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Garbuio M, Lima AR, Silva KJS, De Souza M, Inada NM, Dias LD, Bagnato VS. Influence of temperature combined with photodynamic inactivation on the development of Aedes aegypti. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103977. [PMID: 38224724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the speed of selection of populations resistant to chemical insecticides, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against Aedes aegypti is a hot-topic and promising alternative technique to vector control. Temperature is an important factor in the survival of Ae. aegypti larvae and mosquitoes as it influences physiology, behavior, and ecology. This work aimed to evaluate parameters of the biological cycle of Ae. aegypti such as: hatching rate, larval development, adult mosquito longevity, sex ratio, weight, and lethal concentration of larval mortality (LC) through the combination of PDI with different temperatures. The number of larvae found after 48 h suggests that temperature affects hatching rate. Additionally, results showed a delay in development of surviving larvae after PDI when compared to control groups, and there was a reduction in the longevity of mosquitoes that undertook photodynamic action. PDI also led to a predominance of male insects, and observed weight indicates that the inactivation method may have also interfered in mosquito size. The results point to a satisfactory performance of PDI at all tested temperatures. Experimental conditions that were not lethal to all larvae implied that PDI impacts the mosquitoes' biological cycle. Though metabolism and development are improved at higher temperatures, so is PDI action, thus maintaining the net benefit. Therefore, it is assumed that the proposed photolarvicide can be useful in reducing arbovirus transmission, and results invite for future research in different abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Garbuio
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ramos Lima
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana De Souza
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Danilo Dias
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
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Meier CJ, Hillyer JF. Larvicidal activity of the photosensitive insecticides, methylene blue and rose bengal, in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:296-306. [PMID: 37682561 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticides are critical for controlling mosquito populations and mitigating the spread of vector-borne disease, but their overuse has selected for resistant populations. A promising alternative to classical chemical insecticides is photosensitive molecules - here called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs - that when ingested and activated by light, generate broadly toxic reactive oxygen species. This mechanism of indiscriminate oxidative damage decreases the likelihood that target site modification-based resistance evolves. Here, we tested whether the PSIs, methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB), are viable insecticides across the mosquito lineage. RESULTS MB and RB are phototoxic to both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae at micromolar concentrations, with greatest toxicity when larvae are incubated in the dark with the PSIs for 2 h prior to photoactivation. MB is ten times more toxic than RB, and microscopy-based imaging suggests that this is because ingested MB escapes the larval gut and disperses throughout the hemocoel whereas RB remains confined to the gut. Adding food to the PSI-containing water has a bidirectional, concentration-dependent effect on PSI toxicity; toxicity increases at high concentrations but decreases at low concentrations. Finally, adding sand to the water increases the phototoxicity of RB to Ae. aegypti. CONCLUSION MB and RB are larvicidal via a light activated mechanism, and therefore, should be further investigated as an option for mosquito control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Sammarro Silva KJ, Lima AR, Dias LD, de Souza M, Nunes Lima TH, Bagnato VS. Hydrogen peroxide preoxidation as a strategy for enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic action against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1922-1932. [PMID: 38153721 PMCID: wh_2023_245 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) is a photooxidative process based on the excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen, under specific wavelengths of light. It is a promising method for advanced treatment of water and wastewater, particularly targeting disinfection challenges, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Research in improved aPDT has been exploring new PS materials, and additives in general. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) a widely applied disinfectant, mostly in the food industry and clinical settings, present environmentally negligible residuals at the usually applied concentrations, making it friendly for the water and wastewater sectors. Here, we explored the effects of preoxidation with H2O2 followed by blue light-mediated (450 nm) aPDT using curcumin (a natural-based PS) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results of the sequential treatment pointed to a slight hampering in aPDT efficiency at very low H2O2 concentrations, followed by an increasing cooperative effect up to a deleterious point (≥7 log10 inactivation in CFU mL-1), suggesting a synergistic interaction of preoxidation and aPDT. The increased performance in H2O2-pretreated aPDT encourages studies of optimal operational conditions for the assisted technology and describes potentials for using the described strategy to tackle the issue of ARB spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13563-120 São Carlos/SP, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Alessandra Ramos Lima
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13563-120 São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Danilo Dias
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13563-120 São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Hellen Nunes Lima
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13563-120 São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Environmental Biophotonics Laboratory, São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13563-120 São Carlos/SP, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University College of Engineering, 3127 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3127, USA
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Meier CJ, Rouhier MF, Hillyer JF. Chemical Control of Mosquitoes and the Pesticide Treadmill: A Case for Photosensitive Insecticides as Larvicides. INSECTS 2022; 13:1093. [PMID: 36555003 PMCID: PMC9783766 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides reduce the spread of mosquito-borne disease. Over the past century, mosquito control has mostly relied on neurotoxic chemicals-such as pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbamates and organophosphates-that target adults. However, their persistent use has selected for insecticide resistance. This has led to the application of progressively higher amounts of insecticides-known as the pesticide treadmill-and negative consequences for ecosystems. Comparatively less attention has been paid to larvae, even though larval death eliminates a mosquito's potential to transmit disease and reproduce. Larvae have been targeted by source reduction, biological control, growth regulators and neurotoxins, but hurdles remain. Here, we review methods of mosquito control and argue that photoactive molecules that target larvae-called photosensitive insecticides or PSIs-are an environmentally friendly addition to our mosquitocidal arsenal. PSIs are ingested by larvae and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by light. ROS then damage macromolecules resulting in larval death. PSIs are degraded by light, eliminating environmental accumulation. Moreover, PSIs only harm small translucent organisms, and their broad mechanism of action that relies on oxidative damage means that resistance is less likely to evolve. Therefore, PSIs are a promising alternative for controlling mosquitoes in an environmentally sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J. Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Julián F. Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Environmentally Safe Photodynamic Control of Aedes aegypti Using Sunlight-Activated Synthetic Curcumin: Photodegradation, Aquatic Ecotoxicity, and Field Trial. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175699. [PMID: 36080466 PMCID: PMC9457702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports curcumin as an efficient photolarvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae under natural light illumination. Larval mortality and pupal formation were monitored daily for 21 days under simulated field conditions. In a sucrose-containing formulation, a lethal time 50 (LT50) of 3 days was found using curcumin at 4.6 mg L−1. This formulation promoted no larval toxicity in the absence of illumination, and sucrose alone did not induce larval phototoxicity. The photodegradation byproducts (intermediates) of curcumin were determined and the photodegradation mechanisms proposed. Intermediates with m/z 194, 278, and 370 were found and characterized using LC-MS. The ecotoxicity of the byproducts on non-target organisms (Daphnia, fish, and green algae) indicates that the intermediates do not exhibit any destructive potential for aquatic organisms. The results of photodegradation and ecotoxicity suggest that curcumin is environmentally safe for non-target organisms and, therefore, can be considered for population control of Ae. aegypti.
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Garbuio M, Dias LD, de Souza LM, Corrêa TQ, Mezzacappo NF, Blanco KC, de Oliveira KT, Inada NM, Bagnato VS. Formulations of curcumin and d-mannitol as a photolarvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae: sublethal photolarvicidal action, toxicity, residual evaluation, and small-scale field trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mezzacappo NF, de Souza LM, Inada NM, Dias LD, Garbuio M, Venturini FP, Corrêa TQ, Moura L, Blanco KC, de Oliveira KT, Bagnato VS. Curcumin/d-mannitol as photolarvicide: induced delay in larval development time, changes in sex ratio and reduced longevity of Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2530-2538. [PMID: 33470514 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant populations of Ae. aegypti have been a major problem in arboviruses epidemic areas, generating a strong demand for novel methods of vector control. In this regard, our group has demonstrated the use of curcumin as an efficient photoactive larvicide to eliminate Ae. aegypti larvae. This work was aimed to evaluate the Ae. aegypti (Rockefeller) development under sublethal conditions, using a curcumin/d-mannitol (DMC) formulation. The photolarvicidal efficacy under semi-field and field conditions (wild populations) was also analyzed, as well as the photobleaching and residual activity of DMC. RESULTS A delay in development time when larvae were exposed to sublethal concentrations of DMC was observed, followed by significant changes in sex ratio and reduction in longevity. DMC also presented a low residual activity when compared to usual larvicides, and had a substantial photolarvicidal activity against wild populations in field trials, achieving 71.3% mortality after 48 h. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings are of great biological importance for the process of enabling the implementation of DMC as a new product in the control of Ae. aegypti larvae, and contributes to the improvement of new plant-based larvicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Danilo Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Matheus Garbuio
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lidia Moura
- São Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Hagler Fellow, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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