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Zhou ZY, Wu L, Liu YF, Tang MY, Tang JY, Deng YQ, Liu L, Nie BB, Zou ZK, Huang L. IRE1α: from the function to the potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1079-1092. [PMID: 37310588 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is generally thought to control the most conserved pathway in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Two isoforms of IRE1, IRE1α and IRE1β, have been reported in mammals. IRE1α is a ubiquitously expressed protein whose knockout shows marked lethality. In contrast, the expression of IRE1β is exclusively restricted in the epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and IRE1β-knockout mice are phenotypically normal. As research continues to deepen, IRE1α was showed to be tightly linked to inflammation, lipid metabolism regulation, cell death and so on. Growing evidence also suggests an important role for IRE1α in promoting atherosclerosis (AS) progression and acute cardiovascular events through disrupting lipid metabolism balance, facilitating cells apoptosis, accelerating inflammatory responses and promoting foam cell formation. In addition, IRE1α was recognized as novel potential therapeutic target in AS prevention. This review provides some clues about the relationship between IRE1α and AS, hoping to contribute to further understanding roles of IRE1α in atherogenesis and to be helpful for the design of novel efficacious therapeutics agents targeting IRE1α-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yao Tang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qian Deng
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Kai Zou
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Singh S, Varshney N, Singothu S, Bhandari V, Jha HC. Influence of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan and their metabolites on the virulence of Helicobacter pylori. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123676. [PMID: 38442821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) and endosulfan (ES) have been associated with a plethora of adverse health effects. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can lead to gastrointestinal diseases by regulating several cellular processes. Thus, the current study focuses on the effect of the co-exposure to pesticides and H. pylori on gastric epithelial cells. We have used the in-silico approach to determine the interactive potential of pesticides and their metabolites with H. pylori-associated proteins. Further, various in-vitro methods depict the potential of ES in enhancing the virulence of H. pylori. Our results showed that ES along with H. pylori affects the mitochondrial dynamics, increases the transcript expression of mitochondrial fission genes, and lowers the mitochondrial membrane potential and biomass. They also promote inflammation and lower oxidative stress as predicted by ROS levels. Furthermore, co-exposure induces the multi-nucleated cells in gastric epithelial cells. In addition, ES along with H. pylori infection follows the extrinsic pathway for apoptotic signaling. H. pylori leads to the NF-κB activation which in turn advances the β-catenin expression. The expression was further enhanced in the co-exposure condition and even more prominent in co-exposure with ES-conditioned media. Thus, our study demonstrated that pesticide and their metabolites enhance the pathogenicity of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Siva Singothu
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Jin D, Guo L, Li X, Zhao D, Feng X, Qi W, Zhu H. Research Progress and Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Cells Inflammation in Vascular-Related Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3593-3617. [PMID: 37641702 PMCID: PMC10460614 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Feng
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Liu R, Yuan T, Wang R, Gong D, Wang S, Du G, Fang L. Insights into Endothelin Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10206. [PMID: 37373355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease which affects the cardiopulmonary system; it is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg as measured by right heart catheterization at rest, and is caused by complex and diverse mechanisms. In response to stimuli such as hypoxia and ischemia, the expression and synthesis of endothelin (ET) increase, leading to the activation of various signaling pathways downstream of it and producing effects such as the induction of abnormal vascular proliferation during the development of the disease. This paper reviews the regulation of endothelin receptors and their pathways in normal physiological processes and disease processes, and describes the mechanistic roles of ET receptor antagonists that are currently approved and used in clinical studies. Current clinical researches on ET are focused on the development of multi-target combinations and novel delivery methods to improve efficacy and patient compliance while reducing side effects. In this review, future research directions and trends of ET targets are described, including monotherapy and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Difei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Li X, Bai Y, Bi Y, Wu Q, Xu S. Baicalin suppressed necroptosis and inflammation against chlorpyrifos toxicity; involving in ER stress and oxidative stress in carp gills. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108883. [PMID: 37285874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has caused large-scale pollution worldwide and posed a threat to non-target organisms. Baicalein (BAI) is a flavonoid extract with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The gills are the mucosal immune organ and the first physical barrier of fish. However, it is not clear whether BAI counteracts organophosphorus pesticide CPF exposure-caused gill damage. Therefore, we established the CPF exposure and BAI intervention models by adding 23.2 μg/L CPF in water and/or 0.15 g/kg BAI in feed for 30 days. The results showed that CPF exposure could cause gill histopathology lesions. Moreover, CPF exposure led to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway activation, and triggered NF-κB-mediated inflammation reaction and necroptosis in carp gills. BAI adding effectively relieved the pathological changes, and lighten inflammation and necroptosis involving in the elF2α/ATF4 and ATF6 pathways through binding to GRP78 protein. Moreover, BAI could ease oxidative stress, but did not affect Nrf2 pathway in carp gills under CPF exposure. These results suggested that BAI feeding could alleviate necroptosis and inflammation against chlorpyrifos toxicity through elF2α/ATF4 and ATF6 axis. The results partially explained the poisoning effect of CPF, and showed BAI could be act as an antidote for organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yichen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Lei N, Song H, Zeng L, Ji S, Meng X, Zhu X, Li X, Feng Q, Liu J, Mu J. Persistent Lipid Accumulation Leads to Persistent Exacerbation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation in Progressive NASH via the IRE1α/TRAF2 Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073185. [PMID: 37049952 PMCID: PMC10095702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic disorder that often leads to other severe liver diseases, yet treatment options are limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important pathogenetic mechanism of NASH and plays a key role in tandem steatosis as well as liver inflammation. This study aims to develop a progressive NASH model through sustained lipid accumulation and to elucidate its molecular mechanism through IRE1α/TRAF2 complex. Male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4, 8, and 12 weeks to induce progressive NASH. MRNA sequencing and PPI analysis were used to screen core genes. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used at each time point to compare differences between each index of progressive NASH at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Sustained lipid accumulation led to structural disruption of the ER, a reduction in ER number, and an increase of lipid droplet aggregation in hepatocytes. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent increase in mRNA and protein expression of the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex, IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway and ASK1/JNK1 signaling pathway, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 also continued to increase. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent exacerbation of ER stress and inflammation in progressive NASH via the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongfei Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Shaoxiu Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuying Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Huang Y, Yuan M, Duan F, Yang Y, Lou B, Lin X. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by 4-phenylbutyrate alleviates retinal inflammation and the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells after ocular alkali burn in mice. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:577-590. [PMID: 35415762 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis is one of the most severe complications that causes permanent visual impairment following ocular alkali burn (OAB). Currently, very few treatment options exist for this condition. This study was conducted to determine the effect of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after OAB using a well-established OAB mouse model. METHODS Ocular alkali burn was induced in C57BL/6 mouse corneas using 1 M NaOH. 4-PBA (10 mg/kg; 250 μL per injection) or saline (250 μL per injection) was injected intraperitoneally once per day for 3 days before the establishment of the OAB model. The apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the histological damage was examined by hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence assay on retinal flat mounts. The key inflammatory response and the expression of ER stress-related markers in the retinal tissues were assessed by real-time PCR, western blotting and histologic analyses. RESULTS 4-PBA significantly alleviated the apoptosis of RGCs and prevented the structural damage of the retina, as determined by the evaluation of RGC density and retinal thickness. Inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA decreased the expression of vital proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1 beta; and suppressed the activation of retinal microglial cells and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). 4-PBA reduced the expression of the ER stress molecules, glucose-regulated protein 78, activated transcription factor 6, inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), X-box-binding protein 1 splicing, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, in the retinal tissues and RGCs of OAB mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA alleviates the inflammatory response via the IRE1/NF-κB signaling pathway and protects the retina and RGCs from injury in an OAB mouse model. Such findings further suggest that 4-PBA might have potential therapeutic implications for OAB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Miner Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bingsheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Lagunas‐Rangel FA, Linnea‐Niemi JV, Kudłak B, Williams MJ, Jönsson J, Schiöth HB. Role of the Synergistic Interactions of Environmental Pollutants in the Development of Cancer. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000552. [PMID: 35493962 PMCID: PMC9036628 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that the large number of environmental pollutants we are exposed to on a daily basis are causing major health problems. Compared to traditional studies that focus on individual pollutants, there are relatively few studies on how pollutants mixtures interact. Several studies have reported a relationship between environmental pollutants and the development of cancer, even when pollutant levels are below toxicity reference values. The possibility of synergistic interactions between different pollutants could explain how even low concentrations can cause major health problems. These intricate that molecular interactions can occur through a wide variety of mechanisms, and our understanding of the physiological effects of mixtures is still limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent reports that address possible synergistic interactions between different types of environmental pollutants that could promote cancer development. Our literature studies suggest that key biological pathways are frequently implicated in such processes. These include increased production of reactive oxygen species, activation by cytochrome P450, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, among others. We discuss the need to understand individual pathological vulnerability not only in relation to basic genetics and gene expression, but also in terms of measurable exposure to contaminants. We also mention the need for significant improvements in future studies using a multitude of disciplines, such as the development of high-throughput study models, better tools for quantifying pollutants in cancer patients, innovative pharmacological and toxicological studies, and high-efficiency computer analysis, which allow us to analyze the molecular mechanisms of mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenni Viivi Linnea‐Niemi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Analytical ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Michael J. Williams
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jörgen Jönsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and BiotechnologyI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
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Feng M, Wang D, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang S. Bai-Hu-Tang regulates endothelin-1 and its signalling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114812. [PMID: 34752899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT) is traditionally used to treat human and animal fever syndrome with four symptoms: large and vigorous pulse, large thirst, high sweat, and high heat. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of vasodilation regulation of Bai-Hu-Tang in primary vascular endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydrophilic concentrate of BHT was prepared, and the main components of mangiferin and timosaponin BⅡ were determined by HLPC analysis. The rabbit fever model was constructed by intravenous injection of LPS (15 μg/kg body weight), and BHT was gavaged to treat febrile rabbits. After treatment for 6 h, animal peripheral blood was collected, and serum was isolated for endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Rabbit vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) were isolated and stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS, and then inflammatory cells were treated with 125 or 250 μg/mL BHT for 24 h. The supernatant cytokines TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, and ET-1 were detected by ELISA kits. Gene expression levels of endothelin receptor type B (ETB receptor) were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression levels of PI3K and Akt were detected by Western blot. A nitrite assay was used to measure intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was measured by the T-NOS colorimetric method. RESULTS Animal experiments demonstrated that BHT significantly restored ET-1 and NO in animal peripheral blood, which were disordered in LPS-induced fever rabbits. Moreover, a cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that BHT ≤700 μg/mL is innoxious to RVECs. BHT significantly repressed cellular TNF-α, IL-1β, and ET-1, which were originally elevated by LPS in RVECs. Meanwhile, BHT elevated the gene expression level of the ETB receptor and promoted NOS and NO production in RVECs induced by LPS. CONCLUSION BHT can inhibit excessive ET-1 secretion induced by LPS in vascular endothelial cells and activate the classic ET-1 signalling pathway to promote NO production, which may facilitate vasodilation of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xurong Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Lee GH, Kim CY, Zheng C, Jin SW, Kim JY, Lee SY, Kim MY, Han EH, Hwang YP, Jeong HG. Rutaecarpine Increases Nitric Oxide Synthesis via eNOS Phosphorylation by TRPV1-Dependent CaMKII and CaMKKβ/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179407. [PMID: 34502308 PMCID: PMC8431268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine (RUT) is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa that exerts a cellular protective effect. However, its protective effects on endothelial cells and its mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of RUT on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in endothelial cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RUT treatment promoted NO generation by increasing eNOS phosphorylation. Additionally, RUT induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) attenuated RUT-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation of CaMKII, CaMKKβ, AMPK, and eNOS. Treatment with KN-62 (a CaMKII inhibitor), Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), and STO-609 (a CaMKKβ inhibitor) suppressed RUT-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO generation. Interestingly, RUT attenuated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α and inhibited the inflammation-related NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that RUT promotes NO synthesis and eNOS phosphorylation via the Ca2+/CaMKII and CaM/CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathways through TRPV1. These findings provide evidence that RUT prevents endothelial dysfunction and benefit cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Chuanfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Mi Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | | | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (C.Y.K.); (C.Z.); (S.W.J.); (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (M.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5936
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