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Hassan I, Al-Tamimi J, Ebaid H, Habila MA, Alhazza IM, Rady AM. Silver Nanoparticles Decorated with Curcumin Enhance the Efficacy of Metformin in Diabetic Rats via Suppression of Hepatotoxicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:867. [PMID: 37888717 PMCID: PMC10611133 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the significant side effects of chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) besides nephrotoxicity and pancreatitis. The management of this disease is much dependent on the restoration of the liver to its maximum functionality, as it is the central metabolic organ that gets severely affected during chronic diabetes. The present study investigates if the silver nanoparticles decorated with curcumin (AgNP-Cur) can enhance the efficacy of metformin (a conventional antidiabetic drug) by countering the drug-induced hepatoxicity. Swiss albino rats were categorized into six treatment groups (n = 6): control (group I without any treatment), the remaining five groups (group II, IV, V, VI) were DM-induced by streptozocin. Group II was untreated diabetic positive control, whereas groups III was administered with AgNP-cur (5 mg/kg). Diabetic group IV treated with metformin while V and VI were treated with metformin in a combination of the two doses of NPs (5 and 10 mg/kg) according to the treatment schedule. Biochemical and histological analysis of blood and liver samples were conducted after the treatment. The groups V and VI treated with the combination exhibited remarkable improvement in fasting glucose, lipid profile (HDL and cholesterol), liver function tests (AST, ALT), toxicity markers (GGT, GST and LDH), and redox markers (GSH, MDA and CAT) in comparison to group II in most of the parameters. Histological evaluation and comet assay further consolidate these biochemical results, pleading the restoration of the cellular structure of the target tissues and their nuclear DNA. Therefore, the present study shows that the NPs can enhance the anti-diabetic action by suppression of the drug-mediated hepatoxicity via relieving from oxidative stress, toxic burden and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.-T.); (H.E.); (I.M.A.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.-T.); (H.E.); (I.M.A.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.-T.); (H.E.); (I.M.A.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Mohamed A. Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.-T.); (H.E.); (I.M.A.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ahmed M. Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.-T.); (H.E.); (I.M.A.); (A.M.R.)
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Alhazza IM, Hassan I, Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Hasan Z. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Blunt Potassium-Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity by Reinforcing the Redox System. Molecules 2023; 28:5084. [PMID: 37446744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a general food additive, a significant by-product during water disinfection, and a carcinogen (Class II B). The compound emits toxicity depending on the extent of its exposure and dose through consumable items. The current study targeted disclosing the ameliorative efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by green technology in PB-exposed Swiss albino rats. The rats were separated into six treatment groups: control without any treatment (Group I), PB alone (Group II), ZnO alone (Group III), ZnO NP alone (Group IV), PB + ZnO (Group V), and PB + ZnO NPs (Group VI). The blood and kidney samples were retrieved from the animals after following the treatment plan and kept at -20 °C until further analysis. Contrary to the control (Group I), PB-treated rats (Group II) exhibited a prominent trend in alteration in the established kidney function markers and disturbed redox status. Further, the analysis of the tissue and nuclear DNA also reinforced the biochemical results of the same treatment group. Hitherto, Groups III and IV also showed moderate toxic insults. However, Group VI showed a significant improvement from the PB-induced toxic insults compared to Group II. Hence, the present study revealed the significant therapeutic potential of the NPs against PB-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, pleading for their usage in medicines having nephrotoxicity as a side effect or in enhancing the safety of the industrial use of PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafrul Hasan
- College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ncheuveu Nkwatoh T, Fon TP, Navti LK. Potassium bromate in bread, health risks to bread consumers and toxicity symptoms amongst bakers in Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13146. [PMID: 36747561 PMCID: PMC9898660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence of potassium bromate in bread, its overall health risks to bread consumers, and its toxicity symptoms amongst bakers in Bamenda. Thirteen bakeries were included in a cross-sectional survey to gather information about the quantities of bread produced and the symptoms of potassium-bromated toxicity experienced by bakers during baking. The concentration of potassium bromate in the most consumed bread types was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The hazard quotient and hazard ratio were computed for each bread type to determine its chemical and carcinogenic risks. Results showed that all bakers had experienced symptoms of potassium bromate toxicity, and painful eyes, cough, diarrhea, and sore throat were the most recurrent symptoms of toxicity. The concentration of potassium bromate in all bread samples (100%) ranged from 48.50 mg/kg to 10148.50 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum acceptable limits by 9-203 times the dose (50 mg/kg) recommended by Food and Drug Administration. There was no significant difference (p = 0.109) in potassium bromate concentration between bread types, and simple bread, milk bread, and French bread had the highest concentration of potassium bromate. The chronic hazard quotient ranged from 277.93 to 2459.36, and the hazard ratio ranged from 251434.30 to 32862.86, indicative of possible chemical and carcinogenic risks after prolonged regular consumption. From the hazard ratios, the chances of having cancer from an average daily consumption of either simple bread or milk bread, or French bread are approximately 290,000 in 1,000,000 or 220,000 in 1,000,000 or 190,000 in 1,000,000. Thus regulatory authorities need to monitor, control or prohibit the use of potassium bromate as a flour additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Ncheuveu Nkwatoh
- Department of Microbiology, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda P.O. 782, Big Mankon, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon,Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang (CRESA Forêt-Bois), Cameroon,Corresponding author. Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda P.O. Box 782, Big Mankon Bamenda, Cameroon. ,
| | - Tayebatu Percline Fon
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda P.O. 782, Big Mankon, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Lifoter Kenneth Navti
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Bamenda (UBa), P.O. Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
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Implication of Nanoparticles to Combat Chronic Liver andKidney Diseases: Progress and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101337. [PMID: 36291548 PMCID: PMC9599274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver and kidney diseases are the most frequently encountered problems around the globe. Damage to the liver and kidney may occur as a result of exposure to various drugs, chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, leading to severe disease conditions such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, acute kidney injury, and liver and renal failure. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has emerged as a rapidly developing field of study in terms of safe delivery of various medications to target organs with minimal side effects. Due to their physical characteristics, NPs have inherent pharmacological effects, and an accidental buildup can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the liver and kidney. By suppressing the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, NPs are known to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, NPs have demonstrated their ability to operate as an antioxidant, squelching the generation of ROS caused by substances that cause oxidative stress. Finally, because of their pro-oxidant properties, they are also known to increase the level of ROS, which causes malignant liver and kidney cells to undergo apoptosis. As a result, NPs can be regarded as a double-edged sword whose inherent therapeutic benefits can be refined as we work to comprehend them in terms of their toxicity.
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Ullah O, Shah M, Rehman NU, Ullah S, Al-Sabahi JN, Alam T, Khan A, Khan NA, Rafiq N, Bilal S, Al-Harrasi A. Aroma Profile and Biological Effects of Ochradenus arabicus Essential Oils: A Comparative Study of Stem, Flowers, and Leaves. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165197. [PMID: 36014440 PMCID: PMC9414473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present analysis explores the chemical constituents and determines the in vitro antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant significance of the essential oils (EOs) of the stem, leaves, and flowers of Ochradenus arabicus for the first time. The EOs of the flowers presented seventy-four constituents contributing to 81.46% of the total EOs, with the major compounds being 24-norursa-3,12-diene (13.06%), 24-norursa-3,12-dien-11-one (6.61%), and 24-noroleana-3,12-diene (6.25%). The stem EOs with sixty-one compounds contributed 95.95% of the total oil, whose main bioactive compounds were (+)-camphene (21.50%), eremophilene (5.87%), and δ-selinene (5.03%), while a minimum of fifty-one compounds in the leaves’ EOs (98.75%) were found, with the main constituents being n-hexadecanoic acid (12.32%), octacosane (8.62%), tetradecanoic acid (8.54%), and prehydro fersenyl acetone (7.27%). The antimicrobial activity of the EOs of O. arabicus stem, leaves, and flowers was assessed against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Penicillium simplicissimum and Rhizoctonia solani) via the disc diffusion assay. However, the EOs extracted from the stem were found effective against one bacterial strain, E. coli, and one fungal strain, R. Solani, among the examined microbes in comparison to the standard and negative control. The tested EOs samples of the O. arabicus stem displayed a maximum potential to cure diabetes with an IC50 = 0.40 ± 0.10 µg/mL, followed by leaves and flowers with an IC50 = 0.71 ± 0.11 µg/mL and IC50 = 10.57 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 377.26 ± 1.20 µg/mL). In addition, the EOs of O. arabicus flowers had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 106.40 ± 0.19 µg/mL) as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 73.20 ± 0.17 µg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In the ABTS assay, the EOs of the same sample (flower) depicted the utmost potential to scavenge the free radicals with an IC50 = 178.0 ± 0.14 µg/mL as compared with the ascorbic acid, having an IC50 of 87.34 ± 0.10 µg/mL the using 2,2-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The EOs of all parts of O. arabicus have useful bioactive components due to which they present antidiabetic and antioxidant significance. Furthermore, additional investigations are considered necessary to expose the responsible components of the examined biological capabilities, which would be effective in the production of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Medical Research Center, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Tanveer Alam
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Nasir Ali Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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Shehata AM, Salem FMS, El-Saied EM, Abd El-Rahman SS, Mahmoud MY, Noshy PA. Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effect of Zinc Nanoparticles against Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicity in Liver and Kidney of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1201-1211. [PMID: 33855683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element, a strong antioxidant, and has a primary role in gene expression, enzymatic reactions, and protein synthesis. The present study aims to explore the toxic effects of Ag-NPs (50 nm) on the liver and kidney of rats and also to evaluate the potential protective effect of Zn-NPs (100 nm) against these adverse effects. Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control group, Ag-NPs group, Zn-NPs group, and Ag-NPs + Zn-NPs group. Ag-NPs (50 mg/kg) and/or Zn-NPs (30 mg/kg) were administered daily by gavage for 90 days. The results showed that exposure to Ag-NPs increased serum ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine. Ag-NPs also induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and increased inflammatory cytokines in hepatic and renal tissues. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed various histological alterations and positive caspase-3 expressions in the liver and kidney following exposure to Ag-NPs. On the other hand, most of these toxic effects were ameliorated by co-administration of Zn-NPs. It was concluded that Ag-NPs have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in rats via different mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and that Zn-NPs can be used to alleviate these harmful effects by their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Shehata
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M S Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Amelioration of indole acetic acid-induced cytotoxicity in mice using zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized with Ochradenus arabicus leaf extract. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7190-7201. [PMID: 34867022 PMCID: PMC8626273 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of natural phytochemicals represents an unlimited source for discovery and development of new drugs. Ochradenus arabicus, (family: Resedaceae) a notable medicinal plant displays a high content of flavonoid glycosides. This study investigates a possible preventative role of zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized by O. arabicus leaf extracts (OAZnO NPs) in limiting genotoxicity and cytotoxicity caused by indole acetic acid (IAA) in laboratory mice. ZnO NPs were synthesized using O. arabicus leaf extracts and characterized with UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The mice were randomly distributed into the following six groups: control, OAZnO NPs treated (10 mg/kg BW), IAA treated (50 mg/kg BW); simultaneous treatment, pre-treatment, and post-treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, chromosome aberration, and apoptosis were analyzed as toxicity endpoints. IAA exposure significantly induced production of ROS, DNA damage, apoptosis, chromosome aberrations, and micronuclei. Pre-, post-, and simultaneous treatment with OAZnO NPs ameliorated the damage caused by IAA exposure. Exposure to OAZnO NPs alone caused no toxicity for any endpoint based on comparison to controls. This study demonstrated that IAA-induced cytotoxic damage in mice could be ameliorated by treatment with OAZnO NPs. These findings require additional verification in mechanistic and in vitro studies.
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Alharbi W, Hassan I, Khan RA, Parveen S, Alharbi KH, Bin Sharfan II, Alhazza IM, Ebaid H, Alsalme A. Bioactive Tryptophan-Based Copper Complex with Auxiliary β-Carboline Spectacle Potential on Human Breast Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:1606. [PMID: 33799355 PMCID: PMC8001361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible tryptophan-derived copper (1) and zinc (2) complexes with norharmane (β-carboline) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the potential anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro cytotoxicity of both complexes 1 and 2 were assessed against two cancerous cells: (human breast cancer) MCF7 and (liver hepatocellular cancer) HepG2 cells with a non-tumorigenic: (human embryonic kidney) HEK293 cells. The results exhibited a potentially decent selectivity of 1 against MCF7 cells with an IC50 value of 7.8 ± 0.4 μM compared to 2 (less active, IC50 ~ 20 μM). Furthermore, we analyzed the level of glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and visualized ROS generation to get an insight into the mechanistic pathway and witnessed oxidative stress. These in vitro results were ascertained by in vivo experiments, which also supported the free radical-mediated oxidative stress. The comet assay confirmed the oxidative stress that leads to DNA damage. The histopathology of the liver also ascertained the low toxicity of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, 46423 Yanbu, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khadijah H. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibtisam I. Bin Sharfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.H.); (I.M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (A.A.)
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Alhazza IM, Hassan I, Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Alwasel SH. Chemopreventive effect of riboflavin on the potassium bromate-induced renal toxicity in vivo. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2355-2364. [PMID: 32666286 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a general food additive, flavor enhancer, a by-product of water disinfection, and a class 2 carcinogen. It exerts various toxic effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vivo. This study is to explore the chemopreventive efficacy of vitamin B2 (riboflavin, RF) in PB-administered Swiss albino rats. The rats were distributed into five groups: control (group 1), PB alone (group 2, 150 mg/kg), RF alone (group 3, 2 mg/kg), PB + RF1 (group 4, 150 and 2 mg/kg), and PB + RF2 (group 5, 150 and 4 mg/kg). All the rodents were sacrificed after the completion of the treatment cycle. Then, blood and kidney samples were subjected to biochemical analysis. Group 2 demonstrated vivid signs of renal toxicities evidenced by altered renal function markers (urea, creatinine, albumin, glutathione-S-transferase) and redox status parameters (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, lipid, and protein oxidation products). However, group 3 exhibited a slight alteration in many of the parameters while groups 4 and 5 demonstrated dose-dependent chemopreventive efficiency of RF against PB-induced alterations. Besides, RF seemed to facilitate apoptosis as well as inhibition of the necrosis in the PB-pre-challenged groups, as demonstrated by the cleaved PARP and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Also, the histopathological analysis and comet assay validate the biochemical results of the treatment groups significantly. All these results plead that RF has a significant chemopreventive property against PB-induced toxicity in vivo. Therefore, RF is a suitable agent in preventing the PB-induced toxicities at the clinical and industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Building 05, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Building 05, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Building 05, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Building 05, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Building 05, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Öztürk G, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Dose-response analysis of potassium bromate-induced toxicity in Allium cepa L. meristematic cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43312-43321. [PMID: 32737776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the toxic effects of potassium bromate (KBrO3) were tested on Allium cepa L. meristematic cells. In order to determine the toxic effect and dose relationship, KBrO3 toxicity was investigated at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/L. The toxic effects were evaluated by using cytogenetic, biochemical, anatomical, and physiological parameters, and serious damages were observed depending on the dose. Significant reductions in germination percentage, weight gain, and radicle length were observed in all KBrO3-treated groups compared with the control. Mitotic activity decreased in meristematic cells after KBrO3 application. and mitotic index was decreased by 1.8 times in 100 mg/L KBrO3-treated group compared with the control group. The frequencies of micronucleus and chromosomal abnormalities tested as cytogenetic parameters were significantly higher in the group treated with 100 mg/L KBrO3 than those in the control group. Fragment and sticky chromosome were the most common types of chromosomal abnormalities. Lipid peroxidation measured in terms of MDA content increased with increasing doses of KBrO3. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase as antioxidant enzymes were importantly changed in KBrO3-treated groups. Anatomical changes such as cell deformation, substance accumulation, cell wall thickening, and flattened nucleus were determined after KBrO3 application, and it was observed that these changes reached a maximum level at 100 mg/L dose of KBrO3. As a result, KBrO3 treatments were been found to cause physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and anatomically toxic effects in meristematic cells of A. cepa, a eukaryotic model organism. The versatile toxicity induced by KBrO3 increased depending on the dose and reached a maximum level at 100 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
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11
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Boey A, Ho HK. All Roads Lead to the Liver: Metal Nanoparticles and Their Implications for Liver Health. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000153. [PMID: 32163668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently encountered in daily life, and concerns have been raised about their toxicity and safety. Among which, they naturally accumulate in the liver after introduction into the body, independent of the route of administration. Some NPs exhibit intrinsic pharmaceutical effects that are related to their physical parameters, and their inadvertent accumulation in the liver can exert strong effects on liver function and structure. Even as such physiological consequences are often categorically dismissed as toxic and deleterious, there are cell type-specific and NP-specific biological responses that elicit distinctive pharmacological consequences that can be harnessed for good. By limiting the scope of discussion to metallic NPs, this work attempts to provide a balanced perspective on their safety in the liver, and discusses both possible therapeutic benefits and potential accidental liver damage arising from their interaction with specific parenchymal and nonparenchymal cell types in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Boey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
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12
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Keerthana S, Kumar A. Potential risks and benefits of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:47-71. [PMID: 32186437 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1726282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Keerthana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Kashef SMI, El Hafez AAAA, Sarhan NI, El-Shal AWO, Ata MM, Ashour AS, Dey N, Abd Elnaby MM, Sherratt RS. Automated image analysis system for renal filtration barrier integrity of potassium bromate treated adult male albino rat. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 79:7559-7575. [DOI: 10.1007/s11042-019-08589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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14
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Yu L, Lu M, Zhang W, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Zhang H. Ameliorative effect of Albizia chinensis synthesized ZnO-NPs on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected pneumonia mice model. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103960. [PMID: 31953224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among the children and adults that results upper and lower respiratory tract infections. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to inspect the ameliorative action of A. chinensis synthesized ZnONPs against M. pneumoniae infected pneumonia mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZnO NPs was synthesized from Albizia chinensis bark extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analyses. The antibacterial effectual of synthesized ZnONPs were examined against clinical pathogens. The pneumonia was induced to BALB/c mice via injecting the M. pneumoniae and treated with synthesized ZnONPs, followed by the total protein content, total cell counts and inflammatory mediators level was assessed in the BALF of experimental animals. The Histopathological investigation was done in the lung tissues of test animals. RESULTS The outcomes of this work revealed that the formulated ZnONPs was quasi-spherical, radial and cylindrical; the size was identified as 116.5 ± 27.45 nm in diameter. The in vitro antimicrobial potential of formulated ZnO-NPs displayed noticeable inhibitory capacity against the tested fungal and bacterial strains. The administration of synthesized ZnO-NPs in MP infected mice model has significantly reduced the levels of total protein, inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and transforming growth factor (TGF). Besides, the histopathological examination of MP infected mice lung tissue showed the cellular arrangements were effectively retained after administration of synthesized ZnO-NPs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, synthesized ZnO-NPs alleviate pneumonia progression via reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in MP infected mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256610, China
| | - Man Lu
- Department of Child Health Division, Taian City Central Hospital, No. 29, Longtan Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Innoscience Research Sdn Bhd, Jalan USJ 25/1, 47650, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman H Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haixian Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Shanmugavel V, Komala Santhi K, Kurup AH, Kalakandan S, Anandharaj A, Rawson A. Potassium bromate: Effects on bread components, health, environment and method of analysis: A review. Food Chem 2019; 311:125964. [PMID: 31865111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate, is an oxidizing agent and one of the best and cheapest dough improvers in the baking industry. Due to its positive effects it plays a major role in the bread-making industry. Potassium bromate has significant effect on food biomolecules, such as starch and protein, as it affects the extent of gelatinization, viscosity, swelling characteristics as well as gluten proteins; it removes the sulfhydryl group and leads to the formation of disulfide linkages and thus improves the bread properties. However, there are many reports elucidating its negative impact on human health. It is deemed as a potential human carcinogen by IARC and classified under class 2B. Due to this, countries across world have either partially or completely banned it. Numerous techniques have evolved to determine the concentration of potassium bromate in bread. This review explains in detail, the effects of potassium bromate on biomolecules, human health, environment and various methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Shanmugavel
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kotturu Komala Santhi
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjali H Kurup
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshkumar Kalakandan
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Anandharaj
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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