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Ross M, Corimanya JL, Kaplan R, Kilgour DAV, Linkous CR, Guindre-Parker S. Elevated lead (Pb) in urban European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) feathers is not correlated to physiology or behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168932. [PMID: 38048995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is rapidly changing the environment and creating new challenges in the lives of animals across the globe. Anthropogenic contaminants-like heavy metals-can persist within the environment for prolonged periods of time and present a widespread problem for those living near contaminated areas. Lead (Pb) was a commonly used heavy metal that continues to threaten the health of all organisms despite being phased out, especially in urban areas where historical use was more common. In this study, a common urban-adapter, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), was trapped to explore whether feather Pb burden is greater in birds from urban habitats than rural habitats, as well as whether Pb burdens were correlated with behavior, physiology, and feather development. Across four sites (two rural and two urban), soil Pb concentrations were measured and 197 free-living starlings were captured to measure feather Pb concentrations. Using linear mixed models, this study found that urban starling nestlings had elevated feather Pb burdens compared to rural nestlings. In contrast, there was no correlation between Pb and urbanization in adult birds whose exposure to Pb may reflect a larger spatial range compared to nestlings. For both nestlings and adults, feather Pb was uncorrelated to corticosterone, testosterone, aggressive behavior, or feather growth rates. These findings suggest that starlings may be a useful biomonitoring tool to detect Pb in the local environment, however, the age and spatial range of birds is a critical consideration in applying this tool. Further work is needed to understand the intricate relationship between heavy metals, behavior, morphological development, and physiology in free-living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ross
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna L Corimanya
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Rachel Kaplan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Denyelle A V Kilgour
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Courtney R Linkous
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Guindre-Parker
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
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Navarro-Ciurana D, Corbella M, Meroño D. Effects of Road Dust Particle Size on Mineralogy, Chemical Bulk Content, Pollution and Health Risk Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6655. [PMID: 37681795 PMCID: PMC10488125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of the rising environmental and health concerns associated with atmospheric pollution caused by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), several road dust studies have been performed across the world in recent decades. This paper illustrates the effects of particle size on the PTE contents, mineralogical composition, environmental pollution and health risk assessments in road dust from Barcelona (Spain). The samples were sieved into five size fractions ranging from <45 to 500-800 µm. Although the major mineral contents (tectosilicates, phyllosilicates, and carbonates) were profuse in all fractions, the identified inhalable PTE particles (e.g., Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and REE), with size < 10 µm, were more pervasive in the finest fraction (<45 μm). This is consistent with the concentrations measured: the finest fractions were richer in PTEs than the coarser ones, resulting in a direct correlation with the enrichment factor (EFx), geo-accumulation (Igeo), and non-carcinogenic (HI) and carcinogenic (CRI) values. Igeo and EFx values can be appropriate tracers for some common elements (e.g., Zn, Sb, Sn, Cu, and Cr), but they do not seem adequate for anthropogenic particles accumulated at concentrations similar to the geogenic background. Overall, the HI and CRI values obtained in Barcelona were acceptable, reflecting no serious health impacts in the study area, except for Cr. Our results suggest that fine dust particles are a more suitable fraction to conduct pollution and health risk assessments than coarser ones, although the EFx, Igeo, HI, and CRI threshold values should be redefined in the future to include all emergent pollutants as well. In summary, monitoring programs should include at least the road dust evaluation of <45 µm particles, which can be performed with a simple sieving method, which is both time- and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Navarro-Ciurana
- Departament de Geologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Cs s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.C.); (D.M.)
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, i Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Corbella
- Departament de Geologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Cs s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniel Meroño
- Departament de Geologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Cs s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.C.); (D.M.)
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Skorbiłowicz M, Trybułowski Ł, Skorbiłowicz E. Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4687. [PMID: 36981596 PMCID: PMC10048270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals (HM) in street dust in Suwałki, a city located in northeastern Poland. The HM content of street dust was also evaluated using the geochemical index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), and local HM sources were identified using chemometric methods. The arithmetic averages of HM contents in dust arranged in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb, were 11,692.80, 215.97, 194.78, 142.84, 63.59, 17.50, 17.04 mg∙kg-1, respectively. Higher values than the local background occurred for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. The values of Igeo, CF, and EF indicate that the highest pollution in dust is due to Zn and Cu. The spatial distribution of metals was evaluated using maps of HM content in road dust samples from Suwałki. The spatial distribution of HM showed areas with high contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb located mainly in the central and eastern parts of the city. In these areas, high traffic volume, the presence of shopping centers, administrative buildings and bus stops dominate. Statistical models of multivariate analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) identified two sources of HM. The first source of pollution was associated with local industrial activity and motor vehicle travel, and the second with natural sources.
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Li J, Zuo Q, Hu H, Feng F, Jia H, Ji Y. A Comprehensive Exploration on Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Multi-Media Environment from Zhengzhou, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:140. [PMID: 36851014 PMCID: PMC9959330 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Road dust (RD), roadside soils (RS) and river surface sediments (sediments) are important materials for evaluating contaminant levels in urban areas. This study aims to investigate the contaminant characteristics, pollution levels and ecological risks of RD, RS and sediments of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb, in the central urban area of Zhengzhou. Results reveal that RD shows a higher concentration of PTEs when compared to the other two environments. The spatial distribution characteristics suggest that PTEs in RD, RS and sediments may come from different sources. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was used to describe that the RD was moderately to extremely contaminated with Cd and Hg, while both RS and sediments were significantly enriched with Cd and Hg. For RD, RS and sediments, the potential ecological risk (RI) demonstrates a high potential ecological risk from Cd and Hg. Overall, PTEs in Zhengzhou road dust present a moderate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Project Operation and Ecological Security for Inter-Basin Regional Water Diversion Project, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Center for Water Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiting Zuo
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Water Environment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Water Cycle Simulation and Environmental Protection, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Project Operation and Ecological Security for Inter-Basin Regional Water Diversion Project, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Center for Water Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Center for Water Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yingxin Ji
- Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Gaberšek M, Watts MJ, Gosar M. Attic dust: an archive of historical air contamination of the urban environment and potential hazard to health? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128745. [PMID: 35344891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of attic dust in an urban area is presented. Its entire life cycle, from determining historical emission sources to recognising the processes that take place in attic dust and its potential to impact human health is discussed. Its chemical composition and morphological characteristics of individual solid particles reflect past anthropogenic activities. High levels of Be-Cd-Cu-Sb-Sn-Pb-Te-Zn and occurrence of Cu-Zn shavings are typical for an industrial zone characterised by a foundry and a battery factory. High levels of Co-Fe-Mo-Ni-W-Ba-Cr-Mg-Mn-Nb-Ti and occurrence of various solid Fe-oxides, particularly spherical particles, were identified in another industrial zone, which was dominated by the automotive and metal-processing industries. Emissions from coal combustion affected the distribution of S-Se-Hg-Tl-As-Ag-U. The predominant mineral in attic dust is gypsum, which was presumably formed in situ by the reaction of carbonate dust particles and atmospheric SO2 gas. The high oral bioaccessibility of As-Cd-Cu-Pb-Zn in the gastric phase and high bioaccessibility of As-Cu-Cd-Ni in the gastrointestinal phase were identified. Determined characteristics of attic dust and identified possibilities of prolonged human exposure to it indicate that attic dust should be treated as an excellent proxy for historical air contamination as well as a potentially hazardous material for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gaberšek
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom.
| | - Mateja Gosar
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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Roy S, Gupta SK, Prakash J, Habib G, Kumar P. A global perspective of the current state of heavy metal contamination in road dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33230-33251. [PMID: 35022986 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are persistent and bio-accumulative, and pose potential risk to human health and ecosystem. We reviewed the current state of heavy metal contamination, the ecotoxicological and human health risk of heavy metals reported in urban road dust from various cities in different continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, America, and Australia). We compared and synthesized the findings on the methods related to sample collection, extraction, analytical tools of heavy metals, their concentrations, level of contamination, ecological risk, non-carcinogenic risk, and carcinogenic risk in road dust. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Fe were found to be higher than their background values in soil. As expected, the contamination levels of the heavy metals varied extensively among cities, countries, continents, and periods. A high level of contamination is observed for Pb and Cd in road dust due to operating leaded gasoline and the old vehicle population. The highest Zn contamination was observed from road dust in Europe, followed by Asia, Africa, Australia, and America (North America and South America). Cu contamination and the pollution load index (PLI) is found to be the highest in Europe and lowest in Africa, with in-between values of PLI in American and African cities. The potential ecological risk on different continents was observed highest in Asia, followed by Europe, Australia, America, and Africa. A comparative assessment of non-carcinogenic risk for children indicated that Australia is the most susceptible country due to high heavy metal exposure in road dust, followed by Asia. However, there is no susceptible risk in European, African, and American cities. We did not observe any potential risk to adults due to non-carcinogenic metals. Carcinogenic risk to all age groups was within the threshold limit range for all the regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantee Roy
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Jai Prakash
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory (AAQRL), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gazala Habib
- Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Fan P, Lu X, Yu B, Fan X, Wang L, Lei K, Yang Y, Zuo L, Rinklebe J. Spatial distribution, risk estimation and source apportionment of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in resuspended megacity street dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107073. [PMID: 34995969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The levels of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) As, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in resuspended street dust (<100 μm particles) from a megacity in north China were determined. The sources of PTMs in resuspended street dust were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis and positive matrix factorization methods that combined the spatial distributions of PTMs. Average levels of Zn, As, Pb, Cu, Co, and Hg exceeded those found in local soil samples, while those of Cr, Mn, and Ni were less than their background levels found in local soil. The overall contamination of PTMs in resuspended street dust was characterized as moderately contaminated and as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The ecological risk associated with Hg was very high, while the ecological risks associated with Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were low. The overall ecological risk of PTMs was defined as high, driven by Hg. The non-carcinogenic risks of PTMs to inhabitants fell within safety limits, and the carcinogenic risks of As, Co, Cr, and Ni were below receivable values. A comprehensive analysis of PTMs sources revealed that Co, Zn, Cu, and Pb were principally associated with traffic emissions, which accounted for about 38.3% of these PTMs' contents. Mn, Ni, and Cr were mainly generated by natural source, which contributed to about 41.5% of these PTMs' concentrations. Hg and As were primarily derived from coal-related industrial source, which accounted for 77.9% of Hg and 62.9% of As in resuspended street dust. This study demonstrates that coal-related industrial discharges and traffic emissions are the main anthropogenic sources of PTMs contamination in resuspended street dust in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lead Pollution, Demographics, and Environmental Health Risks: The Case of Philadelphia, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179055. [PMID: 34501644 PMCID: PMC8431549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) soil contamination in urban environments represents a considerable health risk for exposed populations, which often include environmental justice communities. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), Pb pollution is a major concern primarily due to extensive historical Pb-smelting/processing activity and legacy use of Pb-based paints and leaded gasoline. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) organized and/or compiled community-driven soil sampling campaigns to investigate Pb content in surface soils across Philadelphia. Using these data (n = 1277), combined with our own dataset (n = 1388), we explored the spatial distribution of Pb content in soils across the city using ArcGIS. While assessing Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP)-code level data, we found strong correlations between factors, such as the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels (% EBLL) and % minority population as well as between % EBLL and % children in poverty. We developed a “Lead Index” that took demographics, median measured Pb-in-soil content, and % EBLLs into account to identify ZIP codes in need of further assessment. Our results will be used to help lower the Pb-exposure risk for vulnerable children living in disproportionately burdened communities.
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Rahman MS, Kumar S, Nasiruddin M, Saha N. Deciphering the origin of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in school dust and soil of Dhaka, a megacity in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40808-40823. [PMID: 33772469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have resulted in road dust and roadside soil hosted metal(oid)s pollution in the urban environment. In the South-Asian megacity "Dhaka", schools are situated in the areas with high population density and high traffic emissions. As the school-going children are the most vulnerable receptor, school premises in Dhaka city represent an important yet overlooked exposure point to contaminated dust and soil. Therefore, the present study investigated the metal(oid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn and As) pollution in dust and soil at school compounds, explored their possible sources and estimated the associated human health risk. This study revealed that dust contained higher concentration of metal(oid)s than soil, and the Azimpur Govt. Girls School & College was identified as the most contaminated site. The enrichment of school dust with Cu, Zn and Pb were strictly related to the dense population and substantial traffic activity in the study areas. Arsenic content in school soil was several folds higher than its concentration in the upper crust. Natural and anthropogenic activities possibly posed a synergistic effect on such high soil As. The multivariate statistics suggested that Cu, Zn and Pb were likely to be originated from traffic-related activities, while Zr, Fe, Ti and Rb from natural sources, and K, Sr and Ca from industrial activities. The assessment of health risk suggested the children as a vulnerable receptor and ingestion was identified as the dominant pathway of dust and soil exposure. The hazard index (HI) values were lower than unity, suggesting no possible non-cancer health risk. Arsenic posed a lifetime carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area through soil ingestion and dermal adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sazal Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | - Md Nasiruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Narottam Saha
- Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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O'Shea MJ, Krekeler MPS, Vann DR, Gieré R. Investigation of Pb-contaminated soil and road dust in a polluted area of Philadelphia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:440. [PMID: 34164717 PMCID: PMC8415436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A multi-analytical geochemical investigation of Pb-contaminated collocated road dust and soils, at two size fractions, was performed in Fishtown, Philadelphia, PA, USA. The combinations of methods employed in this case study were chosen to better characterize the contamination, enhance identification of pollution sources, improve understanding of the impact of former Pb smelters, and to study the relationships between two media and between two size fractions. High concentrations of Cu and Sn were observed in both bulk and finer road dust, whereas large concentrations of Zn and Pb were found in both bulk and finer soil samples, implying pollution. There were no obvious associations between Pb soil concentrations and former smelter locations. Therefore, the primary source of the high mean Pb content in bulk (595 ppm) and fine soils (687 ppm) was likely legacy lead paint and/or leaded-gasoline products. Using electron microscopy, we found that Pb particles were mainly 0.1-10 µm in diameter and were ubiquitous in both soil and dust samples. Two-way analysis of variance tests revealed that, for most chemical elements explored here, there were statistically significant differences in concentrations based on media and size fractions, with finer sizes being more polluted than the bulk. The mineralogical composition and the sources of several pollutant elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb), however, were similar for both soil and dust, pointing to material exchange between the two media. We suggest that future investigations of collocated road dust and soils in urban environments use the methodologies applied in this study to obtain detailed insights into sources of roadside pollution and the relationships between neighboring media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Shea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA.
| | - Mark P S Krekeler
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University Hamilton, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - David R Vann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA
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11
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Kelepertzis E, Chrastný V, Botsou F, Sigala E, Kypritidou Z, Komárek M, Skordas K, Argyraki A. Tracing the sources of bioaccessible metal(loid)s in urban environments: A multidisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144827. [PMID: 33529817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the links between sources of magnetic particles and bioaccessibility of metal(loids) in environmental sampling media is crucial for better evaluating human health risks, although relevant information in the scientific literature is scarce. Here, soil, road and house dust samples from a heavy industrial area in Greece were characterized in a multidisciplinary study combining magnetic measurements, SEM/EDS analyses, bioaccessibility measurements and Pb isotopic analyses of bioaccessible Pb. The oral and inhalable bioaccessible fractions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were assessed by applying simulated gastric and lung solutions. SEM/EDS analysis revealed the abundant presence of anthropogenic Fe-containing spherules of industrial origin in all sampling media, often containing minor contents of Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. The inhalation bioaccessibility (%) in all environmental compartments was higher than the oral one for most elements analyzed in the present study. Clear associations between magnetic susceptibility and bioaccessible amounts of most of analyzed elements were encountered for the soil and road dust. The isotopic analyses of bioaccessible Pb showed that there are significant differences in the isotopic ratios between total and bioaccessible Pb. We conclude that Pb solubilized by the simulated gastric and lung extractions is principally anthropogenic, representing a mixture of industrial Pb and Pb related to the past usage of leaded petrol. Low values of 206Pb/207Pb were accompanied by high bioaccessible contents of Cd, Pb and Zn indicating that anthropogenic (mostly industrial) sources exert influence on the bioaccessible forms of these metals. Coupling magnetic and bioaccessibility measurements with stable isotopic technique of bioaccessible Pb is more reliable for determining Pb and other metal sources with high oral and inhalation bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Fotini Botsou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sigala
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Skordas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
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12
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Gaberšek M, Gosar M. Towards a holistic approach to the geochemistry of solid inorganic particles in the urban environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144214. [PMID: 33373784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) has a major impact on the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements in the urban environment. Anthropogenic-derived PM emissions are the cause of some of the most severe environmental and health problems. The presented study aims to improve our knowledge of PM dynamics by introducing a multi-media, multi-analytical and multi-elemental holistic approach to geochemical studies of inorganic PM in the urban environment. The importance of the holistic approach is highlighted and its application in a case study of Maribor (Slovenia) is presented. The chemical composition and individual particulate characteristics of street, attic and household dust were determined and compared with the characteristics of airborne PM, and PM deposited in snow, together with the chemical composition of the soil. We found that the mineralogical and chemical composition and the individual solid particle characteristics of the studied media differ considerably. Nevertheless, minerals of geogenic origin are present in all media. The highest levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in all media, except household dust, are typical for industrial areas. Street dust primarily reflects the influence of winter road maintenance and industrial activities, while characteristics of household dust are predominantly influenced by indoor activities and properties of dwellings. The comparison of the chemical composition of attic and street dust indicates that emissions of As, Cd, Pb, S and Zn were higher in the past. The characterisation of airborne PM and PM deposited in snow is essential for the identification of the most recent sources of PTE-bearing particles. Several industrial sources and the fate of some particle types in the environment have been determined based on the findings of the SEM/EDS analyses. This study confirms that various environmental media are carriers of diverse geochemical information and highlights the importance of a holistic approach in geochemistry of PM in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gaberšek
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Gosar
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Vlasov D, Kosheleva N, Kasimov N. Spatial distribution and sources of potentially toxic elements in road dust and its PM 10 fraction of Moscow megacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143267. [PMID: 33176932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dust and in its PM10 fraction were studied in Moscow from June 09 to July 30, 2017 on roads with different traffic intensities, inside courtyards with parking lots, and on pedestrian walkways in parks. The contents of PTEs in road dust and PM10 fraction were analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The main pollutants of road dust and its PM10 fraction included Sb, Zn, W, Sn, Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mo. PM10 was a major carrier of W, Bi, Sb, Zn, Sn (accounts for >65% of their total contents in road dust); Cu (>50%); and Cd, Pb, Mo, Co, Ni (30-50%). PM10 fraction was 1.2-6.4 times more polluted with PTEs than bulk samples. Resuspension of roadside soil particles accounted for 34% of the mass of PTEs in road dust and for 64% in the PM10 fraction. Other important sources of PTEs were non-exhaust vehicles emissions (~ 20% for dust and ~14% for PM10) and industrial emissions (~20% and ~6%). The road dust and PM10 particles were most contaminated in the central part of the city due to the large number of cars and traffic congestions. Local anomalies of individual PTEs were observed near industrial zones mainly in the west, south, and southeast of Moscow. In the yards of residential buildings the total enrichment of road dust and PM10 with PTEs was only 1.1-1.5 times lower than that on major roads which poses a serious danger to the population spending a significant part of their lives in residential areas. The spatial pattern of the PTEs distribution in road dust and its PM10 fraction should assist in more efficient planning of washing and mechanical cleaning of the road surface from dust to minimize the risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Vlasov
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Kosheleva
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Kasimov
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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O'Shea MJ, Vigliaturo R, Choi JK, McKeon TP, Krekeler MPS, Gieré R. Alteration of yellow traffic paint in simulated environmental and biological fluids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141202. [PMID: 32853929 PMCID: PMC7657991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from heavy metals in urban environments is a topic of growing concern because many metals, including Pb and Cr, are a human health hazard. Exposure to Pb and Cr has been linked to the inhibition of neurological development as well as toxic effects on many organs. Yellow traffic paint (YTP) is a mixture that contains organic polymers, binders, and pigments, which in some cases consist of crocoite (PbCrO4) that may be coated by silica. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the crocoite pigment grains within YTP and their silica coatings in simulated environmental and human body conditions. To do this, both YTP and asphalt were collected in Philadelphia, PA, USA. These samples as well as a standard PbCrO4 were investigated with powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Using this multi-analytical approach, mineral phases were determined in the YTP, their shape, dimensional distributions, crystallinity, and chemical composition, as well as elemental distributions before and after experimental interactions. Three batch dissolution experiments with YTP, asphalt, and standard PbCrO4 were performed to simulate ingestion, inhalation, and environmental interaction with rainwater. Elemental releases were determined with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and results indicated that little (ingestion) to no (environmental and inhalation) Pb and Cr were leached from the YTP during the three experimental procedures. This is likely due to the silica coating that encapsulates the crocoite particles, which persisted during all interactions. The ESEM results for YTP showed dimensional reductions after interactions with all three fluids. The silica coating must be further explored to determine how it breaks down in real environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Shea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA.
| | - Ruggero Vigliaturo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA
| | - Jessica K Choi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA
| | - Thomas P McKeon
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA
| | - Mark P S Krekeler
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University Hamilton, Hamilton, OH 45011, USA; Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA
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15
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Hong N, Guan Y, Yang B, Zhong J, Zhu P, Ok YS, Hou D, Tsang DCW, Guan Y, Liu A. Quantitative source tracking of heavy metals contained in urban road deposited sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122362. [PMID: 32114133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Source tracking for heavy metals contained in road deposited sediments (RDS) is essential for pollution control and human health risk management. Previous studies on tracking sources for heavy metals have mostly been qualitative or semi-quantitative. This study quantitatively assessed the relative contributions of eight sources to five typical heavy metals in the urban environment using a chemical mass-balance based stochastic method. The results indicated that tire wear contributed the most masses to RDS (33 ± 26 %) while brake lining dusts contributed the least. Urban soil, tire wear, and brake lining dusts contributed the most to Pb (41 ± 32 %), Zn (28 ± 25 %), and Cu (59 ± 30 %), respectively, while gasoline engine exhaust was the main source of both Cr (29 ± 28 %) and Ni (20 ± 23 %). The outcomes also showed that tire wear and diesel engine exhaust have higher potential to threaten human health risk because they generate high amounts of heavy metals with high bioaccessibility. The research results can also provide a quantitative guidance for taking remediation actions of heavy metal control on urban road surfaces and measuring the effectiveness of those actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Hong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Guan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Panfeng Zhu
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - An Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
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