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Han L, Fang K, You X, Li Y, Wang X, Wang J. Earthworms synergize with indigenous soil functional microorganisms to accelerate the preferential degradation of the highly toxic S-enantiomer of the fungicide imazalil in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131778. [PMID: 37290354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The roles of soil and earthworm gut microorganisms in the degradation of the chiral fungicide imazalil (IMA) enantiomers were systemically studied in soil-earthworm systems. S-IMA degraded slower than R-IMA in soil without earthworms. After the addition of earthworms, S-IMA degraded faster than R-IMA. Methylibium was the potential degradative bacterium likely related to the preferential degradation of R-IMA in soil. However, the addition of earthworms significantly decreased the relative abundance of Methylibium, especially in R-IMA-treated soil. Meanwhile, a new potential degradative bacterium Aeromonas first appeared in soil-earthworm systems. Compared with enantiomer-treated soil, the relative abundance of indigenous soil bacterium Kaistobacter significantly boomed in enantiomer-treated soil with earthworms. Interestingly, Kaistobacter in the earthworm gut also obviously increased after exposure to enantiomers, particularly in S-IMA-treated soil, which was associated with the significant increase in Kaistobacter in soil. More importantly, the relative abundances of Aeromonas and Kaistobacter in S-IMA-treated soil were obviously higher than those in R-IMA-treated soil after the addition of earthworms. Moreover, these two potential degradative bacteria were also potential bacterial hosts of the biodegradation genes p450 and bph. Collectively, gut microorganisms are important helpers in soil pollution remediation by participating in the preferential degradation of S-IMA mediated by indigenous soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiangwei You
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
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2
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Wagh MS, Sivarajan S, Osborne WJ. A new paradigm in the bioremoval of lead, nickel, and cadmium using a cocktail of biosystems: a metagenomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58967-58985. [PMID: 37002522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) are known for its harmful effects on the environment. Microbial community related to soil plays a pivotal role in configuring several properties of the ecosystem. Thus, remediation of such heavy metals using multiple biosystems had shown excellent bioremoval potential. The current study demonstrates the integrated approach of Chrysopogon zizanioides in combination with earthworm Eisenia fetida augmented with VITMSJ3 potent strain for the uptake of metals like Pb, Ni, and Cd from the contaminated soil. For the uptake of heavy metals, Pb, Ni, and Cd with the concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg kg-1 were supplemented in pots with plants and earthworms. C. zizanioides was used for bioremoval due to their massive fibrous root system which can absorb heavy metals. A substantial increase of 70-80% Pb, Ni, and Cd was found for VITMSJ3 augmented setup. A total of 12 earthworms were introduced in each setup and were tested for the toxicity and damages in the various internal structures. Reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed in the earthworms with VITMSJ3 strain proving less toxicity and damages. Metagenomic analysis of the soil associated bacterial diversity was assessed by amplifying the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the annotations were studied. Firmicutes were found to be the predominant genus with 56.65% abundance in the bioaugmented soil R (60) proving the detoxification of metals in the bioaugmented soil. Our study proved that a synergistic effect of plant and earthworm in association with potent bacterial strain had higher uptake of Pb, Ni, and Cd. Metagenomic analysis revealed the changes in microbial abundance in the soil before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Subhash Wagh
- Biomolecules Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India
| | - Saravanan Sivarajan
- GIS and Remote Sensing Laboratory, VIT- School of Agricultural Innovation and Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India
| | - William Jabez Osborne
- Biomolecules Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India.
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Sun L, Gong P, Song K, Sun Y, Qin Q, Zhang H, Lv W, Xue Y. Combination application of elemental sulfur and earthworm increased the lead (Pb) uptake by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in contaminated agricultural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23315-23322. [PMID: 34807382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation efficiency is largely depends on the bioavailability of heavy metal in soil. The activity of earthworms and oxidation of elemental sulfur (S0) in soil has influence on heavy metal speciation transformation in soil. By conducting pot experiment, we examined the possibility of enhancing phytoextraction efficiency of lead (Pb) in soil by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with application of both S0 and earthworms. Results showed that the addition of S0 decreased soil pH and increased soil CEC, while a slight trend of decrease for soil pH and increase for CEC was found with earthworm application. In soil treated with earthworms, the addition of S0 increased the concentration of DTPA-extractable Pb by 9.9~20.8%. The concentration of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT)-extractable Pb was increased by 26.31~32.9% with S0 and earthworm addition. In soil treated with earthworms, the addition of S0 increased the concentration of Pb in shoots of ryegrass by 55.7~110.4% and the translocation factor of Pb in ryegrass was also increased by S0 addition. Our results suggested that the combination application of earthworms and S0 could be an effective way to enhance the remediation efficiency of ryegrass for Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Peiyun Gong
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Ke Song
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Qin Qin
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Weiguang Lv
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yong Xue
- ECO-Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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4
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Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Han L, Fang K, Liu Y, Fang J, Wang F, Wang X. Earthworms accelerated the degradation of the highly toxic acetochlor S-enantiomer by stimulating soil microbiota in repeatedly treated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126669. [PMID: 34329120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of earthworms on the enantioselective degradation of chloroacetamide herbicide acetochlor with soil microorganisms in repeatedly treated soils. The S-enantiomer degraded more slowly and exerted stronger inhibition on soil microbial functions than the R-enantiomer in single soil system. A synergistic effect was observed between soil microorganisms and earthworms that accelerated the degradation of both the enantiomers, particularly the highly toxic S-enantiomer, which resulted in the preferential degradation of S-enantiomer in soil-earthworm system. Earthworms stimulated five potential indigenous degraders (i.e. Lysobacter, Kaistobacter, Flavobacterium, Arenimonas, and Aquicell), induced two new potential degraders (i.e. Aeromonas and Algoriphagus), and also significantly strengthened the correlations among these seven dominant potential degraders and other microorganisms. Notably, the relative abundances of Flavobacterium and Aeromonas in soil treated with earthworms for S-enantiomer were higher than those for R-enantiomer. Furthermore, earthworms significantly stimulated overall soil microbial activity and improved three microbial metabolic pathways, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, signal transduction, cell motility, particularly for the S-enantiomer treatment with earthworms, which alleviated the strong inhibition of S-enantiomer on microbial community functions. This study confirmed that earthworms accelerated the degradation of the highly toxic acetochlor S-enantiomer in soil, providing a potential approach in chloroacetamide herbicide-polluted soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Han
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Jianwei Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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Xiao R, Liu X, Ali A, Chen A, Zhang M, Li R, Chang H, Zhang Z. Bioremediation of Cd-spiked soil using earthworms (Eisenia fetida): Enhancement with biochar and Bacillus megatherium application. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128517. [PMID: 33049509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the influence of biochar and Bacillus megatherium on Cd removal from artificially contaminated soils using earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Within a 35-days remediation period, over 30% of Cd was removed by earthworms from the contaminated soil (with Cd at ∼ 2.5 mg kg-1), and both additives facilitated Cd removal. Additionally, over 22% reduction in the extractable Cd contents was also achieved by earthworms. Cd accumulated in earthworms steadily increased through remediation, and the accumulated Cd decreased in the order of earthworm + biochar (T3) > earthworm + Bacillus megatherium (T4) > earthworm alone (T2). The bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were above 1, indicating the enrichment of Cd in earthworms, and there were higher BCF for both T4 (944%) and T3 (845%). The ingestion of metal-bonded biochar particle and the elevated Cd mobility would be the main reason for the enhanced Cd-remediation by earthworms under T3 and T4, respectively. Through remediation, microbiota communities in both, soil and earthworm guts, demonstrated high similarity, while a lower level of bacterial abundance was observed in earthworm guts compared with that in soils. Eventually, soils became more fertile and demonstrated higher enzyme activities after remediation. Therefore, we concluded that earthworm, alone or combined with biochar or Bacillus megatherium could be an alternative method for Cd-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muyuan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chang
- College of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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7
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Lai C, Li D, Qin J, Li J, Yan Z, Chen G, Li H. The migration of cadmium and lead in soil columns and their bioaccumulation in a multi-species soil system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127718. [PMID: 32763573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A soil microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the transfer of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a multi-species soil system (MS·3). Red earth from Jiangxi (S1), fluvo-aquic soil from Henan (S2), fluvo-aquic soil from Beijing (S3), and black soil from Heilongjiang (S4) were used for soil column packing with S1, S3, or S4 as the 20-50 cm layer and S2, which was Cd- and Pb-contaminated, as the top 0-20 cm layer. For each soil combination, four treatments were set up: CK (no wheat and no earthworm), W (only wheat), E (only earthworm), and E + W (earthworm and wheat). The results showed that the coexistence of earthworm with wheat reduced Cd and Pb contents in wheat plants and earthworms, and increased plant biomass, but had no significant effect on the survival rate and mean weight change rate of earthworms. Total Cd and Pb decreased remarkably in the 0-20 cm layer while increased in the 20-50 cm layer, and approximately 32.8%-51.1% of Cd and 0.35%-7.0% of Pb migrated down into the 20-50 cm soil layers from the 0-20 cm soil layers. The migration varied between the treatments from S2 to S1, S2, and S3. In S2-S1 and S2-S4 columns, the amount of Cd migration decreased when the earthworms coexisted with wheat, while in S2-S3 column, there was no significant difference on such amount regardless of the coexistence of earthworms with wheat. Taken together, the results indicated that the migration of Cd and Pb was not only associated with wheat and earthworm, but also depended on soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Junhao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zengguang Yan
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guikui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Huashou Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Dai W, Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Ke X, Li Z, Gao M, Wu L. Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan, Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43638-43645. [PMID: 32737783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut and remaining body parts were studied by exposing animals to laboratory-spiked soil. The survival, growth, and reproduction of F. candida were significantly reduced by increasing soil Pb concentration. The LC50 values of survival based on total and CaCl2-extractable Pb concentration in soil were 2562 mg kg-1 and 351 mg kg-1, respectively. The EC50 values of reproduction were 1244 mg kg-1 and 48 mg kg-1, respectively. The Pb concentration in whole body, gut, and remaining body parts was significantly increased with the increase of soil Pb concentration and followed an exponential increase when the soil Pb concentration was equal to or above a threshold (1000 mg kg-1 for whole body and remaining body part, 500 mg kg-1 for gut). Below this threshold, these relationships were linear. The Pb concentration in the gut was higher than whole body and remaining body part of F. candida, and the threshold of internal Pb concentration at which F. candida can compensate was in the range 7-13 mg Pb kg-1 dry animal (corresponding to soil Pb concentration 500-1000 mg Pb kg-1 dry soil). The results indicate that reproduction of F. candida was a more sensitive indicator of lead toxicity than survival and growth. Pb was mainly accumulated in the gut of F. candida. We discuss the internal Pb concentration as an indicator of adverse effects in the risk assessment of soil Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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9
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Guo F, Ding C, Zhou Z, Han F, Tang R, Huang G, Wang X. Assessment of the immobilization effectiveness of several amendments on a cadmium-contaminated soil using Eisenia fetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109948. [PMID: 31759738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proper protocols for assessing the remediation effectiveness of contaminated soils are an important part of remediation projects. In the present study, the residual immobilization effectiveness of hydrated lime (L), hydroxyapatite (H), biochar (B) and organic fertilizer (F) alone and in combination was assessed by Eisenia fetida. The results showed that the application of amendments had no significant effect on the death rate and average fresh weight loss of earthworms. The earthworm Cd concentration increased with prolonged exposure time, however, the significant immobilization efficacy of amendments observed on the 7th day nearly disappeared after 28 days of exposure. The immobilization efficiencies, estimated by the earthworms internal Cd concentration, of L, H and B on the 7th day were 38.6%, 37.8% and 20.7%, respectively. These values decreased to 4.9%, 19.8% and 15.1%, respectively, on the 28th day. The detoxification effect of amendments was confirmed by the Cd subcellular fractionation in earthworms with lower proportions of Cd distributed in the metal-sensitive fractions in L, H and B treatments. The level of oxidative stress response of earthworms increased with exposure duration and amendments alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd to the earthworms. In addition, the pH and CaCl2-Cd in soils were both increased due to earthworm life activities and gut-related ingestion. In summary, the assessment of immobilization effectiveness of heavy metal-contaminated soils using Eisenia fetida was time-dependent. The immobilization efficacy of L and H performed better than B and F on the 7th day, while H and B performed better than L and F on the 28th day. Accordingly, the short-term earthworm exposure experiment (7 days) was recommended to be an alternative approach to time-consuming plant bioassays in assessment of reduced phytoavailability in chemical immobilization remediation. But the impact of earthworms on the immobilization effect of amendments needs to be considered in practical remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Changfeng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fengxiang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Ronggui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Gaoxiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China.
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