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Valsalam A, Bedekar MK, Kezhedath J, Sood N, Poojary N, Namdeo MS, Shrivastava N, Rajendran KV. Isolation, in vitro, and in vivo pathogenicity test of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and development of a prognostic semi-quantitative lesion scoring system for differentiating clinical/subclinical infection in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106475. [PMID: 38048839 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus ('TiLV-MH-2022') was recently recovered from the naturally infected farmed tilapia. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using segment 1 specific primers, followed by Sanger sequencing, confirmed the infection. The pairwise sequence homology of segment 1 showed its close relationship with the previous isolates. The virus was successfully detected from the mucus, which emphasised the possibility of non-invasive screening of tilapia on a large scale. The virus inoculum prepared from the infected tissues was tested for in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity. Around 100-140 nm-sized electron-dense virus particles were observed in the infected OnlL cells. Based on the onset of symptoms and lesions, all RT-PCR-positive fish were categorised into two groups, 'clinical' and 'subclinical'. A lesion-scoring technique was developed for assessing the pathogenicity of the virus isolate. The external and internal gross lesions and histopathological alterations in the critical organs of the fish, such as the brain, kidney, gills, and liver, were assessed on a scale of 0 (no gross lesion) to 5 (most severe lesions). Overall lesion score was significantly high in the clinical and subclinical groups for gross and histopathology, respectively. This study is the first such attempt to standardise a semi-quantitative lesion scoring technique for TiLV infection, which establishes a clinical relevance and prognostic ability to distinguish between the apparent and inapparent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Valsalam
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Jeena Kezhedath
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Nidhi Shrivastava
- College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, MHOW (NDVSU, Jabalpur), India
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El-Kassas S, Aljahdali N, Abdo SE, Alaryani FS, Moustafa EM, Mohamed R, Abosheashaa W, Abdulraouf E, Helal MA, Shafi ME, El-Saadony MT, El-Naggar K, Conte-Junior CA. Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Dietary Inclusion Differentially Modulates the Antioxidant, Inflammatory, and Histopathological Responses of Normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Mono-Sex Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918933. [PMID: 35812877 PMCID: PMC9260175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dietary inclusion on the antioxidant and innate immune responses of mono-sex Nile tilapia fingerlings. A total of 180 fingerlings were allocated in a random method into three groups with triplicate each. One group (1st group) received the control diet (basal diet (BD) free of moringa) and the other groups (2nd and 3rd) fed BD containing M. oleifera leaf powder at 5 and 10% of the diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, fish were randomly redistributed into four replicates and rested for 24 h. Then, each fish in the first two replicates was injected with 0.2 mL of PBS, while the others were injected with 0.2 mL of A. hydrophila suspension (1.8 × 106 CFU/mL). Healthy fish fed on M. oleifera leaf powder showed enhanced immune response manifested by significant increases in phagocytic and lysozyme activities with a marked H/L ratio (P < 0.05). In addition, significant alterations of the lymphocytic and heterophilic population in circulation with increasing infiltration in tissue such as the spleen were noticed. Also, M. oleifera significantly upregulated the antioxidants, CAT and GPx, proinflammatory cytokines, IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ relative mRNA levels. On the other hand, following A. hydrophila challenging conditions, M. oleifera caused downregulations of IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ transcription levels, and also lowered the CAT and GPx mRNA levels. In addition, a marked reduction of leukocytic infiltration plus a significant improvement of the degenerative changes in intestinal architecture has occurred. So, M. oleifera leaf powder can be included in the fish diet to enhance immune response under normal health conditions and lower the infection-associated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham El-Kassas
- 1Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt,*Correspondence: Seham El-Kassas
| | - Nesreen Aljahdali
- 2Department of Biological Science, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa E. Abdo
- 3Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fatima S. Alaryani
- 4Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Moustafa
- 5Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Radi Mohamed
- 6Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wesam Abosheashaa
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Esraa Abdulraouf
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef Helal
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- 8Department of Biological Science, Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Manal E. Shafi
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- 9Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- 10Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- 11Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abdel-Latif HM, El-Ashram S, Sayed AEDH, Alagawany M, Shukry M, Dawood MA, Kucharczyk D. Elucidating the ameliorative effects of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and several microalgal species against the negative impacts of the aquatic contaminants in freshwater fish: A review. AQUACULTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Eissa AE, Abu‐Seida AM, Ismail MM, Abu‐Elala NM, Abdelsalam M. A comprehensive overview of the most common skeletal deformities in fish. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E. Eissa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. Abu‐Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ismail
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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