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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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Xiang C, Du Y, Han W, Guan B, Liu H, An Y, Liu Y, Jiang H, Chang J, Ge Y. Proper C/N ratio enhances the effect of plant diversity on nitrogen removal and greenhouse effect mitigation in floating constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12036-12051. [PMID: 38225493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Treating wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios by constructed wetlands (CWs) is still problematic. Adding chemicals is costly and may cause secondary pollution. Configuring plant diversity in substrate-based CWs has been found to be a better way to treat low-C/N wastewater, but wastewater treatment in floating CWs needs to be studied. In this study, wastewater with C/N ratios of 5 and 10 were set in simulated floating CWs, and 9 combinations with plant species richness (SR) of 1, 3, and 4 were configured. The results showed that (1) increasing SR improved the total N mass removal (NMR) by 29% at a C/N ratio of 5 but not 10; (2) the presence of Oenanthe javanica in the microcosms increased the NMR by 13% and 20% with C/N ratios of 5 and 10, respectively; (3) increasing SR mitigated the net global warming potential (GWP) by 120% at a C/N ratio of 5 but not 10; and (4) a Hemerocallis fulva × O. javanica × Echinodorus parviflours × Iris hybrids mixture resulted in a high NMR and low net GWP. In summary, assembling plant diversity in floating CWs is an efficient and clean measure during the treatment of wastewater with a C/N ratio of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Huaxin Design Group Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu An
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Yang L, Shen K, Xu X, Xiao D, Cao H, Lin Y, Zheng X, Zhao M, Han W. Adding Corbicula fluminea altered the effect of plant species diversity on greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands in the low-temperature season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168092. [PMID: 37879465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant species diversity is crucial in greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands (CWs). However, previous studies have overlooked the impact of benthos on cumulative greenhouse gas emissions during the low-temperature season in CWs. In this study, we established 66 vertical flow CWs with three levels of species richness (1, 2, and 4 species) and eleven species compositions. The Corbicula fluminea was added or not added at each diversity level and monitored greenhouse gas emissions and effluent nitrogen concentration. Our findings indicated that (1) in microcosms without C. fluminea, high species richness significantly increased effluent nitrogen concentrations (NO3--N, NH4+-N, and TIN), but plant species richness did not affect cumulative CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions. The presence of Hemerocallis fulva significantly increased cumulative CO2 emissions, while the presence of Iris tectorum significantly increased effluent nitrogen (NO3--N and TIN) concentrations and cumulative N2O emissions; (2) in microcosms with C. fluminea, the lowest cumulative CH4 emissions occurred when there were two species, but plant species richness did not affect cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions. The presence of H. fulva significantly increased cumulative CH4 emissions, while the presence of Reineckea carnea significantly increased effluent nitrogen (NO3--N, NH4+- N, TIN) concentrations; (3) at the same diversity level, the addition of C. fluminea significantly increased cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as effluent nitrogen concentrations. These results demonstrate that C. fluminea alters the effect of plant species diversity on cumulative greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from CWs during the low-temperature season. We recommend using a two-species mixture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, we caution against using plant compositions with H. fulva or I. tectorum for effective wastewater treatment and greenhouse gas reduction in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xile Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Derong Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishi Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Kong L, Hu L, Wei J, Zhang X, Guo W, Shi W. Greenhouse gas emissions from constructed wetlands: A bibliometric analysis and mini-review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167582. [PMID: 37797756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely applied in wastewater treatment; however, the degradation of organic pollutants within CWs leads to substantial emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Under the low-carbon economy, GHG emissions have emerged as a major concern, and have been intensively studied in the CW field. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric review using CiteSpace and a global-scale analysis of GHG emission levels based on 286 records and proposed potential approaches for the future control of GHG emissions in CWs. We found that the research has generally evolved through three stages over the past 15 years: GHG emission level assessment (2007-2010), mechanisms (2011-2016), and control (2017-2022). The type of CWs is closely related to GHG emissions, with free water surface CWs emitting higher levels of methane and vertical subsurface flow CWs emitting higher levels of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. By optimizing CW operation, it is conceivable to synergistically reduce GHG emissions while enhancing pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Hu S, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wang X, Hou S, Yan B. Factors Influencing Gaseous Emissions in Constructed Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3876. [PMID: 36900888 PMCID: PMC10001287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH3), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH3, VOCs, and H2S were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH4 and N2O than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate N2O emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH4 emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH4 emission but pose no influence on N2O emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH3 volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH3 volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and H2S emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Jiang H, Du Y, Han W, Wang L, Xiang C, Ge Y, Chang J. Assembling plant diversity mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and achieves high nitrogen removal when treating the low-C/N wastewater by constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:228-241. [PMID: 35900626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in wastewater will inhibit pollutant removal, and more seriously, it will cause an increment of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of constructed wetlands (CWs). Raising the C/N ratio of wastewater is an effective way to solve this problem, while it may cause secondary pollution and is costly. Assembling plant diversity promotes N removal, while the effects of plant diversity and increasing C/N ratio on global warming potential (GWP) combined by N2O and methane (CH4) are lack of comparison. In this study, 108 CW microcosms were established to explore the effects of increasing the C/N ratio from 1 to 5 and assembling plant diversity on N removal and GHG emissions. Results showed that when the C/N ratio was 1, (1) increasing species richness reduced N2O and CH4 emissions then reduced the GWP by 70%; (2) the presence of Arundo donax in microcosms reduced GWP by 72%; (3) an A. donax × Tradescantia fluminensis × Reineckia carnea mixture resulted in a high N removal and decreased the GWP per g N removal by 92% with a cost increment of 0.05 USD per m3 wastewater treated; and (4) as the C/N ratio increasing to 5, the GWP per g N removal of monocultures was reduced by 96%, but the cost increased by at least 0.29 USD per m3 wastewater treated. In summary, configuring plant diversity in CWs is an efficient, clean, and cost-effective measure to treat wastewater with a low C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichunxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Bai L, Wang Z, Lu Y, Tian J, Peng Y. Monthly rather than annual climate variation determines plant diversity change in four temperate grassland nature reserves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10357-10365. [PMID: 34523091 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant diversity is changing in the world; climate variation at annual scale is believed to drive these changes; however, the effects of climate variation at month scale are still unknown. Anxi, West Ordos, Xilingol, and Tumuji grassland nature reserves, located in northern China, have been well protected from human disturbance, are ideal areas to identify the drive forces for plant diversity change. Using Landsat images from 1982 to 2017, we analyzed the evolution of month- and annual-climate variables and spectral plant diversity indices, and explored the effects of the variability of temperature and precipitation on plant diversity and their relationship. The results showed that the diversity of the four grasslands was decreasing. Climate variables, in particular temperature at month scale, significantly related to grassland plant diversity. These results enlarge our understanding in how climate change driving plant diversity during a long term. Measurements coping with plant diversity decreasing may be more effective and earlier based on monthly climate variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jialing Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Peng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Du Y, Niu S, Jiang H, Luo B, Wang Q, Han W, Liu Y, Chang J, Ge Y. Comparing the effects of plant diversity on the nitrogen removal and stability in floating and sand-based constructed wetlands under ammonium/nitrate ratio disturbance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:69354-69366. [PMID: 34302244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining efficient and stable nitrogen (N) removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) that experience disturbance from their influent pollutant variations is crucial. The ammonium/nitrate (NH4+/NO3-) ratio of influent in CWs often varies widely. The N removal and stability in floating CWs have been found to be enhanced by manipulating plant species diversity. However, whether the positive effects occur in sand-based CWs remains unknown. Here, we established sand-based and hydroponic microcosms to investigate the differences in the responses of N removal and stability to plant species diversity under the disturbance of increasing influent NH4+/NO3- ratio in late period of plant growth. Results indicated that, (1) increasing plant species richness enhanced N removal but did not affect N removal stability in sand-based CWs under disturbance; (2) sand-based CWs had 46% higher average N removal stability than floating CWs, but the stability in floating CWs reached that in sand-based CWs at higher species richness levels; (3) under disturbed conditions, floating CWs with Phragmites australis or Typha latifolia achieved N removal and stability equivalent to those in sand-based CWs. This study indicates that, when treating wastewater with a variable NH4+/NO3- ratio, floating CWs with high plant species richness and specific species can achieve a win-win situation for high and stable N removal and bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shaodan Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Cao Z, Li P, Li ZH. A latest review on the application of microcosm model in environmental research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60438-60447. [PMID: 34537949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcosms are used experimentally to simulate ecosystems. This technology has received increasing attention and is widely used for environmental research. This review briefly introduces the origin and development of microcosm theory, summarizes classification and applications of microcosms across decades, and describes the advantages and limitations of microcosm technology in comparison with other methods. Finally, trends in the development of microcosm models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
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