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Liu F, Fan M, Liu X, Chen J. One-Pot Synthesis of Cellulose-Based Carbon Aerogel Loaded with TiO 2 and g-C 3N 4 and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1141. [PMID: 38998746 PMCID: PMC11243333 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A cellulose-based carbon aerogel (CTN) loaded with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared using sol-gel, freeze-drying, and high-temperature carbonization methods. The formation of the sol-gel was carried out through a one-pot method using refining papermaking pulp, tetrabutyl titanate, and urea as raw materials and hectorite as a cross-linking and reinforcing agent. Due to the cross-linking ability of hectorite, the carbonized aerogel maintained a porous structure and had a large specific surface area with low density (0.0209 g/cm3). The analysis of XRD, XPS, and Raman spectra revealed that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were uniformly distributed in the CTN, while TEM and SEM observations demonstrated the uniformly distributed three-dimensional porous structure of CTN. The photocatalytic activity of the CTN was determined according to its ability to degrade rhodamine B. The removal rate reached 89% under visible light after 120 min. In addition, the CTN was still stable after five reuse cycles. The proposed catalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinyang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; (F.L.)
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2
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Zhao F, Li X, Xiong T, Zuo M, Luo L, Qin P, Lei M, Liang Y, Gong X, Zou D, Wu Z. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by N-CQDs modified S-g-C3N4 nanotubes and its product toxicity evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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Yadav VK, Yadav KK, Alam J, Cabral-Pinto MM, Gnanamoorthy G, Alhoshan M, Kamyab H, Hamid AA, Ali FAA, Shukla AK. Transformation of hazardous sacred incense sticks ash waste into less toxic product by sequential approach prior to their disposal into the water bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:71766-71778. [PMID: 34523099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incense sticks ash is one of the most unexplored by-products generated at religious places and houses obtained after the combustion of incense sticks. Every year, tonnes of incense sticks ash is produced at religious places in India which are disposed of into the rivers and water bodies. The presence of heavy metals and high content of alkali metals challenges a potential threat to the living organism after the disposal in the river. The leaching of heavy metals and alkali metals may lead to water pollution. Besides this, incense sticks also have a high amount of calcium, silica, alumina, and ferrous along with traces of rutile and other oxides either in crystalline or amorphous phases. The incense sticks ash, heavy metals, and alkali metals can be extracted by water, mineral acids, and alkali. Ferrous can be extracted by magnetic separation, while calcium by HCl, alumina by sulfuric acid treatment, and silica by strong hydroxides like NaOH. The recovery of such elements by using acids and bases will eliminate their toxic heavy metals at the same time recovering major value-added minerals from it. Here, in the present research work, the effect on the elemental composition, morphology, crystallinity, and size of incense sticks ash particles was observed by extracting ferrous, followed by extraction of calcium by HCl and alumina by H2SO4 at 90-95 °C for 90 min. The final residue was treated with 4 M NaOH, in order to extract leachable silica at 90 °C for 90 min along with continuous stirring. The transformation of various minerals phases and microstructures of incense sticks ash (ISA) and other residues during ferrous, extraction, calcium, and alumina and silica extraction was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). DLS was used for analyzing the size during the experiments while FTIR helped in the confirmation of the formation of new products during the treatments. From the various instrumental analyses, it was found that the toxic metals present in the initial incense sticks ash got eliminated. Besides this, the major alkali metals, i.e., Ca and Mg, got reduced during these successive treatments. Initially, there were mainly irregular shaped, micron-sized particles that were dominant in the incense sticks ash particles. Besides this, there were plenty of carbon particles left unburned during combustion. In the final residue, nanosized flowers shaped along with cuboidal micron-sized particles were dominant. present in If, such sequential techniques will be applied by the industries based on recycling of incense sticks ash, then not only the solid waste pollution will be reduced but also numerous value-added minerals like ferrous, silica, alumina calcium oxides and carbonates can be recovered from such waste. The value-added minerals could act as an economical and sustainable source of adsorbent for wastewater treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, P P Savani University, Kosamba, Surat, Gujarat, 394125, India
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India.
| | - Javed Alam
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Ms Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Govindhan Gnanamoorthy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Mansour Alhoshan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Awadh Hamid
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Shukla
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Matias ML, Reis-Machado AS, Rodrigues J, Calmeiro T, Deuermeier J, Pimentel A, Fortunato E, Martins R, Nunes D. Microwave Synthesis of Visible-Light-Activated g-C 3N 4/TiO 2 Photocatalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1090. [PMID: 36985984 PMCID: PMC10057508 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of visible-light-driven photocatalysts has become highly appealing for environmental remediation through simple, fast and green chemical methods. The current study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/TiO2) heterostructures through a fast (1 h) and simple microwave-assisted approach. Different g-C3N4 amounts mixed with TiO2 (15, 30 and 45 wt. %) were investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of a recalcitrant azo dye (methyl orange (MO)) under solar simulating light. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the anatase TiO2 phase for the pure material and all heterostructures produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that by increasing the amount of g-C3N4 in the synthesis, large TiO2 aggregates composed of irregularly shaped particles were disintegrated and resulted in smaller ones, composing a film that covered the g-C3N4 nanosheets. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses confirmed the existence of an effective interface between a g-C3N4 nanosheet and a TiO2 nanocrystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidenced no chemical alterations to both g-C3N4 and TiO2 at the heterostructure. The visible-light absorption shift was indicated by the red shift in the absorption onset through the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra. The 30 wt. % of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure showed the best photocatalytic performance, with a MO dye degradation of 85% in 4 h, corresponding to an enhanced efficiency of almost 2 and 10 times greater than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets, respectively. Superoxide radical species were found to be the most active radical species in the MO photodegradation process. The creation of a type-II heterostructure is highly suggested due to the negligible participation of hydroxyl radical species in the photodegradation process. The superior photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergy of g-C3N4 and TiO2 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leonor Matias
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Reis-Machado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Physics Department & I3N, Aveiro University, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Calmeiro
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jonas Deuermeier
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Pimentel
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Daniela Nunes
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Murugesan S, Sasibabu V, Jegadeesan GB, Venkatachalam P. Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black dye using ZnO-CeO 2 nanocomposites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42713-42727. [PMID: 35978239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO-CeO2 nanocomposites for the degradation of a model Reactive Black (RB) dye. Nano-CeO2 was synthesized using cerium nitrate precursor solution via chemical precipitation. Synthesized nano-CeO2 was mixed with ZnO nanoparticles in different mass ratios to obtain ZnO-CeO2 heterojunction photocatalyst. The morphology of the nanocomposites was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction patterns of the CeO2 corresponded well with (1 1 1) plane of cubic-phase CeO2. The band gap of the ZnO-CeO2 nanocatalyst synthesized was determined to be 3.08 eV, which was lower than that of the pristine CeO2 and ZnO powders, respectively. The results indicate that 1:1 wt. ratio ZnO-CeO2 nanocomposite provides about 85% RB degradation within 90 min under UV light under alkaline pH conditions. Degradation rate of RB dye achieved with ZnO-CeO2 nanocomposite was almost 1.5 times greater than that obtained with pristine ZnO. Increasing CeO2 ratio beyond 1:1 wt. ratio did not significantly increase RB degradation. The results demonstrate that addition of CeO2 to ZnO results in lowering its band gap energy and aids charge carrier separation resulting in enhanced oxidation of RB dye under UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Murugesan
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Vigneshwar Sasibabu
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Gautham B Jegadeesan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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Maluangnont T, Pulphol P, Pongampai S, Kobkeatthawin T, Smith SM, Vittayakorn N. TiO 2/graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet composite with enhanced sensitivity to atmospheric water. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6143-6152. [PMID: 36814882 PMCID: PMC9940629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamentals of transport properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials is essential for their applications in devices, sensors, and so on. Herein, we report the impedance spectroscopic study of carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) and the composite with anatase (TiO2/CNNS, 20 atom% Ti), including their interaction with atmospheric water. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, solid state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that CNNS is highly insulating (resistivity ρ ∼ 1010 Ω cm) and its impedance barely changes during a 20 min-measurement at room temperature and 70% relative humidity. Meanwhile, incorporating the semiconducting TiO2 nanoparticles (∼10 nm) reduces ρ by one order of magnitude, and the decreased ρ is proportional to the exposure time to atmospheric water. Sorbed water shows up at low frequency (<102 Hz) with relaxation time in milliseconds, but the response intrinsic to CNNS and TiO2/CNNS is evident at higher frequency (>104 Hz) with relaxation time in microseconds. These two signals apparently correlate to the endothermic peak at ≤110 °C and >250 °C, respectively, in differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Universal power law analysis suggests charge hopping across the 3D conduction pathways, consistent with the capacitance in picofarad typical of grain response. Our work demonstrates that the use of various formalisms (i.e., impedance, permittivity, conductivity, and modulus) combined with a simple universal power law analysis provides insights into water-induced transport of the TiO2/CNNS composite without complicated curve fitting procedure or dedicated humidity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapol Maluangnont
- Electroceramics Research Laboratory, College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Phieraya Pulphol
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot UniversityBangkok 10110Thailand
| | - Satana Pongampai
- Advanced Materials Research Unit and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand
| | - Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Meejoo Smith
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand
| | - Naratip Vittayakorn
- Advanced Materials Research Unit and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand
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Pattanayak DS, Pal D, Mishra J, Thakur C, Wasewar KL. Doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) catalysts for efficient photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics in aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24919-24926. [PMID: 35306654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics are very common and often used in both human and veterinary medicines. More than 75% of TCs are excreted in an active condition and released into the environment, posing a risk to the ecosystem and human health. Residual antibiotics are in global water bodies, causing antibiotic resistance and genotoxicity in humans and aquatic organisms. The ever-increasing number of multi-resistant bacteria caused by the widespread use of antibiotics in the environment has sparked a renewed interest in developing more sustainable antibiotic degradation processes. In this regard, photodegradation technique provides a promising solution to resolve this growing issue, paving the way for complete antibiotic degradation with the generation of non-toxic by-products. As a fascinating activity towards visible light range shown by semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a medium bandgap, non-toxicity, chemically stable complex, and thermally great strength. Recent studies have concentrated on the performance of g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst for treating wastewater. Pure g-C3N4 exhibits limited photocatalytic activity due to insufficient sunlight usage, small surface area, and a high rate of recombination of electron and hole ([Formula: see text] & [Formula: see text]) pairs created in photocatalytic activity. Doping of g-C3N4 is a very effective method for improving the activity as element doped g-C3N4 shows excellent bandgap and electronic structure. Doping significantly broadens the light-responsive range and reduces recombination of e- & h+ pairs. Under above context, this review provides a systematic and comprehensive outlook of designing doped g-C3N4 as well as efficiency for TCs degradation in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Sundar Pattanayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India.
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry (Environmental Science and Technology Program), ITER, Siksha'O'Anusandhan (Deemed To Be) University, Bhubaneswar, 751 030, Odisha, India
| | - Chandrakant Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
| | - Kailas L Wasewar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur, 440010, MH, India
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Glažar D, Jerman I, Tomšič B, Chouhan RS, Simončič B. Emerging and Promising Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Textile Application Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterostructure Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:408. [PMID: 36770371 PMCID: PMC9920882 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites constructed with heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various environmental, energy, and clinical applications. In the field of textiles, Ag and TiO2 are already recognized as essential nanomaterials for the chemical surface and bulk modification of various textile materials, but the application of composites with g-C3N4 as a green and visible-light-active photocatalyst has not yet been fully established. This review provides an overview of the construction of Ag/g-C3N4, TiO2/g-C3N4, and Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures; the mechanisms of their photocatalytic activity; and the application of photocatalytic textile platforms in the photochemical activation of organic synthesis, energy generation, and the removal of various organic pollutants from water. Future prospects for the functionalization of textiles using g-C3N4-containing heterostructures with Ag and TiO2 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Glažar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Priyadarshini M, Das I, Ghangrekar MM, Blaney L. Advanced oxidation processes: Performance, advantages, and scale-up of emerging technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115295. [PMID: 35597211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are promising technologies for partial or complete mineralization of contaminants of emerging concern by highly reactive hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, superoxide, and sulphate radicals. Detailed investigations and reviews have been reported for conventional AOP systems that have been installed in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. However, recent efforts have focused on the peroxymonosulphate, persulphate, catalytic ozonation, ultrasonication and hydrodynamic cavitation, gamma radiation, electrochemical oxidation, modified Fenton, and plasma-assisted AOPs. This critical review presents the detailed mechanisms of emerging AOP technologies, their performance for treatment of contaminants of emerging concern, the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and the remaining challenges to scale-up and implementation. Among the evaluated technologies, the modified electrochemical oxidation, gamma radiation, and plasma-assisted systems demonstrated the greatest potential for successful and sustainable implementation in wastewater treatment due to their environmental safety, compatibility, and efficient transformation of contaminants of emerging concern by a variety of reactive species. The other emerging AOP systems were also promising, but additional scale-up trials and a deeper understanding of their reaction kinetics in complex wastewater matrices are necessary to determine the technical and economic feasibility of full-scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Indrasis Das
- Environmental Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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Nisha V, Moolayadukkam S, Paravannoor A, Panoth D, Chang YH, Palantavida S, Hinder SJ, Pillai SC, Vijayan BK. Cu doped graphitic C3N4 for p-nitrophenol reduction and sensing applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Guo X, Rao L, Shi Z. Preparation of High-Porosity B-TiO 2/C 3N 4 Composite Materials: Adsorption-Degradation Capacity and Photo-Regeneration Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148683. [PMID: 35886535 PMCID: PMC9319032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption can quickly remove pollutants in water, while photocatalysis can effectively decompose organic matter. B-TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary composite photocatalytic materials were prepared by molten method, and their adsorption-degradation capability under visible light conditions was discussed. The morphology of the B-TiO2/g-C3N4 materials was inspected by SEM, TEM, BET, and EDS, and the results showed that close interfacial connections between TiO2 and g-C3N4, which are favorable for charge transfer between these two semiconductors, formed heterojunctions with suitable band structure which was contributed by the molten B2O3. Meanwhile, the molten B2O3 effectively increased the specific surface area of TiO2/C3N4 materials, thereby increasing the active sites and reducing the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improving the photocatalytic degradation abilities of TiO2 and g-C3N4. Elsewhere, the crystal structure analysis (XRD, XPS, FTIR) results indicated that the polar -B=O bond formed a new structure with TiO2 and g-C3N4, which is not only beneficial for inhibiting the recombination of electron holes but also improving the photocatalytic activity. By removal experiment, the adsorption and degradation performances of B-TiO2/g-C3N4 composite material were found to be 8.5 times and 3.4 times higher than that of g-C3N4. Above all, this study prepared a material for removing water pollutants with high efficiency and provides theoretical support and experimental basis for the research on the synergistic removal of pollutants by adsorption and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (X.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lei Rao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (X.G.); (Z.S.)
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12
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Hoang TVA, Nguyen TKA, Dao DQ, Nguyen PA, Jeong DH, Shin EW. Solvent Etching Process for Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts Containing Platinum Cocatalyst: Effects of Water Hydrolysis on Photocatalytic Properties and Hydrogen Evolution Behaviors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071188. [PMID: 35407305 PMCID: PMC9000727 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalysts modified by a solvent etching process where ethanol (Pt/CN0), water (Pt/CN100), and a 50:50 mixture (Pt/CN50) were used as a solvent, and investigated the optimal properties of g-C3N4 to prepare the best Pt/g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. From diverse characterizations, water was proven to be a stronger solvent agent, resulting in not only the introduction of more O-functional groups onto the g-C3N4 surface, but also the degradation of a regular array of tri-s-triazine units in the g-C3N4 structure. While the addition of O-functional groups positively influenced the oxidation state of the Pt cocatalyst and the hydrogen production rate, the changes to g-C3N4 structure retarded charge transfer on its surface, inducing negative effects such as fast recombination and less oxidized Pt species. Pt/CN50 that was synthesized with the 50:50 solvent mixture exhibited the highest hydrogen production rate of 590.9 µmol g−1h−1, while the hydrogen production rates of Pt/CN0 (with pure ethanol solvent) and Pt/CN100 (with pure water solvent) were 462.7, and 367.3 µmol g−1h−1, respectively.
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Photocatalytic water purification under visible light using carbon nitride materials and β-Bi2O3 immobilized on electrospun polyvinyl acetate fibers. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report on the immobilization of carbon nitride (CN) materials and β-Bi2O3 on electrospun polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) fiber substrates using a dispersion based dip coating process. The spinning process was optimized by variation of several parameters to finally obtain continuous droplet-free fibers at 15 kV and a flow rate of 50 µL min−1 using a needle with 1.2 mm diameter. The polymer substrates were coated with the β-Bi2O3 and CN materials, which were characterized using SEM and applied in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B (RhB), ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and triclosan using visible light irradiation. The pollutants were degraded with up to 50% of the initial concentration within 8 h. Different amounts of CN material were deposited to evaluate the photocatalytic activity per mass. Immobilized CN materials were shown to be of higher activity (2.0 × 10−10 mol mg−1 min−1) than β-Bi2O3 (1.3 × 10−10 mol mg−1 min−1) and the mixture CN/β-Bi2O3 (1.6 × 10−10 mol mg−1 min−1). Reference samples with CN particles partially embedded in the polymer fleece showed minor degradaton rates (18% RhB degradation within 8 h) as compared to coated fiber substrates (47% RhB degradation within 8 h). Minor leaching of the carbon nitride material and no leaching of β-Bi2O3 occurs as shown by NPOC (non purgeable organic carbon) and ICP-MS measurements.
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Vo TK, Kim J. Facile synthesis of magnetic framework composite MgFe 2O 4@UiO-66(Zr) and its applications in the adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68261-68275. [PMID: 34268686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based hybrid composites have attracted significant attention in photocatalytic applications. In this work, MgFe2O4@UiO-66(Zr) (MFeO@UiO) composites with varying compositions were successfully synthesized via facile in situ assemblies. Depositing the UiO-66(Zr) framework onto ferrite nanoparticles yielded a composite structure having a lower bandgap energy (2.28-2.60 eV) than that of the parent UiO-66(Zr) (~3.8 eV). Moreover, the MFeO@UiO composite exhibited magnetic separation property and improved porosity. The removal experiment for tetracycline (TC) in aqueous media revealed that the MFeO@UiO composite exhibited a high total TC removal efficiency of ca. ~94% within 45-min preadsorption and 120-min visible-light illumination, which is higher than that of pristine ferrite and UiO-66(Zr). The enhanced photodegradation efficiency of MFeO@UiO is attributed to efficient interfacial charge transfer at the heterojunction and the synergistic effect between the semiconductors. Radical scavenging experiments revealed that photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the major reactive species involved in TC photodegradation. Moreover, the prepared MFeO@UiO nanocomposite showed good recyclability and renewability, making it a potential material for wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Ky Vo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT. Single-layer carbon nitride: synthesis, structure, photophysical/photochemical properties, and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20745-20764. [PMID: 34542127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective provides a critical summary of the current state of the art in the synthesis and properties of polyheptazine single-layer carbon nitride (SLCN). The summary combines the authors' research and literature reports on SLCN concerning the synthesis of single-layer polyheptazine sheets, light absorption and emission by SLCN, photochemical and photocatalytic properties of SLCN as well as examples of applications of SLCN sheets as "building blocks" in heterostructures with nanocrystalline semiconductors and metals. The Perspective is concluded with an outlook discussing the most promising directions for further studies and applications of SLCN and related composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a New Sustainable Photocatalyst for Textile Functionalization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152568. [PMID: 34372171 PMCID: PMC8348461 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a promising organic semiconducting material, polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted much attention due to its excellent optical and photoelectrochemical properties, thermal stability, chemical inertness, nontoxicity, abundance, and low cost. Its advantageous visible light-induced photocatalytic activity has already been beneficially used in the fields of environmental remediation, biological applications, healthcare, energy conversion and storage, and fuel production. Despite the recognized potential of g-C3N4, there is still a knowledge gap in the application of g-C3N4 in the field of textiles, with no published reviews on the g-C3N4-functionalization of textile materials. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a critical overview of recent advances in the surface and bulk modification of textile fibres by g-C3N4 and its composites to tailor photocatalytic self-cleaning, antibacterial, and flame retardant properties as well as to create a textile catalytic platform for water disinfection, the removal of various organic pollutants from water, and selective organic transformations. This paper highlights the possibilities of producing g-C3N4-functionalized textile substrates and suggests some future prospects for this research area.
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