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Visentin C, Braun AB, Reginatto C, Cecchin I, Vanzetto GV, Thomé A. Are contaminated soil and groundwater remediation with nanoscale zero-valent iron sustainable? An analysis of case studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124167. [PMID: 38754689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is globally the main nanomaterial used in contaminated site remediation. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of using nZVI in the nanoremediation of contaminated sites and to determine the factors that affect the sustainability of the use of nZVI in remediation. Five case studies of nZVI use on a pilot scale were selected. Life cycle analysis tools were used to evaluate environmental, economic, social impacts, and sustainability. The functional unit of the life cycle analyses was 1.00 m3 of remediated soil and groundwater. Case study of Brazil was the least sustainable, while case study of United States was the most sustainable. Only the modification of the functional unit results in variations in the sustainability index. Different factors influence the sustainability of nZVI in remediation, the main factor being the amount of nZVI used in the processes. Finally, this work contributes significantly to the state-of-the-art sustainable use of nZVI in remediation. This is a pioneering study in the detailed and comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of the use of nZVI in remediation. Through the analysis of case studies, it is possible to determine the main factors that influence the sustainability of the nZVI remediation life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Visentin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Adeli Beatriz Braun
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cleomar Reginatto
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iziquiel Cecchin
- Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Course, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Victor Vanzetto
- Agronomy Course, Educational Development Institute, Avenue Rui Barbosa, 103 - Petropolis, Zip Code 99050-120, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Thomé
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
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Liu P, Nie S, Wang W, Zhang S, Bate B, Chen Y. CFD-DEM study on transport and retention behaviors of nZVI-clay colloids in porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133048. [PMID: 38006862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Transportation process of nano scale zero valent iron (nZVI) in clay-rich soils is complicated and crucial for in-situ remediation of contaminated sites. A coupled computational fluid dynamic and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) was used to investigate the interplays of repulsive and attractive forces and the injection velocity of this process. The screened Coulomb's law was used to represent the electrostatic interaction, and surface energy density was introduced to represent the effects of the van der Waals interaction. A phase diagram was constructed to describe the interplay between injection velocity and repulsive force (in terms of charge of colloids). Under the boundary and initial conditions in this study, clogging formed at low repulsive force (colloidal charge = -1 ×10-15 C), where increment of injection velocity (from 0.002 m/s to 0.02 m/s) cannot prevent clogging, as in the case of bare nZVI transportation with limited mobility; On the other hand, excessive repulsive force (charge = -4 ×10-14 C) is detrimental to nZVI-clay transportation due to repulsion from the concentrated colloids in pore throats, a phenomenon as in the overuse of stabilizers and was defined as the "membrane repulsion effect" in this study. At moderate charge (-1 ×10-14 C), injection velocity increment induced clogging due to aggregates formed at the windward of cylinder and accumulated at the pore throats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Hypergravity Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaokai Nie
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bate Bate
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yunmin Chen
- Hypergravity Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Suazo-Hernández J, Arancibia-Miranda N, Mlih R, Cáceres-Jensen L, Bolan N, Mora MDLL. Impact on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Caused by Metal and Metallic Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:572. [PMID: 36770533 PMCID: PMC9919586 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the release of metal and metallic oxide engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment has generated an increase in their accumulation in agricultural soils, which is a serious risk to the ecosystem and soil health. Here, we show the impact of ENPs on the physical and chemical properties of soils. A literature search was performed in the Scopus database using the keywords ENPs, plus soil physical properties or soil chemical properties, and elements availability. In general, we found that the presence of metal and metallic oxide ENPs in soils can increase hydraulic conductivity and soil porosity and reduce the distance between soil particles, as well as causing a variation in pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh), and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Furthermore, ENPs or the metal cations released from them in soils can interact with nutrients like phosphorus (P) forming complexes or precipitates, decreasing their bioavailability in the soil solution. The results depend on the soil properties and the doses, exposure duration, concentrations, and type of ENPs. Therefore, we suggest that particular attention should be paid to every kind of metal and metallic oxide ENPs deposited into the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Suazo-Hernández
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Rawan Mlih
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ), 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Lizethly Cáceres-Jensen
- Physical & Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (PachemLab), Nucleus of Computational Thinking and Education for Sustainable Development (NuCES), Center for Research in Education (CIE-UMCE), Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan University of Educational Sciences, Santiago 776019, Chile
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - María de la Luz Mora
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Wu W, Han L, Nie X, Gu M, Li J, Chen M. Effects of multiple injections on the transport of CMC-nZVI in saturated sand columns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147160. [PMID: 33901948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The multiple injections of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) slurry, an efficient method to remediate contaminated groundwater, requires an accurate assessment of the transport and risks of these particles in saturated porous medium. However, the influencing mechanism of nZVI transport under multiple injection conditions is not fully understood. In this experimental study, one-dimensional sand columns were used to evaluate the effects of injection concentrations, particle sizes and surface chemical corrosion on the transport of carboxymethyl cellulose modified nZVI (CMC-nZVI) under triple injection conditions, where the different volumes of NaCl solution were flushed through the columns between the injections. Based on the breakthrough curves and retention profiles under flushing 4 pore volumes of NaCl solution between the injections, the transport of CMC-nZVI particles was gradually enhanced attributable to the exclusion among these particles at injection concentration of 200 mg/L, but the opposite was observed due to large aggregation caused by strong magnetic force among particles at 500 mg/L. However, the magnitudes of enhancement or reduction on maximum C/C0 under the above injection concentrations were related to the smallest particle size of Dh = 3.926 μm because of high particle number concentrations leading to intense competition on depositional sites at 200 mg/L and significant aggregation at 500 mg/L. Conversely, the transport of CMC-nZVI was reduced under flushing 76 pore volumes of NaCl solution between the injections because of pronounced corrosion of CMC-nZVI in water as evidenced by the XPS and XRD analyses of particles. This corrosion could cause the decrease in repulsion among particles due to the increase in surface negative zeta potential and the CMC desorption from nZVI. Accordingly, this study revealed that relative high injection concentrations and chemical corrosion in groundwater could restrain the mobility of nZVI under multiple injection conditions and the potential risks posed by CMC-nZVI are controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co Ltd, 8 Yuanhua Road, Innovation Building 106, Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Zhu F, Liu T, Zhang Z, Liang W. Remediation of hexavalent chromium in column by green synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron/nickel: Factors, migration model and numerical simulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111572. [PMID: 33254420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, green tea extracts synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron/nickel (GT-nZVI/Ni) was prepared and the Cr(VI) contaminated soil column was remediated by GT-nZVI/Ni suspension. The influence factors including the concentration, pH value and flow rate of GT-nZVI/Ni suspension were studied. Under the conditions of pH = 4, concentration of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 1.25 mL/h, GT-nZVI/Ni suspension had the best reduction and immobilization effect on Cr(VI) in the soil column. Na+ and Ca2+ can promote the immobilization of Cr (VI) in soil, while humic acid weakened the immobilization of Cr (VI). After GT-nZVI/Ni is injected into the soil column, the content of weak acid extractable and reduced chromium is significantly reduced, and the toxic hazard of hexavalent chromium in the soil is greatly reduced. The 1D-CDE model was used to fit the breakthrough curves of Fe(tot), Fe(aq) and Fe(0), and the migration of GT-nZVI/Ni in Cr(VI) contaminated soil was simulated and predicted. Compared with the inert solute Cl-, the breakthrough curves of Fe (tot), Fe (aq) and Fe (0) in Cr (VI) contaminated soil column were significantly lagged, with delay coefficients of 2.465, 2.322 and 3.288, respectively. The reaction of GT-nZVI/Ni with Cr (VI) led to the decrease of Fe mobility. Finally, the outflow concentration of Fe (tot) was 0.064 g/L, and the loss was mainly due to reaction and retention in the soil. About 57.89% of GT-nZVI/Ni was retained in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China 030024.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China 030024
| | - Zichao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China 030024
| | - Wenjing Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China 030024
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Reginatto C, Cecchin I, Heineck KS, Thomé A, Reddy KR. Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031001. [PMID: 32033384 PMCID: PMC7038024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in a clayey residual soil using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Five different ratios between nZVI and Cr(VI) were tested in batch tests (1000/11; 1000/23; 1000/35; 1000/70, and 1000/140 mg/mg) with the soil. With the selected proportion resulting best efficiency, the column tests were conducted, with molded specimens of 5 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height, with different nZVI injection pressures (10, 30, and 100 kPa). The soil was contaminated with 800 mg/kg of Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) and Cr(III) analyses were performed following the USEPA 3060A and USEPA 7196A standards. The results show that the reduction of Cr(VI) is dependent on the ratio between nZVI and Cr(VI), reaching 98% of efficiency. In column tests, the pressure of 30 kPa was the most efficient. As pressure increased, contaminant leaching increased. The permeability decreased over time due to the gradual increase in filtration and formation of oxyhydroxides, limiting nZVI mobility. Overall, nZVI is efficient for soil remediation with Cr(VI), but the injection process can spread the contaminated if not properly controlled during in situ application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleomar Reginatto
- Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS 99001-970, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-5433168217
| | - Iziquiel Cecchin
- Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Course, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS 99001-970, Brazil;
| | - Karla Salvagni Heineck
- Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99 Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Thomé
- Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS 99001-970, Brazil;
| | - Krishna R. Reddy
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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