1
|
Huang J, Lin S, Zhou J, Chen H, Tang S, Wu J, Huang S, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Dissipation and Distribution of Prochloraz in Bananas and a Risk Assessment of Its Dietary Intake. TOXICS 2022; 10:435. [PMID: 36006113 PMCID: PMC9415821 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a systematic fungicide, prochloraz is often used to control banana freckle disease, and it is significant to assess the safety and risk of prochloraz. METHODS The dissipation kinetics and distribution of prochloraz in bananas were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results showed that the fortified recoveries in bananas were 83.01-99.12%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.45-7.84%. The half-life of prochloraz in banana peel (3.93-5.60 d) was significantly lower than it was in whole banana (8.25-10.80 d) and banana pulp (10.35-12.84 d). The terminal residue of prochloraz in banana fruits was below the maximum residue level (MRL, China) at pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 21 d. Moreover, the residue of prochloraz in banana peel was always 1.06-7.71 times greater than it was in banana pulp. The dietary risk assessment results indicated that the prochloraz residue in bananas at PHI of 21 d was safe for representative populations. (4) Conclusions: We found that a 26.7% prochloraz emulsion oil in water (EW) diluted 1000-fold and sprayed three times under field conditions was safe and reliable, providing a reference for the safe application of prochloraz in bananas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Sukun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Huiya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Shiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Suqing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu F, Ren W, Fang X, Chen L, Zha X. Residues, dissipation, and safety evaluation of pymetrozine-clothianidin mixture in strawberry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22641-22650. [PMID: 33420934 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The residue detection method and field dissipation dynamics of the pymetrozine-clothianidin mixture in strawberries were investigated combining QuEChERS pretreatment and LC-MS/MS analysis to provide a reference for the safe use of pymetrozine and clothianidin mixture on strawberries. Good linearity (R2 > 0.999) was obtained for pymetrozine and clothianidin within the range of 0.005-1 μg mL-1. Method validations indicated that the recovery for pymetrozine and clothianidin was 84.2-101.4%, intra-day and inter-day repeatability ranged from 1.8 to 8.1% and from 4.1 to 7.0%, respectively. Following application of the recommended dose in field trials, pymetrozine and clothianidin dissipation followed first-order kinetics with half-lives of 6.8-13.9 days in strawberries at four locations. Moreover, owing to risk quotient < 100%, a mixture pesticide of 30% suspension concentrates (25% pymetrozine + 5% clothianidin) was unlikely to give rise to vital health concerns to humans following the recommended application guidelines. This study can be utilized in safety assessment and developing spray schedules for this mixed pesticide in strawberries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xinting Fang
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xinxin Zha
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu D, Ping L, Qian R, Chen C, Hong Y, Tong Z, Yang X. Dissipation behavior, residue dynamics, and dietary risk assessment of forchlorfenuron in postharvest kiwifruits during simulated cold chain logistics and store shelf life. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20002-20011. [PMID: 33410058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is often applied during the cultivation of kiwifruit to produce larger fruit. To address degradation patterns of CPPU during simulated cold chain logistics and simulated shelf life of the fruit after harvest, appropriate storage methods and safe consumption behavior can be investigated. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was adopted to detect CPPU residues under different conditions. CPPU in kiwifruit stored at 6 °C had a half-life of 40.8-77.0 days. However, when kiwifruit was stored at 0 °C under simulated cold chain storage conditions, the half-life of CPPU was 63.0-115.5 days, implying that lower storage temperatures can reduce the degradation rate of CPPU. The residues of CPPU in kiwifruit pulp declined with time, and the reduction followed the first-order kinetics equation. More CPPU residues were present in the pulp of postharvest kiwifruit treated with exogenous ethylene than in the pulp of untreated kiwifruit. Thus, using exogenous ethylene for artificial ripening after harvest is not recommended. We determined that the appropriate cold chain storage temperature is 6 °C. It is recommended that the public select kiwifruit stored for at least 2 weeks. The estimated chronic and acute dietary risk quotients of CPPU are ≤ 0.79% and ≤ 0.11%, respectively. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that consumers will be poisoned by CPPU due to kiwifruit consumption. Our results provide scientific evidence regarding the adoption of appropriate kiwifruit storage methods and consumption behavior to enhance consumption safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Zhu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renyun Qian
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Hong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxuan Tong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|