1
|
Zhu S, Li S, Shao M, Qiao J, Zhu Y. Source identification and migration fate of heavy metals of soil-groundwater system in a thousand-year cultivation region. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:345. [PMID: 39073488 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Pollution of farmland by heavy metals threatens food security and human health. In addition, heavy metals in soil could infiltrate into groundwater to influence the water quality and safety of drinking water. However, the relationship between heavy metal pollution in soil and groundwater is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the soil and groundwater in the Guanzhong Plain region, which is a significant grain production base in China, and determined the spatial distributions, ecological risk, sources, and migration fates of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The results showed that the mean values (0-20 cm) in the soil were 19.57 mg kg-1 for As, 0.71 mg kg-1 for Cd, 69.65 mg kg-1 for Cr, 21.97 mg kg-1 for Cu, 28.67 mg kg-1 for Ni, 17.54 mg kg-1 for Pb, and 73.77 mg kg-1 for Zn, and the corresponding mean values in groundwater were 1.2, 0.04, 4.69, 0.15, 0.07, 0.3, and 3.6 μg L-1, respectively. The mean values for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in soil exceeded the background values, and the mean values for As, Cd and Pb exceeded those in groundwater. Positive matrix factorization models identified five sources (fertilizers and organic fertilizers, natural sources, pesticides and herbicides, industrial activities, and sedimentation caused by transportation) for heavy metal pollution in soil and four sources (industry activity, atmospheric sedimentation caused by transportation, natural sources, and agriculture) for heavy metal pollution in groundwater. The soil particle composition and soil organic carbon content were important factors that affected the vertical distribution of heavy metals in the soil. The migration modes (convection and diffusion) were not found for all heavy metals. These results help to understand the relationships between heavy metals in soil and groundwater in farmland ecosystems regionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ming'an Shao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jiangbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molaei MA, Miraki H, Morovati M, Ghadir P, Javadi AA. Solidification/stabilization of lead-contaminated soil using alkali-activated volcanic ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38465-38484. [PMID: 38806981 PMCID: PMC11189349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of lead in soil poses a significant human health risk. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique, employing binders like Portland cement or lime, is a common method for remediating lead-contaminated soil. However, cement production has adverse environmental impacts, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives like alkali-activated materials (AAMs). This study assesses AAM efficacy in the S/S of lead-contaminated soil. The effects of several factors, including varying amounts of volcanic ash (VA), lead concentration, curing temperatures, and curing times are investigated. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive spectroscopy-mapping analyses (FESEM/EDS/mapping) analyses are used to study the specimens. The findings indicated a substantial increase in the UCS of lead-contaminated soil treated with 15% VA (under oven curing (OC) conditions), and 10% VA (under ambient curing (AC) conditions) exhibited remarkable increases of up to 600% and 458%, respectively. Moreover, the leaching of Pb2+ ions from samples contaminated with 10,000 mg/kg (under OC conditions) and 2500 mg/kg (under AC conditions) experienced significant reductions of 87% (from 135.14 to 13.36 ppm) and 91% (from 26.32 to 2.21 ppm), respectively. The S/S process in these samples operated through three primary mechanisms of chemical bonding, physical encapsulation, and the formation of insoluble silicate. The formation of N-A-S-H and hydroxy sodalite structures played a vital role in facilitating these mechanisms. Therefore, alkali-activated VA demonstrated excellent performance in the remediation of lead-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Molaei
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hania Miraki
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Morovati
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Ghadir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK.
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Akbar A Javadi
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang S, Fang Z, Hua C, Zhu M, Tian Y, Yong X, Yang J, Ren L. Distribution, sources, and risk analysis of heavy metals in sediments of Xiaoqing River basin, Shandong province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112445-112461. [PMID: 37831261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in river sediment poses a major threat to ecological safety. The Xiaoqing River originates in western Jinan, with higher population density and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in its basin compared to the Shandong province average. This study analyzed the spatial characteristics, ecological risk, human health risk, and contamination sources of heavy metals by collecting sediment samples from Xiaoqing River. We use the methods such as geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk assessment based on the interval number sorting method, and health risk assessment to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in sediments. The research finding suggests heavy metals including Pb, As, Ni, and Cr are low ecological risks, while Hg and Cd have reached high and extreme ecological risks. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the correlation and sources of different heavy metals. The six heavy metals were categorized into three groups. Factor 1, comprising Hg, Cr, and Pb, was identified as a mixed source with a contribution rate of 37.76%. Factor 2 is an agricultural source and comprises Ni, Cd, and As with a contribution rate of 27.05%. Factor 3 includes Pb and Ni contributing to 15.30% as a natural source. This study offers valuable insights for the prevention of heavy metal pollution, as well as promoting sustainable urban development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotong Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Yong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng W, Wan X, Wang L, Lei M, Chen T, Gu G. Apportionment and location of heavy metal(loid)s pollution sources for soil and dust using the combination of principal component analysis, Geodetector, and multiple linear regression of distance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129468. [PMID: 35779398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accurate identification of sources for soil heavy metal(loid) is difficult, especially for multi-functional parks, which include multiple pollution sources. Aiming to identify the apportionment and location of heavy metal(loid)s pollution sources, this study established a method combining principal component analysis (PCA), Geodetector, and multiple linear regression of distance (MLRD) in soil and dust, taking a multi-functional industrial park in Anhui Province, China, as an example. PCA and Geodetector were used to determine the type and possible location of the source. Source apportionment of individual elements is achieved by MLRD. The detection results quantified the spatial explanatory power (0.21 ≤ q ≤ 0.51) of the potential source targets (e.g., river and mining area) for the PCA factors. A comparative analysis of the regression equation (Model 1 and Model 3) indicated that the river (0.50 ≤ R2 ≤0.78), main road (0.47 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.81), and mine (0.14 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.92) (p < 0.01) were the main sources. Different from the traditional source apportionment methods, the current method could obtain the exact contributing sources, not just the type of source (e.g., industrial activities), which could be useful for pollution control in areas with multiple sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zeng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaoquan Gu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu Z, Zhou J, Guo P, Wang J, Wang P, Liu L, Wu M, Wang P, Liu N. Association between environmental lead/cadmium co-exposure in drinking water and soil and type 2 diabetes mellitus/obesity in Southern China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:941922. [PMID: 36159247 PMCID: PMC9489910 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.941922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in environment can be directly absorbed by drinking water and soil. However, data on human Pb and Cd exposure by drinking water and soil and its long-term consequence for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are lacking. Our study aims to explore the association of typical heavy metals co-exposure in drinking water and soil to the community residents with T2DM and obesity indices in two cities of southern China. A cross-sectional study enrolling total 1,274 participants was performed and the local water and soil samples were collected in two communities in southern China. The average daily dose (ADD) of heavy metals was calculated to assess the exposure. The obesity indices comprise body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). Binary, multiple logistic and linear regressions were employed for assessing the associations of Pb and Cd exposure with T2DM and obesity. The results showed that there weren't any significant correlations between ADDs of Pb/Cd and T2DM in community residents (all Ps>0.05). Compared with those with 18.5 ≤ BMI <24, with 1 μg/kg bw/d ADD of Pb increase in exposure are associated with 49.2-56.1% lower likelihood of overweight. Besides, with ADDs of Pb exposure was increased by 1 μg/kg bw/d and WHR decreasing by 0.01-0.02, and WC decreasing by 2.22-4.67 cm. We speculate that Pb causes weight loss because it damages the absorption function of the gastrointestinal tract as an initial injury. 1μg/kg bw/d ADD of Cd increase is associated with 100.9% upper likelihood of low weight in Model 1. It suggests that Pb/Cd pollution in the local environment was serious and harmful to residents' health. Government should introduce relevant oversight and accountability systems to improve the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- School of Nursing, Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- School of Nursing, Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peisen Guo
- Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- School of Nursing, Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Wu
- Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peixi Wang
- School of Nursing, Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,*Correspondence: Peixi Wang
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Nursing, Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,Health Science Center, Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Nan Liu
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen L, Wang J, Beiyuan J, Guo X, Wu H, Fang L. Environmental and health risk assessment of potentially toxic trace elements in soils near uranium (U) mines: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151556. [PMID: 34752878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) near uranium (U) mines arouses a growing interest worldwide. However, nearly all studies have focused on a single site or only a few sites, which may not fully represent the soil pollution status at the global scale. In this study, data of U, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Mn, and Ni contents in U mine-associated soils were collected and screened from published articles (2006-2021). Assessments of pollution levels, distributions, ecological, and human health risks of the nine PTEs were analysed. The results revealed that the average contents of the U, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Mn, and Ni were 39.88-, 55.33-, 0.88-, 3.81-, 3.12-, 3.07-, 9.26-, 1.83-, and 1.17-fold greater than those in the upper continental crust, respectively. The pollution assessment showed that most of the studied soils were heavily polluted by U and Cd. Among them, the U mine-associated soils in France, Portugal, and Bulgaria exhibited significantly higher pollution levels of U and Cd when compared to other regions. The average potential ecological risk value for all PTEs was 3358.83, which indicated the presence of remarkably high risks. Among the PTEs, Cd and U contributed more to the potential ecological risk than the other elements. The health risk assessment showed that oral ingestion was the main exposure route for soil PTEs; and the hazard index (HI) values for children were higher than those for adult males and females. For adult males and females, all hazard index values for the noncarcinogenic risks were below the safe level of 1.00. For children, none of the HI values exceeded the safe level, with the exception of U (HI = 3.56) and As (HI = 1.83), but Cu presented unacceptable carcinogenic risks. This study provides a comprehensive analysis that demonstrates the urgent necessity for treating PTE pollution in U mine-associated soils worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingzhe Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 420100, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. Comprehensive exploration of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment at two common smelter sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131350. [PMID: 34265711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the horizontal, vertical and fractional distribution of heavy metals in the soil and the pollution and risk assessment of two smelter sites in Daye (a Cu smelter) and Zhuzhou (a Zn oxide smelter). Nine sampling points were reasonably established at each site, and nine soil samples were collected in each soil profile, with a total of 81 samples at each site. The results indicated that only As concentration was exceeded in most of the samples from the Daye site, and several were contaminated with multiple heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd and Pb; the values exceeding the standard were significant. Most of the samples at the Zhuzhou site were contaminated with many heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd, Pb and Ni. With increasing depth, the proportion of the acid-soluble and reducible heavy metal fraction decreased, while the proportion of the oxidized and residual fraction increased. The pollution index (PI) indicated that As at all positions, and Cd and Pb at several positions at the Daye site, as well as Cd and Pb at all points of Zhuzhou should have received more attention. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) showed that a few sampling points in Daye were severely polluted, i.e. the points D5 with the value of 77.49 and the point D7 with 62.33, were more than the threshold value with 3 of severe pollution. Almost all sampling points in Zhuzhou were severely polluted, but the pollution degree was slightly lower than at Daye. The hazard index (HI) indicated the potential non-carcinogenic risk at the Daye and Zhuzhou sites. These values were unacceptable for both adults and children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) index indicated that the potential carcinogen risk due to As and Ni contamination were unacceptable at both sites, especially for children with 9.27E-03 and 1.99E-03 of As and Ni at Daye site, while 4.55E-03 and 4.09E-03 at Zhuzhou site. Strict control of industrial waste residues and smelters emissions into the soil is necessary to avoid further aggravation of heavy metal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu L, Xing X, Zhu Z, Cui H, Peng J, Li D, Ji M, Zhou J. Effects of Different Particle Sizes of Hydroxyapatite on the Distribution and Migration of Trace Elements (Copper and Cadmium) in a Smelter-Impacted Soil. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:2412646. [PMID: 34712312 PMCID: PMC8548129 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2412646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the remediation effect of hydroxyapatite with different particle sizes, a field in situ experiment was carried out by adding conventional hydroxyapatite (0.25 mm) and microhydroxyapatite (3 μm) and nanohydroxyapatite (40 nm) to the contaminated soil and planting Elsholtzia splendens. The distribution and migration of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in soil were investigated after 4 years. The results show that the application of three different particle sizes of hydroxyapatite significantly raise the soil pH, total phosphorus, and soil organic carbon. Moreover, the addition of hydroxyapatite can reduce the EXC fraction of Cu and Cd by 73.7%-80.1% and 20.8%-35.2%, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of Cu and Cd in >2 mm, 0.25-2 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm, and <0.053 mm aggregate are significantly increased. This improvement indicates that there are risks which may cause the increasing of total Cu and Cd in the soil where the pollution sources still exist. Furthermore, the content of soil colloid is significantly increased, and the colloidal Cu and Cd distribution percentage have been significantly increased by 49.9%-120% and 30.3%-181%. This result illustrates that the application of hydroxyapatite may greatly increase the possibility of colloid and dust migration of Cu and Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xiangyu Xing
- College of Non-Major Foreign Language Teaching, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhenqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jianbiao Peng
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ding Li
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Mingfei Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan L, Franco AM, Elio P. Health risk assessment via ingestion and inhalation of soil PTE of an urban area. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130964. [PMID: 34289622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) are common soil contaminants and pose a significant risk to human health. In this study, ingestion (<150 μm) and inhalation (<10 μm) bioaccessibility and human health risk due to PTE were investigated in soils of the urban and peri-urban area of Torino. Lead, Cd, Cu, and Zn were observed to be the most soluble elements in simulated gastric and lung fluids. Higher bioaccessible concentrations of Pb, Ni, Co and Sb were observed in the inhalable size fraction (<10 μm) compared to ingestible one probably because of the higher concentration in fine soil size fraction. Conversely, the relative bioaccessibility of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and As was lower, due to the different extracting conditions and to the presumable different elemental speciation. Average values suggested that PTE would be more bioavailable if ingested than inhaled, particularly in urban areas, were the bioaccessible percentages were always higher than in peri-urban sites. Health risk assessment was conducted using bioaccessible concentrations and their corresponding toxicities via ingestion and inhalation exposures. Unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) was found through ingestion exposure for children in some urban sites and Pb was the most hazardous elements. Carcinogenic risks were under the threshold levels for every soil (CR < 10-4), with Cr and As being the dominant contributors to risk. Therefore, necessary soil remediation activities are needed to reduce the risks of human, especially for children, exposure to Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | - Ajmone-Marsan Franco
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | - Padoan Elio
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu D, Zhou Z, Zhan C, Liu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Z, Liu X. Pollution Characteristics and Associated Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils From a Typical County of Hubei Province, Central China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:327-335. [PMID: 34309685 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge from the negative impacts of the counties' anthropogenic activities on soil pollution was of great significance in China, and valuable information was urgently needed for the control and remediation of soil pollution. The current pollution levels of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in farmland soils were investigated in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, central China. The comprehensive results of quantitative comparison and evaluation in this study showed that Cu (144.9 ± 298.6 mg kg-1), Cd (2.9 ± 1.6 mg kg-1), and Ni (137.0 ± 111.0 mg kg-1) posed higher pollution risks to public and ecosystem health, which were higher than the corresponding soil background values. The combined results of geostatistics, spatial and statistical analysis indicated that studied heavy metals were mainly attributed to agricultural, traffic and industrial induced pollution. Overall, urgent attention should be paid to the risk reduction and management of soil Cu, Cd, and Ni pollution in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhishuang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Changlin Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Jiaquang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Ziguo Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Xianli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Y, Ge Y, Lou Y, Meng J, Shi L, Xia F. Assembly strategies of the wheat root-associated microbiome in soils contaminated with phenanthrene and copper. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125340. [PMID: 33951882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants can cope with stressful conditions by indirectly regulating root-associated microbial structures. However, the recruitment strategies of the root-associated microbiome in combined organic and inorganic contaminated soils are not well known, especially for common agricultural crops. In this study, we performed greenhouse experiments to investigate the interactive effects of joint copper (Cu) and phenanthrene (PHE) pollution on wheat growth and microbial detoxication processes. Results show that heavy metals did not affect PHE dissipation in the rhizosphere but significantly enhanced the accumulation of PHE in the endosphere. In contrast, the addition of PHE did not influence the absorption of Cu by wheat roots. Cu was the primary factor affecting the variation of microbial communities in cocontaminated treatments among each rhizocompartment while the interactive effects of combined pollutants were only detected in unplanted bulk soil. Microbes are known to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tolerant heavy metal stress e.g. Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas, Sphingobium and Pseudomonas enriched in the contaminated treatments. Our results provide an integrated understanding of the synthetic effects of combined pollutants on the root-microbial assemblage process in plant-soil systems and offer useful information on the selection of effective bioremediating root-associated microbes for the application of self-remediation by common crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yi Ge
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinghua Lou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fang Xia
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang H, Li Y, Shi Y, Li D, Holm PE, Ou Q, Hu W. Quantitative source apportionment, risk assessment and distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils from southern Shandong Peninsula of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144879. [PMID: 33550057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and the metalloid arsenic (As) were detected in surface and core soil samples collected from a tobacco growing region in Shandong Peninsula on the east coast of China to evaluate their pollution levels, ecological and health risks, and to analyze their spatial and vertical distributions. The heavy metal sources were identified quantitatively using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. In accordance, most of the soils did not have accumulations and were not contaminated by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. High accumulations of Cd and Hg occurred in the soils, posing an ecological risk to the local agricultural environment, while Cr and Ni levels presented a carcinogenic health risk to humans. Four main sources of heavy metals in the soils were identified. Correspondingly Ni and Cr were mainly originated from natural sources, Hg from coal combustion, Cd from agricultural practices, Cu, Pb, and Zn from agricultural practices and industrial activities, and As from industrial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jiashuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yile Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Decheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter E Holm
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), China
| | - Quan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed DAEA, Gheda SF, Ismail GA. Efficacy of two seaweeds dry mass in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12831-12846. [PMID: 33089464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Ulva fasciata and Sargassum lacerifolium seaweeds as heavy metal remediators for soil and on the growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The soil was inoculated by dry biomass of each seaweed alone and by their mixture. Seaweeds inoculation increased the organic matter content, clay-size fraction, and nutrients in the soil. Seaweeds mixture treatment caused a significant reduction in the contents of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the soil samples and reduced them to the tolerable limits (40.2, 49.3, 43.8 and 1.1 mg kg-1, respectively), while Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn contents were closely decreased to the tolerable limits. Biosorption of soil heavy metals by seaweeds decreased the bioaccumulated concentrations of metals in radish plant roots and/or translocated to its shoots compared to control. For seaweeds mixture-treated soil, cultivated radish roots were able to phyto-extract Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni from the soil (bioaccumulation factor values > 1) of 7.45, 1.18, 3.13, and 26.6, respectively. Seaweeds inoculation promoted the growth of cultivated radish and improved the germination percentage and the morphological and biochemical growth parameters compared to control plants. The achieved soil remediation by dried seaweeds might be due to their efficient metal biosorption capacity due to the existence of active functional groups on their cell wall surfaces. Increased growth observed in radish was as a result of nutrients and growth hormones (gibberellins, indole acetic acid, and cytokinins) present in dried seaweeds. This study shows the efficiency of seaweeds as eco-friendly bioremediators for controlling soil pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saly Farouk Gheda
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Gehan Ahmed Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu J, Gao W, Zhao W, Ge L, Zhu T, Zhang G, Niu Y. Wood vinegar enhances humic acid-based remediation material to solidify Pb(II) for metal-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12648-12658. [PMID: 33089460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal lead is a typical widespread potentially toxic element (PET) contamination due to their extensive and wide applications in industrial processes. The development of cost-effective methods for preventing potentially toxic element lead residues from soil into food is thus highly desirable. A new type of humic acid-based remediation material (HA/WV) incorporating humic acid salt (HA), biochar powder (BC), and wood vinegar (WV), which is a cheap and environmentally friendly industrial by-product from charcoal processing, was prepared and evaluated. The results showed that 0.10 g remediation material HA/WV with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to 1 kg surface soil of 0-20 cm from agricultural land contaminated by 300 mg Pb2+, the reduction ratio of available Pb in soil can reach 61.4%. Especially, wood vinegar can enhance the reduction ratio of available Pb by at least 14.7% over without wood vinegar. Furthermore, according to the analysis of adsorption interaction and the electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and oxygen-containing functional groups on HA/WV are the dominant mechanisms responsible for Pb(II) sorption. The wood vinegar liquid can improve the oxygen-containing group in HA/WV, which can enhance the complexation of remediation materials and Pb(II) ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Weichun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuhua Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Wu J, Yu B, Dong KF, Ma D, Xiao G, Zhang C. Heavy metals in aquatic products and the health risk assessment to population in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22708-22719. [PMID: 32319067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a total of 62,712 aquatic product samples were collected from 32 provinces of China during 2015-2017. By analyzing the spatial distributions and non-parametric tests of five heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)) in four aquatic product (fish (n = 44,353), shrimp (n = 8453), crab (n = 5367), and shellfish (n = 4539)), it was found that the concentrations of the five heavy metals in the same aquatic product are significantly different in different regions. Furthermore, we calculated daily estimated intake (EDI) of each of the five heavy metals and assessed non-cancer risk and cancer risk using target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk (TR), respectively. The results showed that for mean exposure levels, the THQ values in four aquatic products were all below one, meaning that there was no non-carcinogenic risk. For high exposure levels, the hazard index (HI) value exceeded one in fish in North China, which means the potential non-carcinogenic risk should not be ignored. As for cadmium, most of the TR values in crab and shellfish exceed 1 × 10-4 in North China, East China, and South China. For chromium, except for Northeast China, the TR values in fish in other regions exceed 1 × 10-4; it indicated that the cancer risk caused by cadmium or chromium should not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Jiangping Wu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Bojun Yu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Kylie Fei Dong
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Dong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Gexin Xiao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
| |
Collapse
|