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Mou Y, Liu N, Su K, Li X, Lu T, Yu Z, Song M. The growth and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus quadricauda under nitrogen starvation stress during xylose mixotrophic/heterotrophic cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98934-98946. [PMID: 36502485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to conquer the block of high cost and low yields which limit to realize the commercialization of microalgal biodiesel, the mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus quadricauda FACHB-1297 fed on xylose was separately studied employing six forms of media: phosphorus sufficient, phosphorus restricted, and phosphorus starvation were combined with nitrogen sufficient and nitrogen starvation conditions. The maximum lipid content (about 41% of dry weight) was obtained on the 5th day (heterotrophic cultivation) and 8th day (mixotrophic cultivation) under the nitrogen starved and phosphorus sufficient (N0&P) conditions, which was about twofold in comparison to the final lipid content on the sufficient nitrogen condition (control). Under mixotrophic and heterotrophic modes, the highest lipid production was achieved in the N0&P trial, with the value of 274.96 mg/L and 193.77 mg/L, respectively. Xylose utilization rate of 30-96% under heterotrophic modes was apparently higher than that of 20-50% in mixotrophic modes. In contrast, phosphorus uptake rate of 100% under mixotrophic cultivation was significantly more than that of 60-90% in heterotrophic cultivation. Furthermore, under the condition of heterotrophic cultivation using xylose as a carbon source, the phosphorus had a positive impact on microalgae cell synthesis and the lipid content enhanced with the augmentation in phosphorus concentrations. We suggested that sufficient phosphorus should be supplied for obtaining higher microalgal lipid production in the lack of nitrogen under xylose heterotrophic/mixotrophic condition. This was a highly effective way to obtain efficient microalgae lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Mou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Kunyang Su
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Tianxiang Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
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Singh RP, Yadav P, Kumar A, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Gupta RK. Salinity-Induced Physiochemical Alterations to Enhance Lipid Content in Oleaginous Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 via Two-Stage Cultivation for Biodiesel Feedstock. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2064. [PMID: 37630624 PMCID: PMC10459255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, various microalgae have been considered a renewable energy source for biofuel production, and their amount and extent can be enhanced by applying certain types of stress including salinity. Although microalgae growing under salinity stress result in a higher lipid content, they simultaneously reduce in growth and biomass output. To resolve this issue, the physiochemical changes in microalgae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 have been assessed through two-stage cultivation. In stage-I, the maximum carbohydrate and lipid contents (39.55 and 34.10%) were found at a 0.4 M NaCl concentration, while in stage-II, the maximum carbohydrate and lipid contents (42.16 and 38.10%) were obtained in the 8-day-old culture. However, under increased salinity, Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 exhibited a decrease in photosynthetic attributes, including Chl-a, Chl-b, Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), NPQ, qP, qL, qN, and ETRmax but increased Y(NO) and carotenoids content. Apart from physiological attributes, osmoprotectants, stress biomarkers, and nonenzymatic antioxidants were also studied to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated lipid synthesis. Furthermore, elemental and mineral ion analysis of microalgal biomass was performed to evaluate the biomass quality for biofuel and cell homeostasis. Based on fluorometry analysis, we found the maximum neutral lipids in the 8-day-old grown culture at stage-II in Scenedesmus sp. BHU1. Furthermore, the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of higher levels of hydrocarbons and triacylglycerides (TAGs) composed of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the 8-day-old culture. Therefore, Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 can be a promising microalga for potential biodiesel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
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He Q, Zhang H, Ma M, He Y, Jia J, Hu Q, Gong Y. Critical assessment of protozoa contamination and control measures in mass culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127460. [PMID: 35697259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is considered a promising "cell factory" for high-value products fucoxanthin and EPA. But its potential has not been realized due largely to microbial contamination. In this study, seven protozoan strains were identified, of which a heterolobosean amoeba was identified as the most frequently occurring and destructive predator in P. tricornutum culture. The addition of 400 mg L-1 NH4HCO3 inhibited amoeba proliferation with little impact on algal growth. Halting culture mixing at night induced a hypoxia environment that further inhibited amoeba growth. Regardless of culture systems employed, a periodical supply of proper amounts of NH4HCO3 alone or in combination with halting culture mixing at night may prevent or treat protozoa contamination in mass culture of P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yue He
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Microalgal Biotechnology Center, State Investment and Development Corporation, Beijing 065200, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Microalgal Biotechnology Center, State Investment and Development Corporation, Beijing 065200, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yingchun Gong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Metabolic pathway analysis of walnut endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis HB1310 related to lipid production from fermentation of cotton stalk hydrolysate based on genome sequencing. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1883-1894. [PMID: 34228235 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, genome sequencing and metabolic analysis were used to identify and verify the key metabolic pathways for glucose and xylose utilization and fatty acid synthesis in the walnut endophytic bacterium (WEB) Bacillus subtilis HB1310. RESULTS The genome sequence of WEB HB1310 was generated with a size of 4.1 Mb and GC content of 43.5%. Genome annotation indicated that the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, pentose phosphate, and fatty acid synthesis pathways were mainly involved in mixed sugar utilization and lipid production. In particular, diverse and abundant fatty acid synthesis genes were observed in a higher number than in other Bacillus strains. The tricarboxylic acid cycle competitively shared the carbon flux flowing before 48 h, and the acetic acid fermentation competed after 72 h. Moreover, fatty acid synthase activity was highly correlated with lipid titer with a correlation coefficient of 0.9626, and NADPH might be more utilized for the lipid synthesis within 48 h. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first attempt to explain the metabolic mechanism of mixed sugar utilization and lipid production based on genomic information, which provides a theoretical basis for the metabolic regulation of bacterial lipid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Rugnini L, Rossi C, Antonaroli S, Rakaj A, Bruno L. The Influence of Light and Nutrient Starvation on Morphology, Biomass and Lipid Content in Seven Strains of Green Microalgae as a Source of Biodiesel. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081254. [PMID: 32824816 PMCID: PMC7464752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of clean and renewable energy sources is currently one of the most important challenges facing the world. Although research interests in algae-based energy have been increasing in the last decade, only a small percentage of the bewildering diversity exhibited by microalgae has been investigated for biodiesel production. In this work, seven strains of green microalgae belonging to the genera Scenedesmus, Tetradesmus and Desmodesmus were grown in liquid medium with or without a nitrogen (N) source—at two different irradiances (120 ± 20 and 200 ± 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1)—to evaluate biomass production and FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) content for biodiesel production. The strains of Tetradesmus obliquus and Desmodesmus abundans grown in N-deprived medium showed the highest FAME content (22.0% and 34.6%, respectively); lipid profile characterization highlighted the abundance of saturated FAME (as C16:0 and C18:0) that favors better viscosity (flow properties) and applicability of biodiesel at low temperatures. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy observations were employed as a fast method to monitor the vital status of cells and lipid droplet accumulation after Nile red staining in different culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Rugnini
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Catia Rossi
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Simonetta Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Arnold Rakaj
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Bruno
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.R.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3383784941
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Morando-Grijalva CA, Vázquez-Larios AL, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Ortega-Clemente LA, Robledo-Narváez PN. Isolation of a freshwater microalgae and its application for the treatment of wastewater and obtaining fatty acids from tilapia cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28575-28584. [PMID: 32212076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, isolated strains of the microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. (CH) and Chlorella vulgaris (CV) were used to treat aquaculture wastewater and to obtain fatty acids and from a fattening culture of tilapia. The microalgae were cultivated for 11 days in tubular photobioreactors with an operating volume of 2 L, constant aeration and illumination. High removal rates of NO3- and PO43- were achieved for both Chlamydomonas sp. (84.7% and 96%, respectively) and Chlorella vulgaris (94.6 and 97.9%, respectively). The maximum biomass productivity achieved by Chlamydomonas sp. was 0.06 and 0.10 gL-1d-1 for Chlorella vulgaris. Therefore, tilapia wastewater contained the necessary nutrient concentration for algal growth and development. Chlamydomonas sp. biomass lipid content was 69%, while that of Chlorella vulgaris was 40%. The lipid profile of both microalgae was abundant in palmitic acid (78% for Chlamydomonas sp. and 35% for Chlorella vulgaris). This fatty acid is suitable for biodiesel production. Tilapia wastewater is low-cost alternative culture medium as it contains the necessary nutrient concentration for microalgae development and growth.
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