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Li L, Chen Q, Cui S, Ishfaq M, Zhou L, Zhou X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Yu Y, Wu W. Exogenous Application of Amino Acids Alleviates Toxicity in Two Chinese Cabbage Cultivars by Modulating Cadmium Distribution and Reducing Its Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8478. [PMID: 39126047 PMCID: PMC11313598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants communicate underground by secreting multiple amino acids (AAs) through their roots, triggering defense mechanisms against cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the specific roles of the individual AAs in Cd translocation and detoxification remain unclear. This study investigated how exogenous AAs influence Cd movement from the roots to the shoots in Cd-resistant and Cd-sensitive Chinese cabbage cultivars (Jingcui 60 and 16-7 cultivars). The results showed that methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) reduced Cd concentrations in the shoots of Jingcui 60 by approximately 44% and 52%, and in 16-7 by approximately 43% and 32%, respectively, compared to plants treated with Cd alone. However, threonine (Thr) and aspartic acid (Asp) did not show similar effects. Subcellular Cd distribution analysis revealed that AA supplementation increased Cd uptake in the roots, with Jingcui 60 preferentially storing more Cd in the cell wall, whereas the 16-7 cultivar exhibited higher Cd concentrations in the organelles. Moreover, Met and Cys promoted the formation of Cd-phosphate in the roots of Jingcui 60 and Cd-oxalate in the 16-7 cultivar, respectively. Further analysis showed that exogenous Cys inhibited Cd transport to the xylem by downregulating the expression of HMA2 in the roots of both cultivars, and HMA4 in the 16-7 cultivar. These findings provide insights into the influence of exogenous AAs on Cd partitioning and detoxification in Chinese cabbage plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shihao Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Lin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xue Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanli Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.C.); (S.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 523758, China;
| | - Yifa Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Ping X, Ye Q, Yan M, Wang J, Zhang T, Chen S, Siddique KHM, Cowling WA, Li J, Liu L. Overexpression of BnaA10.WRKY75 Decreases Cadmium and Salt Tolerance via Increasing ROS Accumulation in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8002. [PMID: 39063244 PMCID: PMC11276826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25148002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil is indispensable for agricultural production but has been seriously polluted by cadmium and salt in recent years. Many crops are suffering from this, including rapeseed, the third largest global oilseed crop. However, genes simultaneously related to both cadmium and salt stress have not been extensively reported yet. In this study, BnaA10.WRKY75 was screened from previous RNA-seq data related to cadmium and salt stress and further analyses including sequence comparison, GUS staining, transformation and qRT-PCR were conducted to confirm its function. GUS staining and qRT-PCR results indicated BnaA10.WRKY75 was induced by CdCl2 and NaCl treatment. Sequence analysis suggested BnaA10.WRKY75 belongs to Group IIc of the WRKY gene family and transient expression assay showed it was a nuclear localized transcription factor. BnaA10.WRKY75-overexpressing Arabidopsis and rapeseed plants accumulated more H2O2 and O2- and were more sensitive to CdCl2 and NaCl treatment compared with untransformed plants, which may be caused by the downregulation of BnaC03.CAT2. Our study reported that BnaA10.WRKY75 increases sensitivity to cadmium and salt stress by disrupting the balance of reactive oxygen species both in Arabidopsis and rapeseed. The results support the further understanding of the mechanisms underlying cadmium and salt tolerance and provide BnaA10.WRKY75 as a valuable gene for rapeseed abiotic stress breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ping
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Qianjun Ye
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Taiyuan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Wallace A. Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Dai Y, Chen H, Li Y, Hui R, Zhang Z. Promising New Methods Based on the SOD Enzyme and SAUR36 Gene to Screen for Canola Materials with Heavy Metal Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38927321 PMCID: PMC11200428 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Canola is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China, although excessive levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic seriously affect its yield. Therefore, developing methods to identify canola materials with good heavy metal tolerance is a hot topic for canola breeding. In this study, canola near-isogenic lines with different oil contents (F338 (40.62%) and F335 (46.68%) as the control) and heavy metal tolerances were used as raw materials. In an experiment with 100 times the safe standard values, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of F335 were 32.02 mmol/mg and 71.84 mmol/mg, while the activities of F338 were 24.85 mmol/mg and 63.86 mmol/mg, exhibiting significant differences. The DEGs and DAPs in the MAPK signaling pathway of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and other related pathways were analyzed and verified using RT-qPCR. SAUR36 and SAUR32 were identified as the key differential genes. The expression of the SAUR36 gene in canola materials planted in the experimental field was significantly higher than in the control, and FY958 exhibited the largest difference (27.82 times). In this study, SOD and SAUR36 were found to be closely related to heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, they may be used to screen for new canola materials with good heavy metal stress tolerance for canola breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Yufang Li
- Hunan Cotton Science Institute, No. 3036 Shanjuan Road, Changde 415101, China;
| | - Rongkui Hui
- Hunan Province Institute of Agricultural Science, South of Hongyuan East Road, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
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Fatahi B, Sorkheh K, Sofo A. Deciphering the possible role of RNA-helicase genes mechanism in response to abiotic stresses in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38509484 PMCID: PMC10953219 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants mediate several defense mechanisms to withstand abiotic stresses. Several gene families respond to stress as well as multiple transcription factors to minimize abiotic stresses without minimizing their effects on performance potential. RNA helicase (RH) is one of the foremost critical gene families that can play an influential role in tolerating abiotic stresses in plants. However, little knowledge is present about this protein family in rapeseed (canola). Here, we performed a comprehensive survey analysis of the RH protein family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). RESULTS A total of 133 BnRHs genes have been discovered in this study. By phylogenetic analysis, RHs genes were divided into one main group and a subgroup. Examination of the chromosomal position of the identified genes showed that most of the genes (27%) were located on chromosome 3. All 133 identified sequences contained the main DEXDC domain, the HELICC domain, and a number of sub-domains. The results of biological process studies showed that about 17% of the proteins acted as RHs, 22% as ATP binding, and 14% as mRNA binding. Each part of the conserved motifs, communication network, and three-dimensional structure of the proteins were examined separately. The results showed that the RWC in leaf tissue decreased with higher levels of drought stress and in both root and leaf tissues sodium concentration was increased upon increased levels of salt stress treatments. The proline content were found to be increased in leaf and root with the increased level of stress treatment. Finally, the expression patterns of eight selected RHs genes that have been exposed to drought, salinity, cold, heat and cadmium stresses were investigated by qPCR. The results showed the effect of genes under stress. Examination of gene expression in the Hayola #4815 cultivar showed that all primers except primer #79 had less expression in both leaves and roots than the control level. CONCLUSIONS New finding from the study have been presented new insights for better understanding the function and possible mechanism of RH in response to abiotic stress in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Fatahi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O. Box 61355/144, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Karim Sorkheh
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O. Box 61355/144, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100, Matera, MT, Italy
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Huang Z, Meng S, Huang J, Zhou W, Song X, Hao P, Tang P, Cao Y, Zhang F, Li H, Tang Y, Sun B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Exogenous Selenium in Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Purple Flowering Stalks ( Brassica campestris var. purpuraria). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1800. [PMID: 38339079 PMCID: PMC10855379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, cadmium (Cd) stress has a significant role in limiting the development and productivity of purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria). Exogenous selenium supplementation has been demonstrated in earlier research to mitigate the effects of Cd stress in a range of plant species; nevertheless, the physiological and molecular processes by which exogenous selenium increases vegetable shoots' resistance to Cd stress remain unclear. Purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria) were chosen as the study subject to examine the effects of treatment with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the physiology and transcriptome alterations of cadmium stress. Purple flowering stalk leaves treated with exogenous selenium had higher glutathione content, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the leaves treated with Cd stress alone. Conversely, the contents of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, and intercellular CO2 concentration tended to decrease. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in the response of exogenous selenium treatment to Cd stress. The metabolic pathways associated with flavonoid production, carotenoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis were among those enriched in these differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we discovered DEGs connected to the production route of glucosinolates. This work sheds fresh light on how purple flowering stalks' tolerance to cadmium stress is improved by exogenous selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (S.M.); (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.S.); (P.H.); (Y.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (S.M.); (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.S.); (P.H.); (Y.C.); (H.L.)
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Li L, Wu W, Lin H, Zhou L, Zhang D, Ishfaq M, Zhong Y, Li B, Peng Y, Wu X, Yu Y, Li X, Chen Q. Amino acid application inhibits root-to-shoot cadmium translocation in Chinese cabbage by modulating pectin methyl-esterification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108401. [PMID: 38301327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The exogenous application of amino acids (AAs) generally alleviates cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants by altering their subcellular distribution. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying AA-mediated cell wall (CW) sequestration of Cd in Chinese cabbage remain unclear. Using two genotypes of Chinses cabbage, Jingcui 60 (Cd-tolerant) and 16-7 (Cd-sensitive), we characterized the root structure, subcellular distribution of Cd, CW component, and related gene expression under the Cd stress. Cysteine (Cys) supplementation led to a reduction in the Cd concentration in the shoots of Jingcui 60 and 16-7 by 65.09 % and 64.03 %, respectively. Addition of Cys alleviated leaf chlorosis in both cultivars by increasing Cd chelation in the root CW and reducing its distribution in the cytoplasm and organelles. We further demonstrated that Cys supplementation mediated the downregulation of PMEI1 expression and improving the activity of pectin methyl-esterase (PME) by 17.98 % and 25.52 % in both cultivars, respectively, compared to the Cd treatment, resulting in an approximate 12.00 %-14.70 % increase in Cd retention in pectin. In contrast, threonine (Thr) application did not significantly alter Cd distribution in the shoots of either cultivar. Taken together, our results suggest that Cys application reduces Cd root-to-shoot translocation by increasing Cd sequestration in the root CW through the downregulation of pectin methyl-esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Bingcheng Li
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 523758, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yifa Yu
- Nanning Harworld Biological Technology, Inc, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang Y, Chen L, Li Z, Duan S, Zhang X, Fang J, Xiao Y. The role of iron-rich organic fertilizer in promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage and inhibiting the transformation of cadmium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168430. [PMID: 37949134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The issue of heavy metal pollution caused by human production and living activities is progressively worsening. This study explored the effect of iron-rich organic fertilizer on the growth, quality, and cadmium (Cd) absorption of Chinese cabbage under Cd stress. The results showed that iron-rich organic fertilizer could increase the soluble protein content and root length of Chinese cabbage. Meanwhile, it could change the form of Cd to inhibit the enrichment of Cd in Chinese cabbage. The alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), total potassium (TK), organic matter (OM), and moisture content (MC) of the Z3 treatment group (2 % ferrous sulfate heptahydrate) were significantly higher than those of other treatment groups. The microbial network of Z3 was more complex than the other three groups. PICRUSt analysis and correlation analysis showed that the genes related to protein synthesis (e.g., glutathione S-transferase, zinc and Cd transporter, outer membrane protein, ArsR family transcriptional regulator, catalase, etc.) can also promote microbial absorption. This study aims to provide theoretical insights into soil Cd pollution immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihuan Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuyang Duan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Guo Z, Zeng P, Xiao X, Peng C. Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117387. [PMID: 34049160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p < 0.05) increased by 37.85%-40.87% and 36.63%-53.06% in 37.0-55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Lancíková V, Tomka M, Žiarovská J, Gažo J, Hricová A. Morphological Responses and Gene Expression of Grain Amaranth ( Amaranthus spp.) Growing under Cd. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050572. [PMID: 32365842 PMCID: PMC7285102 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytoremediation efficiency depends on the ability of plants to accumulate, translocate and resist high levels of metals without symptoms of toxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of grain amaranth for remediation of soils contaminated with Cd. Three grain amaranth varieties, “Pribina” (A. cruentus), “Zobor” (A. hypochondriacus x A. hybridus) and Plainsman (A. hypochondriacus x A. hybridus) were tested under different level of Cd (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L) in a hydroponic experimental treatment. All could be classified as Cd excluders or Cd-hypertolerant varieties able to grow and accumulate significant amounts of Cd from the hydroponic solution, preferentially in the roots. Under the highest level of Cd exposure, qRT-PCR expression analysis of five stress-related genes was examined in above- and below-ground biomass. The results show that the Cd concentration significantly increased the mRNA level of chitinase 5 (Chit 5) in amaranth roots as the primary site of metal stress. The involvement of phytochelatin synthase (PCS1) in Cd detoxification is suggested. Based on our findings, we can conclude that variety “Pribina” is the most Cd-tolerant among three tested and can be expected to be used in the phytomanagement of Cd loaded soils as an effective phytostabiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lancíková
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra 95007, Slovakia;
| | - Marián Tomka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (J.G.)
| | - Ján Gažo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (J.G.)
| | - Andrea Hricová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra 95007, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
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Lohani N, Jain D, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Engineering Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Canola, Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32161602 PMCID: PMC7052498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of climate change like global warming, drought, flooding, and other extreme events are posing severe challenges to global crop production. Contribution of Brassica napus towards the oilseed industry makes it an essential component of international trade and agroeconomics. Consequences from increasing occurrences of multiple abiotic stresses on this crop are leading to agroeconomic losses making it vital to endow B. napus crop with an ability to survive and maintain yield when faced with simultaneous exposure to multiple abiotic stresses. For an improved understanding of the stress sensing machinery, there is a need for analyzing regulatory pathways of multiple stress-responsive genes and other regulatory elements such as non-coding RNAs. However, our understanding of these pathways and their interactions in B. napus is far from complete. This review outlines the current knowledge of stress-responsive genes and their role in imparting multiple stress tolerance in B. napus. Analysis of network cross-talk through omics data mining is now making it possible to unravel the underlying complexity required for stress sensing and signaling in plants. Novel biotechnological approaches such as transgene-free genome editing and utilization of nanoparticles as gene delivery tools are also discussed. These can contribute to providing solutions for developing climate change resilient B. napus varieties with reduced regulatory limitations. The potential ability of synthetic biology to engineer and modify networks through fine-tuning of stress regulatory elements for plant responses to stress adaption is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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