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Van Overmeiren P, Demeestere K, De Wispelaere P, Gili S, Mangold A, De Causmaecker K, Mattielli N, Delcloo A, Langenhove HV, Walgraeve C. Four Years of Active Sampling and Measurement of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1577-1588. [PMID: 38194437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica, protected by its strong polar vortex and sheer distance from anthropogenic activity, was always thought of as pristine. However, as more data on the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants on Antarctica emerge, the question arises of how fast the long-range atmospheric transport takes place. Therefore, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated (oxy-)PAHs were sampled from the atmosphere and measured during 4 austral summers from 2017 to 2021 at the Princess Elisabeth station in East Antarctica. The location is suited for this research as it is isolated from other stations and activities, and the local pollution of the station itself is limited. A high-volume sampler was used to collect the gas and particle phase (PM10) separately. Fifteen PAHs and 12 oxy-PAHs were quantified, and concentrations ranging between 6.34 and 131 pg m3 (Σ15PAHs-excluding naphthalene) and between 18.8 and 114 pg m3 (Σ13oxy-PAHs) were found. Phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene were the most abundant PAHs. The gas-particle partitioning coefficient log(Kp) was determined for 6 compounds and was found to lie between 0.5 and -2.5. Positive matrix factorization modeling was applied to the data set to determine the contribution of different sources to the observed concentrations. A 6-factor model proved a good fit to the data set and showed strong variations in the contribution of different air masses. During the sampling campaign, a number of volcanic eruptions occurred in the southern hemisphere from which the emission plume was detected. The FLEXPART dispersion model was used to confirm that the recorded signal is indeed influenced by volcanic eruptions. The data was used to derive a transport time of between 11 and 33 days from release to arrival at the measurement site on Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preben Van Overmeiren
- EnVOC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- EnVOC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Wispelaere
- EnVOC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefania Gili
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, 208 Guyot Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Alexander Mangold
- Atmospheric Composition, Measurements and Modeling Group, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen De Causmaecker
- Atmospheric Composition, Measurements and Modeling Group, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- G-Time Laboratory, Département des Géosciences, Environnement et Société, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. A. Depage 30, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andy Delcloo
- Atmospheric Composition, Measurements and Modeling Group, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI), 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- EnVOC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Walgraeve
- EnVOC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Li J, Gao L, Chen J, Zhang WW, Zhang XY, Wang B, Zhang C, Wang Y, Huang YC, Wang H, Wei W, Xu DX. Mitochondrial ROS-mediated ribosome stalling and GCN2 activation are partially involved in 1-nitropyrene-induced steroidogenic inhibition in testes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107393. [PMID: 35843074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, testosterone (T) level in men has declined gradually. In this research, we discovered that acute exposure to 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), an environmental stressor from polluted atmosphere, reduced T contents by downregulating steroidogenic proteins in mouse testes and Leydig cells. Acute 1-NP exposure caused GCN2 activation and eIF2α phosphorylation, a marker of integrated stress, in mouse testes and Leydig cells. GCN2iB, a selective GCN2 kinase inhibitor, and siGCN2, the GCN2-targeted short interfering RNA, attenuated 1-NP-induced reduction of steroidogenic proteins in Leydig cells. Mechanistically, mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced and ATP5A, UQCRC2, SDHB and NDUFB8, four OXPHOS subunits, were reduced in 1-NP-exposed Leydig cells. Cellular mitochondrial respiration was inhibited and ATP production was reduced. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated in 1-NP-exposed Leydig cells. The interaction between GCN2 and uL10, a marker of ribosome stalling, was observed in 1-NP-exposed Leydig cells. MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, attenuated1-NP-evoked ATP depletion and ribosome stalling in Leydig cells. Moreover, MitoQ suppressed 1-NP-caused GCN2 activation and eIF2α phosphorylation in Leydig cells. In addition, MitoQ alleviated 1-NP-induced steroidogenic inhibition in mouse testes. In conclusion, mitochondrial ROS-mediated ribosome stalling and GCN2 activation are partially involved in environmental stress-induced steroidogenic inhibition in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory & Immune Medicine, Education Ministry of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Metagenomic Characterization of Resistance Genes in Deception Island and Their Association with Mobile Genetic Elements. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071432. [PMID: 35889151 PMCID: PMC9320737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are undergoing a remarkably rapid geographic expansion in various ecosystems, including pristine environments such as Antarctica. The study of ARGs and environmental resistance genes (ERGs) mechanisms could provide a better understanding of their origin, evolution, and dissemination in these pristine environments. Here, we describe the diversity of ARGs and ERGs and the importance of mobile genetic elements as a possible mechanism for the dissemination of resistance genes in Antarctica. We analyzed five soil metagenomes from Deception Island in Antarctica. Results showed that detected ARGs are associated with mechanisms such as antibiotic efflux, antibiotic inactivation, and target alteration. On the other hand, resistance to metals, surfactants, and aromatic hydrocarbons were the dominant ERGs. The taxonomy of ARGs showed that Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Staphylococcus could be key taxa for studying antibiotic resistance and environmental resistance to stress in Deception Island. In addition, results showed that ARGs are mainly associated with phage-type mobile elements suggesting a potential role in their dissemination and prevalence. Finally, these results provide valuable information regarding the ARGs and ERGs in Deception Island including the potential contribution of mobile genetic elements to the spread of ARGs and ERGs in one of the least studied Antarctic ecosystems to date.
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Qiao M, Qi W, Liu H, Qu J. Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface water environment: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and sources. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107232. [PMID: 35427839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) have been ubiquitously detected in atmospheric, soil, sediment, and water environments, some of which show higher concentrations and toxicities than the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The occurrence, source, fate, risks and methods of analysis for OPAHs in the atmosphere, soil, and the whole environment (comprising the atmosphere, soil, water, and biota) have been reviewed, but reviews focusing on OPAHs in the water environment have been lacking. Due to the higher polarity and water solubility of OPAHs than PAHs, OPAHs exist preferentially in water environments. In this review, the occurrence, ecological toxicity and source of OPAHs in surface water environments are investigated in detail. Most OPAHs show higher concentrations than the corresponding PAHs in surface water environments. OPAHs pose non-ignorable ecological risks to surface water ecosystems. Wastewater treatment plant effluent, atmospheric deposition, surface runoff, photochemical and microbiological transformation, and sediment release are possible sources for OPAHs in surface water. This review will fill important knowledge gaps on the migration and transformation of typical OPAHs in multiple media and their environmental impact on surface water environments. Further studies on OPAHs in the surface environment, including their ecotoxicity with the co-existing PAHs and mass flows of OPAHs from atmospheric deposition, surface runoff, transformation from PAHs, and sediment release, are also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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