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Hiller E, Faragó T, Kolesár M, Filová L, Mihaljevič M, Jurkovič Ľ, Demko R, Machlica A, Štefánek J, Vítková M. Metal(loid)s in urban soil from historical municipal solid waste landfill: Geochemistry, source apportionment, bioaccessibility testing and human health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142677. [PMID: 38908448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Landfills, especially those poorly managed, can negatively affect the environment and human beings through chemical contamination of soils and waters. This study investigates the soils of a historical municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill situated in the heart of a residential zone in the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, with an emphasis on metal (loid) contamination and its consequences. Regardless of the depth, many of the soils exhibited high metal (loid) concentrations, mainly Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn (up to 24, 2620, 2420, 134, 811 and 6220 mg/kg, respectively), classifying them as extremely contaminated based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo >5). The stable lead isotopic ratios of the landfill topsoil varied widely (1.1679-1.2074 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.0573-2.1111 for 208Pb/206Pb) and indicated that Pb contained a natural component and an anthropogenic component, likely municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash and construction waste. Oral bioaccessibility of metal (loid)s in the topsoil was variable with Cd (73.2-106%) and Fe (0.98-2.10%) being the most and least bioaccessible, respectively. The variation of metal (loid) bioaccessibility among the soils could be explained by differences in their geochemical fractionation as shown by positive correlations of bioaccessibility values with the first two fractions of BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction for As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn. The results of geochemical fractionation coupled with the mineralogical characterisation of topsoil showed that the reservoir of bioaccessible metal (loid)s was calcite and Fe (hydr)oxides. Based on aqua regia metal (loid) concentrations, a non-carcinogenic risk was demonstrated for children (HI = 1.59) but no risk taking into account their bioaccessible concentrations (HI = 0.65). This study emphasises the need for detailed research of the geochemistry of wastes deposited in urban soils to assess the potentially hazardous sources and determine the actual bioaccessibility and human health risks of the accumulated metal (loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tomáš Faragó
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martin Kolesár
- DEKONTA Slovensko, Ltd., Odeská 49, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Filová
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina 1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Rastislav Demko
- Department of Older Geological Formations, Division of Geology, State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr, Mlynská dolina 1, 817 04 Bratislava 11, Slovak Republic.
| | - Andrej Machlica
- DEKONTA Slovensko, Ltd., Odeská 49, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ján Štefánek
- DEKONTA Slovensko, Ltd., Odeská 49, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Nguyen LH, Tran TVN, Hoang MG, Nguyen HG, Tong TK, Isobe Y, Kawasaki M, Ishigaki T, Kawamoto K. Material and monetary flows of construction and demolition waste and assessment on physical and environmental properties of illegally dumped construction and demolition waste in Hanoi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125965-125976. [PMID: 38008831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to investigate the material and monetary flows of CDW management and to characterize the distribution of illegally dumped CDW in Hanoi. Construction and demolition waste management has become a source of much concern to the urban authorities and citizens of big cities in Vietnam. It is estimated that 3000 t of CDW were generated per day from construction and demolition activities in Hanoi, but only 45% of the CDW was received at official landfills, while 55% of the CDW was disposed of elsewhere. The consequences of improper waste management are potentially alarming. The study conducted interviews to identify the material and cash flow associated with licensed and unlicensed contractors in CDW classification, transportation, treatment, and disposal, to characterize the distribution of illegally dumped CDW in two districts in Hanoi (urban and suburban districts), and to assess the composition of dumped CDW and environmental assessment of illegally dumped CDW by chemical analyses such as leaching and content tests. The study concluded that illegal dumping was performed mostly by unlicensed private companies. The illegally dumped CDW was mostly composed of mixed materials such as concrete, bricks, stones, and some hazardous materials such as asbestos and gypsum were found. The environmental concern of illegally dumped CDW was mostly dust, blockage of water ways, and inundation of increased suspended solids, whereas the heavy metal leaching concentration of all samples was below the environmental standards in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No. 55, Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Viet Nga Tran
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No. 55, Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Minh Giang Hoang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No. 55, Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Giang Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No. 55, Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ton Kien Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No. 55, Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Yugo Isobe
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama, 3470115, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawasaki
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama, 3470115, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ishigaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058506, Japan
| | - Ken Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama, 3388570, Japan
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Zhang C, Wang G, Xu F, Wu Z, Shen C, Wu C, Zhong Z, Chen J. Ceramsite made from remediated soil: A risk assessment of its potential role serving as urban street cushion. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:15. [PMID: 37452857 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To promote the reuse of remediated soil (RS) and facilitate the cleanup of rainwater in sponge city, we investigated the effects of ceramsite made from RS serving as urban street cushion. Ceramsite was prepared by RS or pollution-free soil (PS) and showed no difference in physical properties. Compared with gravel, ceramsite had purification effects on effluents, reducing the content of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and ammoniacal nitrogen. However, the content of total phosphorus and the concentration of Cr(VI) and arsenic slightly increased in ceramsite groups, inferring potential risk. Microbial community analysis proved that ceramsite promoted microbial growth and increased microbial diversity. A long-term risk assessment indicated that ceramsite was good at fixing heavy metals during leaching process. Taken together, ceramsite prepared from RS could serve as excellent urban street cushion with little potential risk to surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Protect Technology, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China
| | - Genfu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fengjun Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Protect Technology, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Protect Technology, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R. China.
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
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Challenges in Using Handheld XRFs for In Situ Estimation of Lead Contamination in Buildings. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead in buildings can be found in certain materials such as paints or can be a result of contamination during the use stage. In situ methods for lead identification can be vital for the proper treatment of hazardous CDW (from repair works or selective demolition). A conventional handheld XRF (HHXRF) spectrometer can be used for this purpose, and this study analysed its reliability. A laboratory experiment was conducted to test different calibrations, and to establish a procedure for the conversion of the HHXRF lead concentrations into lead loadings. Model latex paint with a constant lead content was used on two types of surfaces (plasterboard and concrete). A field study was performed to identify and quantify the lead in paint on masonry walls in a public building. ICP-MS analysis was performed in order to verify the lead content. The coefficients of proportionality in the proposed model depend on various parameters: the contamination type, the layer thickness, the substrate, and the built-in calibrations. Despite the limitations of the HHXRF and the discrepancy of the mean lead loadings from the HHXRF and ICP-MS analysis, the HHXRF can be useful for the identification of lead in paint layers up to 1 mm, with a low limit of detection of the order of 0.01 mg/cm2 at worst.
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Molla AS, Tang P, Sher W, Bekele DN. Chemicals of concern in construction and demolition waste fine residues: A systematic literature review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113654. [PMID: 34482107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of chemical additives in construction and their potential threat to the environment and human health, many C&DW studies lack a comprehensive view of chemicals of concern (COC) in C&DW. This study systematically reviewed published studies from 2010 to August 2021 using a keyword search methodology to explore COC in C&DW fine residues based on 73 articles identified from 5 prominent databases. Results show that trace/heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Pb) as well as high concentrations of toxic gasses (methane, hydrogen sulphide and mercury vapour) have been reported in landfills. Besides, organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and brominated flame retardants have been found in landfill leachates in the Netherlands and widely detected in landfill leachates in Sweden, Japan, and Canada. The potential of these contaminants to cause health complications has also been reported. Carcinogenicity, liver and kidney damage, cumulative damage, neurological disorders and foetal damage were reported as associated health implications of exposure to COC from C&DW. A waste disposal lens was used to explore the factors that influence the environment and human health impacts (pH, gypsum and organic content, size fraction, atmospheric exposure and liquid infiltration rate). Despite environmental and health issues relating to C&DW fine residues, the ultimate destination for C&DW fine residues remains in general landfills. Although significant efforts in managing C&DW have been implemented at various levels, those specifically targeting C&DW fine residues remain sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Sewhunegn Molla
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Patrick Tang
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Willy Sher
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Dawit Nega Bekele
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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