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Kenny CR, Ring G, Sheehan A, Mc Auliffe MAP, Lucey B, Furey A. Novel metallomic profiling and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of botanical ingredients for use in herbal, phytopharmaceutical and dietary products using HR-ICP-SFMS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17582. [PMID: 36266322 PMCID: PMC9584900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of element concentrations in botanical extracts is relevant to assure consumer protection given the increased interest in plant-based ingredients. This study demonstrates successful multi-element investigations in order to address the lack of comprehensive profiling data for botanical extracts, while reporting for the first time the metallomic profile(s) of arnica, bush vetch, sweet cicely, yellow rattle, bogbean, rock-tea and tufted catchfly. Key element compositions were quantified using a validated HR-ICP-SFMS method (µg kg-1) and were found highly variable between the different plants: Lithium (18-3964); Beryllium (3-121); Molybdenum (75-4505); Cadmium (5-325); Tin (6-165); Barium (747-4646); Platinum (2-33); Mercury (5-30); Thallium (3-91); Lead (12-4248); Bismuth (2-30); Titanium (131-5827); Vanadium (15-1758); Chromium (100-4534); Cobalt (21-652); Nickel (230-6060) and Copper (1910-6340). Compendial permissible limits were not exceeded. Overall, no evidence of a health risk to consumers could be determined from consumption of the investigated plants at reasonable intake rates. Mathematical risk modelling (EDI, CDI, HQ, HI) estimated levels above safe oral thresholds only for Cd (16%) and Pb (8%) from higher intakes of the respective plant-derived material. Following high consumption of certain plants, 42% of the samples were categorised as potentially unsafe due to cumulative exposure to Cu, Cd, Hg and Pb. PCA suggested a potential influence of post-harvest processing on Cr, Ti and V levels in commercially-acquired plant material compared to wild-collected and farm-grown plants. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between Pb-Bi, Be-V, Bi-Sn, and Tl-Mo occurrence. This study may support future research by providing both robust methodology and accompanying reference profile(s) suitable for the quality evaluation of essential elements and/or metal contaminants in botanical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara-Ruth Kenny
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
- Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Gavin Ring
- Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Aisling Sheehan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Michael A P Mc Auliffe
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis (CAPPA), Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Furey
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland.
- Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, T12 P928, Ireland.
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Papadopoulou EA, Giaki K, Angelis A, Skaltsounis AL, Aliferis KA. A Metabolomic Approach to Assess the Toxicity of the Olive Tree Endophyte Bacillus sp. PTA13 Lipopeptides to the Aquatic Macrophyte Lemna minor L. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090494. [PMID: 36136459 PMCID: PMC9505422 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent a major human input into the ecosystem, posing a serious risk to non-target organisms. Therefore, there is pressure toward the reduction in their use and the discovery of alternative sources of bioactivity. Endophytic microorganisms represent a source of bioactivity, whose potential for plant protection has been recently established. In this context, an olive tree endophytic Bacillus sp. was isolated, exhibiting superior antifungal activity, mainly attributed to its major surfactin, iturin, and fengycin and the minor gageotetrin and bacilotetrin groups of lipopeptides (LP). Based on the potential of LP and the lack of information on their toxicity to aquatic organisms, we have investigated the toxicity of an LP extract to the model macrophyte Lemna minor L. The extract exhibited low phytotoxicity (EC50 = 419 μg·mL-1), and for the investigation of its effect on the plant, GC/EI/MS metabolomics was applied following exposure to sub-lethal doses (EC25 and EC50). Results revealed a general disturbance of plants' biosynthetic capacity in response to LP treatments, with substantial effect on the amino acid pool and the defense mechanism regulated by jasmonate. There are no previous reports on the phytotoxicity of LP to L. minor, with evidence supporting their improved toxicological profile and potential in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Giaki
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Chaplygin V, Chernikova N, Fedorenko G, Fedorenko A, Minkina T, Nevidomskaya D, Mandzhieva S, Ghazaryan K, Movsesyan H, Beschetnikov V. Influence of soil pollution on the morphology of roots and leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:83-98. [PMID: 34050848 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of inorganic pollutants in the zone of industrial wastewater settling tanks (South of Russia) was studied. The levels of Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd were determined for Verbascum thapsus L., which are part of the mesophilic succession of wild plants in the studied technogenically polluted territory. The bioavailability of heavy metals (HM) for plants from transformed soils has been established. Anatomical and morphological features in the tissues of the plants affected by HM were analyzed using light-optical and electron microscopic methods. Contamination of the soil cover with Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd has been established with maximum content of Zn. It was revealed that the HM content in the V. thapsus plants exceeded the maximum permissible levels (Russian state standard): Zn by 23, Pb by 2, Cr by 31 and Cd by 3 times. The lower level of HM content in the inflorescences of mullein plants in comparison with the root system, stems and leaves indicates the resistance of generative organs to technogenic pollution. In the root and leaves of the V. thapsus, the anatomical and ultrastructural observation were carried out using light-optical and transmission electron microscopy. Changes in the ultrastructure of plants under the influence of anthropogenic impact have been revealed. The most significant changes of the ultrastructure of the polluted plants were found in the cell organelles of leaves (mitochondria, plastids, peroxisomes, etc.) including spatial transformation of the thylakoid system of plastids during the metal accumulation by plants, which may determine the mechanism of plant adaptation to technogenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chaplygin
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Chernikova
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | - Grigorii Fedorenko
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Dina Nevidomskaya
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vladimir Beschetnikov
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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Huang HY, Ren QQ, Lai YH, Peng MY, Zhang J, Yang LT, Huang ZR, Chen LS. Metabolomics combined with physiology and transcriptomics reveals how Citrus grandis leaves cope with copper-toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112579. [PMID: 34352583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on metabolic responses of plants to copper (Cu)-toxicity. Firstly, we investigated Cu-toxic effects on metabolomics, the levels of free amino acids, NH4+-N, NO3--N, total nitrogen, total soluble proteins, total phenolics, lignin, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde, and the activities of nitrogen-assimilatory enzymes in 'Shatian' pummelo (Citrus grandis) leaves. Then, a conjoint analysis of metabolomics, physiology and transcriptomics was performed. Herein, 59 upregulated [30 primary metabolites (PMs) and 29 secondary metabolites (SMs)] and 52 downregulated (31 PMs and 21 SMs) metabolites were identified in Cu-toxic leaves. The toxicity of Cu to leaves was related to the Cu-induced accumulation of NH4+ and decrease of nitrogen assimilation. Metabolomics combined with physiology and transcriptomics revealed some adaptive responses of C. grandis leaves to Cu-toxicity, including (a) enhancing tryptophan metabolism and the levels of some amino acids and derivatives (tryptophan, phenylalanine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, 5-oxoproline and GSH); (b) increasing the accumulation of carbohydrates and alcohols and upregulating tricarboxylic acid cycle and the levels of some organic acids and derivatives (chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, d-tartaric acid and gallic acid o-hexoside); (c) reducing phospholipid (lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) levels, increasing non-phosphate containing lipid [monoacylglycerol ester (acyl 18:2) isomer 1] levels, and inducing low-phosphate-responsive gene expression; and (d) triggering the biosynthesis of some chelators (total phenolics, lignin, l-trytamine, indole, eriodictyol C-hexoside, quercetin 5-O-malonylhexosyl-hexoside, N-caffeoyl agmatine, N'-p-coumaroyl agmatine, hydroxy-methoxycinnamate and protocatechuic acid o-glucoside) and vitamins and derivatives (nicotinic acid-hexoside, B1 and methyl nicotinate). Cu-induced upregulation of many antioxidants could not protect Cu-toxic leaves from oxidative damage. To conclude, our findings corroborated the hypothesis that extensive reprogramming of metabolites was carried out in Cu-toxic C. grandis leaves in order to cope with Cu-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yin-Hua Lai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-Yi Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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