory of LABs in sediment in Baihaimian River was 21 kg. The total mass of LABs released into Baihaimian River was 183 kg per year, among them, 63% was discharged into the adjacent Liuxi River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Liangying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanyan Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Alkhadher SAA, Kadir AA, Zakaria MP, Al-Gheethi A, Asghar BHM. Determination of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in mangrove ecosystems using the oyster Crassostrea belcheri as a biosensor. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111115. [PMID: 32319929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a suitable molecular marker [Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs)] approach for pollution determination in mangrove oysters of peninsular Malaysia. C. belcheri species were collected from rivers of Merbok, Perai, Klang, Muar and PulauMerambong (An Island). The LABs were extracted from C. belcheri and determined using GC-MS. The LABs indices which included I/E, L/S and C13/C12 were applied to describe the sources and biodegradation of LABs. The results revealed that the maximum concentrations were detected in oysters from Klang (27.91 ng g-1dw), while the lowest concentrations were detected in oysters from Merbok (8.12 ng g-1dw). Moreover, I/E ratios varied between 2.83 and 6.40, indicating the secondary treatment effluents being discharged to coastal zones. The results of this study suggested that the oysters absorbed LABs mainly in dissolved phase. Therefore, mangrove oysters are a good biosensor for LABs contamination in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Cluster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aeslina Abdul Kadir
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Cluster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Cluster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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