1
|
Peng H, Yi L, Liu C. Spatial distribution, chemical fractionation and risk assessment of Cr in soil from a typical industry smelting site in Hunan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:113. [PMID: 38478134 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The closure or relocation of many industrial enterprises has resulted in a significant number of abandoned polluted sites enriched in heavy metals to various degrees, causing a slew of environmental problems. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research on heavy metal contamination in the soil of industrial abandoned sites. In this study, soils at different depths were collected in a smelting site located in Hunan Province, China, to understand the Cr distribution, speciation and possible risks. The results revealed that the high-content Cr and Cr(VI) contamination centers were mainly concentrated near S1 (Sample site 1) and S5. The longitudinal migration law of chromium was relatively complex, not showing a simply uniform trend of decreasing gradually with depth but presenting a certain volatility. The vertical distribution characteristics of chromium and Cr(VI) pollution suggest the need for attention to the pollution from chromium slag in groundwater and deep soil layers. The results of different speciation of Cr extracted by the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method showed that Cr existed primarily in the residual state (F4), with a relatively low content in the weak acid extraction state (F1). The correlation analysis indicated that Cr was affected by total Cr, pH, organic matter and total carbon during the longitudinal migration process. The RSP results revealed that the smelting site as a whole had a moderate level of pollution. Soil at depths of 2-5 m was more polluted than other soil layers. Consequently, it is necessary to treat the site soil as a whole, especially the subsoil layer (2-5 m). Health risk assessment demonstrated that the soil chromium pollution was hazardous to both adults and children, and the probability of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was relatively high in the latter group. As a result, children should be a group of special concern regarding the assessment and remediation of soil contaminated with Cr. This study can provide some insight into the contamination characteristics, ecological and health risks of chromium in contaminated soils and offer a scientific basis for the prevention and control of chromium pollution at abandoned smelting sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Peng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Yi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengai Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Qi L, Wang B, Medley P, Drake J, Vernon J, Ibeanusi V, Chen G. Assess long-term As, Pb and Cr contamination and uptake by Eriocaulon decangulare in the Apalachicola National Forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156040. [PMID: 35597343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an effective remediation process for heavy metal contamination. The primary zone of phytoremediation is the rhizosphere where the plants uptake the heavy metals from the soil matrix. The bioavailability of the contaminants in the rhizosphere is affected by the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the rhizosphere. In the study area of the Apalachicola National Forest, the concentrations of As, Pb and Cr in the bulk soil (n = 20) were 515.81, 220.77, and 2.02 mg/kg soil, respectively. Using a sequential extraction method, the bioavailability of heavy metals in the bulk soil (S-NR) and rhizosphere soil (S-R) was characterized. The results showed that the bioavailability of the three heavy metals had the order of Cr > Pb > As for S-NR and Pb > As > Cr for S-R. The bioavailability of these metals was affected by the nature of the heavy metals and the soil physicochemical properties. Native plant Eriocaulon decangulare could uptake a large number of heavy metals from the natural soil, demonstrating great phytoremediation potential for metal contamination. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) mapping successfully located the dominant accumulation of heavy metals in aerial parts of E. decangulare. E. decangulare was also found to be highly selective and Pb and As were both extensively accumulated in the shoots and roots. Cr was significantly immobilized in the rhizosphere soil, and also accumulated in the root of E. decangulare. This study not only correlated the phytoremediation potential with heavy metal bioavailability and soil physicochemical properties, but also demonstrated the important role of the nature of heavy metals played during the phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States of America.
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - Paul Medley
- Center for Spatial Ecology and Restoration, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Jason Drake
- Center for Spatial Ecology and Restoration, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Jordan Vernon
- Center for Spatial Ecology and Restoration, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Victor Ibeanusi
- Center for Spatial Ecology and Restoration, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Application of Phosphate Materials as Constructed Wetland Fillers for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095344. [PMID: 35564738 PMCID: PMC9105325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are an environmentally friendly and economically efficient sewage treatment technology. Heavy metals (HMs) removal is always regarded as one of the most important tasks in constructed wetlands, which have aroused increasing concern in the field of contamination control in recent times. The fillers of constructed wetlands play an important role in HMs removal. However, traditional wetland fillers (e.g., zeolite, sand, and gravel) are known to be imperfect because of their low adsorption capacity. Regarding HMs removal, our work involved the selection of prominent absorbents, the evaluation of adsorption stability for various treatments, and then the possibility of applying this HM removal technology to constructed wetlands. For this purpose, several phosphate materials were tested to remove the heavy metals Cu and Zn. Three good phosphates including hydroxyapatite (HAP), calcium phosphate (CP), and physic acid sodium salt hydrate (PAS) demonstrated fast removal efficiency of HMs (Cu2+, Zn2+) from aqueous solution. The maximum removal rates of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by HAP, CP, and PAS reached 81.6% and 95.8%; 66.9% and 70.4%; 98.8% and 1.99%, respectively. In addition, better adsorption stability of these heavy metals was found to occur with a wide variation of desorption time and pH range. The most remarkable efficiency for heavy metal removal among tested phosphates was PAS, followed by HAP and CP. This study can provide a basis for the application of HMs removal in manmade wetland systems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao L, Wang Y, Deng Z, Wu Q, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Study on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in contaminated rice in vitro and in vivo. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3730-3742. [PMID: 34309019 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal pollutant in the environment that damages human health. In this study, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in different Cd-contaminated rice (low pollution level cadmium rice (Rice-L, 0.111 mg/kg), medium pollution level cadmium rice (Rice-M, 0.400 mg/kg), and high pollution level cadmium rice (Rice-H, 0.655 mg/kg)) were estimated and determined by an in vitro digestion model Rijksinstituut voor volksgezondheiden milieu (RIVM), Caco-2 cell model, and mouse model. The results indicated that Cd in the oral cavity (15.65-28.28%) displayed the lowest bioaccessibility comparing with small intestine (90.04-94.73%) and the stomach (99.30-100.70%) in vitro after cooking. In addition, the results showed that the bioaccessibility of Cd in CdCl2 , CdCl2 +normal rice (Rice-N), Rice-H, Rice-M, Rice-L group were 99.29%, 92.57%, 90.04%, 94.73%, and 91.11%, respectively; the in vitro bioavailability of Cd in CdCl2 , CdCl2 +Rice-N, Rice-H, Rice-M, and Rice-L group were 27.50%, 20.78%, 21.90%, 26.90%, 36.46%, respectively, we found that the group of CdCl2 is significantly higher than CdCl2 +Rice-N and Rice-H (p < 0.05), while the targets hazard quotient (THQ) value of rice ingested without considering the in vitro bioavailability is 2.7-4.6 times than the THQ value with considered and the relative bioavailability (RBA) of Cd in Rice-L, Rice-M, Rice-H are 80.25%, 64.32%, and 60.91%, respectively. These results indicate that the rice substrate has impact on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd, and might overestimate the health risks of Cd if bioavailability was not considered. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Studying the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium in rice is a promising strategy to obtain a more accurate human health risk assessment of cadmium exposure in rice, as well as provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of cadmium limit standard in grain, which was also conducive to the rational and full utilization of rice resources in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yao
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyi Deng
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu H, Li X, Wu S, Lou W, Yang C. Effects of long-term exposure to oxytetracycline on phytoremediation of swine wastewater via duckweed systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125508. [PMID: 34030403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of antibiotics on phytoremediation systems have attracted widespread attention to high concentrations of antibiotics in livestock wastewater. In this work, the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) whose concentration was 0.05-1.00 mg/L on swine wastewater treatment by a duckweed-based phytoremediation systems were explored, including oxidative stress, nutrient production, bioconcentration, and community-level physiological profile. Results showed that the levels of H2O2 and peroxidases (PODs) of duckweed increased with an increase of OTC in the first 8 days. However, oxidative stress of duckweed disappeared after 18 days of exposure, except for 0.05 and 1.00 mg/L. Although OTC has negative effects on the production of high-value nutrients in duckweed, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L OTC promoted the synthesis of starches and flavonoids, and the synthesis of vitamin C could restore after 28 days of exposure. In addition, a community-level physiological profile revealed that 0.05 mg/L OTC could significantly enhance the duckweed associated microorganisms metabolic activity. Therefore, this investigation adds to the understanding of antibiotics stress on high-value nutrients production in hydrophyte when was used to livestock wastewater management and also helps to clarify the metabolism profile of the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes; thereby providing new insight into effects of antibiotic on livestock wastewater phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Wei Lou
- Hunan Province Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Province Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Basar IA, Nzihou A, Eskicioglu C. Hydrochar derived from municipal sludge through hydrothermal processing: A critical review on its formation, characterization, and valorization. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117186. [PMID: 34010736 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Additional options for the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge are required due to the significant amounts of sludge, high levels of nutrients (e.g., C, N, and P), and trace constituents it contains. Hydrothermal processing of municipal sludge has recently been recognized as a promising technology to efficiently reduce waste volume, recover bioenergy, destroy organic contaminants, and eliminate pathogens. However, a considerable amount of solid residue, called hydrochar, could remain after hydrothermal treatment. This hydrochar can contain abundant amounts of energy (with a higher heating value up to 24 MJ/kg, dry basis), nutrients, and trace elements, as well as surface functional groups. The valorization of sludge-derived hydrochar can facilitate the development and application of hydrothermal technologies. This review summarizes the formation pathways from municipal sludge to hydrochar, specifically, the impact of hydrothermal conditions on reaction mechanisms and product distribution. Moreover, this study comprehensively encapsulates the described characteristics of hydrochar produced under a wide range of conditions: Yield, energy density, physicochemical properties, elemental distribution, contaminants of concern, surface functionality, and morphology. More importantly, this review compares and evaluates the current state of applications of hydrochar: Energy production, agricultural application, adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and nutrient recovery. Ultimately, along with the identified challenges and prospects of valorization approaches for sludge-derived hydrochar, conceptual designs of sustainable municipal sludge management are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ibrahim Alper Basar
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR-5302, Campus Jarlard, Albi, 81013 Cedex 09, France.
| | - Cigdem Eskicioglu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Wu S, Yang C, Zeng G. Microalgal and duckweed based constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:123858. [PMID: 32732065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment have been one of the most exciting research topics. Usually hydrophytes based constructed wetlands could not adapt well to high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in swine wastewater, while microalgal and duckweed based constructed wetlands are promising for the nutrient removal. In this critical review, the important roles of microalgae and duckweeds played in wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands were first summarized. Performances including biomass growth, nutrient removal capacities and mechanisms of microalgal and duckweed based constructed wetlands were reviewed for swine wastewater treatment. Challenges for the applications of constructed wetlands including microalgal and duckweed based ones were discussed which includes a better understanding and utilization of synergistic effects among microalgae and duckweeds, difficulty and costs in harvesting biomass, applications in various field conditions including low temperatures, and selections of various types of microalgal and duckweed species. Future research needs were also proposed accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|