1
|
Shang L, Ke F, Xu X, Feng M, Li W. Temporal Dynamics and Influential Factors of Taste and Odor Compounds in the Eastern Drinking Water Source of Chaohu Lake, China: A Comparative Analysis of Global Freshwaters. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:264. [PMID: 38922158 PMCID: PMC11209420 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating proliferation of cyanobacteria poses significant taste and odor (T/O) challenges, impacting freshwater ecosystems, public health, and water treatment costs. We examined monthly variations in four T/O compounds from September 2011 to August 2012 in Chaohu Lake's eastern drinking water source (DECL). More importantly, we compared the reported T/O occurrence and the related factors in freshwater bodies worldwide. The assessment of T/O issues indicated a severe and widespread problem, with many cases surpassing odor threshold values. Remarkably, China reported the highest frequency and severity of odor-related problems. A temporal analysis revealed variations in odor occurrences within the same water body across different years, emphasizing the need to consider high values in all seasons for water safety. Globally, T/O issues were widespread, demanding attention to variations within the same water body and across different layers. Algae were crucial contributors to odor compounds, necessitating targeted interventions due to diverse odorant sources and properties. A correlation analysis alone lacked definitive answers, emphasizing the essential role of further validation, such as algae isolation. Nutrients are likely to have influenced the T/O, as GSM and MIB correlated positively with nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in DECL, resulting in proposed control recommendations. This study offers recommendations for freshwater ecosystem management and serves as a foundation for future research and management strategies to address T/O challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Fan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiangen Xu
- Changzhou Academy of Environmental Science, Changzhou 213022, China;
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.K.); (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi X, Huang Q, Shen X, Wu J, Nan J, Li J, Lu H, Yang C. Distribution, driving forces, and risk assessment of 2-MIB and its producer in a drinking water source-oriented shallow lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27506-z. [PMID: 37162675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater blooms of harmful cyanobacteria in drinking water source-oriented shallow lakes affect public health and ecosystem services worldwide. Therefore, identifying 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-producing cyanobacteria and predicting the risks of 2-MIB are critical for managing 2-MIB-infected water sources. Previous studies on the potential producers and risks of 2-MIB have focused on reservoirs or have been limited by the ecosystems of phytoplankton-dominated areas. We investigated the producers, distribution, and occurrence of 2-MIB in East Taihu Lake-a drinking water source-oriented shallow lake with macrophyte- and phytoplankton-dominated areas-from August 2020 to November 2021. We observed that Pseudanabaena sp. produces 2-MIB in this lake, as determined by the maximum correlation coefficient (R = 0.71, p < 0.001), maximum detection rate, and minimum false positive/negative ratio exhibited by this genus. Extreme odor events occurred in this lake during late summer and early autumn in 2021, with the mean 2-MIB concentration increasing to 727 ± 426 ng/L and 369 ± 176 ng/L in August and September, respectively. Moreover, the macrophyte-dominated area, particularly the wetland area, exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in bloom intensity and 2-MIB production during these extreme odor events. Pseudanabaena sp. outbreak was likely owing to eutrophication, seasonal gradients, and macrophyte reduction, considering that temporal trends were consistent with high water temperature, high total phosphorus levels, and low-light conditions. Moreover, 2-MIB production was sensitive to short-term hydrometeorological processes, with high water levels and radiant intensity enhancing 2-MIB production. The risk assessment results showed that the probability of 2-MIB concentration exceeding the odor threshold (10 ng/L) is up to 90% when the cell density of Pseudanabaena sp. reaches 1.8 × 107 cell/L; this risk is reduced to 50 and 25% at densities of < 3.8 × 105 cell/L and 5.6 × 104 cell/L, respectively. Our findings support calls for shallow lake management efforts to maintain a macrophyte-dominated state and control odorous cyanobacteria growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou, 215200, China
- Bureau of Water Resource of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Jianbin Wu
- Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou, 215200, China
- Bureau of Water Resource of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Jing Nan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiming Lu
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Changtao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou, 215200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang C, Shen X, Shi X, Cui Z, Nan J, Lu H, Li J, Huang Q. Impact of submerged macrophytes on growth and 2-MIB release risk of Pseudanabaena sp.: From field monitoringa to cultural experiments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130052. [PMID: 36182878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The off-flavor compound 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is generally associated with the proliferation and metabolism of filamentous cyanobacteria in shallow freshwater ecosystems. Here field monitoring in East Taihu Lake from July to October 2021, along with cultural experiments, was conducted to determine the impact of submerged macrophytes on the growth and 2-MIB production of filamentous cyanobacteria. Pseudanabaena sp. was identified as the 2-MIB producer with the highest detection rate (100%) and correlation coefficient (R=0.68, p < 0.001). The 2-MIB concentration and algal growth in the macrophyte-dominated zones were markedly decreased compared with those in the phytoplankton-dominated zone. Five submerged macrophytes classified into flat-leaf type (Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton crispus) and thin-leaf type (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Myriophyllum spicatum) exhibited strong inhibition effects against Pseudanabaena sp.: Overall inhibition efficiencies (IEs) of 92.7% ± 6.8% and 92.7% ± 8.4% for cell growth and 2-MIB production were achieved, respectively. Moreover, the thin-leaf macrophytes exhibited significant higher IEs for cell growth (94.0% vs. 84.7%) and 2-MIB production (99.4% vs. 82.6%) than the flat-leaf macrophytes and can be selected as pioneer species in controlling odor problems. Nutrient uptake, increasing water clarity, shading effects, and allelopathic effects of the submerged macrophytes were found to be the dominant inhibition mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changtao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou 215200, China; Bureau of Water Resource of Wujiang District, Suzhou 215228, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Research Center for Aquatic Ecology of East Taihu Lake, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Zhijie Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Nan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiming Lu
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu W, Xu F, Liu Y, Zhang D. Assessment of rural ecological environment development in China's moderately developed areas: a case study of Xinxiang, Henan province. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:801. [PMID: 34773500 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reforming and opening-up has brought about the rapid development of China's economy, greatly improved the living standards of rural residents, and also caused the destruction of the rural ecological environment. Due to the backward production technology and pollution control technology, many township enterprises discharge excessive pollutants, and excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production causes serious agricultural non-point source pollution. These pollution sources that cannot be effectively controlled cause a large number of water and land resource function decline. Not only the loss of agricultural production, but they also bring hidden danger to the survival of many rural residents. Taking Xinxiang city of Hunan province as an example, this paper selects 28 indicators and mainly uses AHP, entropy weight method, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate and analyze the development level of rural ecological environment. This study can provide a reference for the Chinese government to formulate rural development planning and can also be used as a reference for the evaluation of rural ecological environment in developed and underdeveloped areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of Accounting, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 211815, China.
| | - Fen Xu
- Department Economy and Management, Ma'anshan Technology College, 243002, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Yunzhe Liu
- School of Government Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 211815, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Government Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 211815, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chislock MF, Olsen BK, Choi J, Abebe A, Bleier TL, Wilson AE. Contrasting patterns of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) vs. geosmin across depth in a drinking water reservoir are mediated by cyanobacteria and actinobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:32005-32014. [PMID: 33620686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor episodes caused by off-flavor secondary metabolites, such as 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, pose one of the greatest challenges for drinking water utilities around the world. The prevalence of these compounds is predicted to increase in the future as a function of nutrient enrichment and elevated temperatures of surface drinking water sources. We conducted a manipulative field experiment in a drinking water reservoir to elucidate patterns for two taste and odor compounds, MIB and geosmin, as well as two taxa known to produce these compounds, phytoplankton (more specifically, cyanobacteria) and actinobacteria, across different depths in response to nutrient enrichment with two common dissolved nitrogen forms, organic urea or inorganic nitrate. In general, we found that MIB levels increased by greater than 250% with nutrient enrichment mediated by increased phytoplankton biomass. However, the effect of the fertilization treatments on MIB decreased with depth with a 35% reduction at 7 m versus 1.5 m. In contrast, geosmin levels reached a maximum at the lowest measured depth (7 m), were unaffected by the fertilization treatments, and followed a similar pattern to the abundance of actinobacteria. Thus, our data suggest that the positive response of phytoplankton (e.g., cyanobacteria, such as Oscillatoria species) to the fertilization treatments is likely responsible for increased MIB, while geosmin concentrations may be a function of actinobacteria-mediated decomposition in the hypolimnion in our study system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Chislock
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, SUNY-Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Brianna K Olsen
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, 5301 Northshore Drive, North Little Rock, AR, 72118, USA
| | - Jiyeong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ash Abebe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Tammy L Bleier
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, SUNY-Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li M, Bi X, Li R. Editorial special issue on cyanobacterial blooms and water ecological restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42195-42197. [PMID: 32986194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangdong Bi
- College of Fishery, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|