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Gagné V, Boucher N, Desgagné-Penix I. Cannabis Roots: Therapeutic, Biotechnological and Environmental Aspects. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:35-48. [PMID: 38252502 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada in 2018, the number of licenses for this crop has increased significantly, resulting in an increase in waste generated. Nevertheless, cannabis roots were once used for their therapeutic properties, indicating that they could be valued today rather than dismissed. This review will focus on both traditional therapeutic aspects and potential use of roots in modern medicine while detailing the main studies on active phytomolecules found in cannabis roots. The environmental impact of cannabis cultivation and current knowledge of the root-associated microbiome are also presented as well as their potential applications in biotechnology and phytoremediation. Thus, several high added-value applications of cannabis roots resulting from scientific advances in recent years can be considered to remove them from discarded residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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2
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Khan SR, Ahmad Z, Khan Z, Khan U, Asad M, Shah T. Synergistic effect of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces cadmium accumulation by regulating hormonal transduction and lignin accumulation in maize. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140507. [PMID: 38303379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious damage to plants, inducing various physiological and biochemical disruptions that lead to reduced plant biomass and compromised growth. The study investigated the combined effects of silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on mitigating Cd stress in plants, revealing promising results in enhancing plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. Under Cd stress, plant biomass was significantly reduced (-33% and -30% shoot and root dry weights) as compared to control. However, Si and AMF application ameliorated this effect, leading to increased shoot and root dry weights (+47% and +39%). Furthermore, Si and AMF demonstrated their potential in reducing the relative Cd content (-43% and -36% in shoot and root) in plants and positively influencing plant colonization (+648%), providing eco-friendly and sustainable strategies to combat Cd toxicity in contaminated soils. Additionally, the combined treatment in the Cd-stressed conditions resulted in notable increases in saccharide compounds and hormone levels in both leaf and root tissues, further enhancing the plant's resilience to Cd-induced stress. Si and AMF also played a vital role in positively regulating key lignin biosynthesis genes and altering lignin-related metabolites, shedding light on their potential to fortify plants against Cd stress. These findings underscore the significance of Si and AMF as promising tools in addressing Cd toxicity and enhancing plant performance in Cd-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Rukh Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Applied College, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Center of Bee Research and Its Products, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khan
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Science (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
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Jalil S, Nazir MM, Al-Huqail AA, Ali B, Al-Qthanin RN, Asad MAU, Eweda MA, Zulfiqar F, Onursal N, Masood HA, Yong JWH, Jin X. Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115699. [PMID: 37979353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of rice genotype '9311' to Cd stress and the mitigating effects of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs). Cd exposure severely hindered plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and Cd accumulation. However, SiO NPs supplementation, particularly the SiONP100 treatment, significantly alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, mitigating the adverse effects on plant growth while maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes. The SiONP100 treatment also reduced Cd accumulation, indicating a preference for Si uptake in genotype 9311. Complex interactions among Cd, Si, Mg, Ca, and K were uncovered, with fluctuations in MDA and H2O2 contents. Distinct morphological changes in stomatal aperture and mesophyll cell structures were observed, including changes in starch granules, grana thylakoids, and osmophilic plastoglobuli. Moreover, following SiONP100 supplementation, genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively, indicating a robust defense mechanism against Cd stress. Notably, OsNramp5, OsHMA3, OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1 showed significant expression after SiO NPs treatment, suggesting potential Cd translocation within rice tissues. Overall, SiO NPs supplementation holds promise for enhancing Cd tolerance in rice plants while maintaining essential physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Jalil
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rahmah N Al-Qthanin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sultan Bin Abdelaziz for Environmental Research and Natural Resources Sustainability Center, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A U Asad
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mohamed A Eweda
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nilgün Onursal
- Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Hafiza Ayesha Masood
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Daraz U, Ahmad I, Li QS, Zhu B, Saeed MF, Li Y, Ma J, Wang XB. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria induced metal and salt stress tolerance in Brassica juncea through ion homeostasis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115657. [PMID: 37924800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal contamination and salinity constitute a major environmental problem worldwide. The affected area and impact of these problems are increasing day by day; therefore, it is imperative to restore their potential using environmentally friendly technology. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provides a better option in this context. Thirty-seven bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of maize cultivated in metal- and salt-affected soils. Some selected bacterial strains grew well under a wide range of pH (4-10), salt (5-50 g/L), and Cd (50-1000 mg/L) stress. Three bacterial strains, Exiguobacterium aestuarii (UM1), Bacillus cereus (UM8), and Bacillus megaterium (UM35), were selected because of their robust growth and high tolerance to both stress conditions. The bacterial strains UM1, UM8, and UM35 showed P-solubilization, whereas UM8 and UM35 exhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and indole acetic acid (IAA) production, respectively. The bacterial strains were inoculated on Brassica juncea plants cultivated in Cd and salt-affected soils due to the above PGP activities and stress tolerance. Plants inoculated with the bacterial strains B. cereus and B. megaterium significantly (p < 0.05) increased shoot fresh weight (17 ± 1.17-29 ± 0.88 g/plant), shoot dry weight (2.50 ± 0.03-4.40 ± 0.32 g/plant), root fresh weight (7.30 ± 0.58-13.30 ± 0.58 g/plant), root dry weight (0.80 ± 0.04-2.00 ± 0.01 g/plant), and shoot K contents (62.76 ± 1.80-105.40 ± 1.15 mg/kg dwt) in normal and stressful conditions. The bacterial strain B. megaterium significantly (p < 0.05) decreased shoot Na+ and Cd++ uptake in single and dual stress conditions. Both bacterial strains, E. aestuarii and B. cereus, efficiently reduced Cd++ translocation and bioaccumulation in the shoot. Bacterial inoculation improved the uptake of K+ and Ca++, while restricted Na+ and Cd++ in B. juncea shoots indicated their potential to mitigate the dual stresses of salt and Cd in B. juncea through ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Daraz
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qu-Sheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Marabesi AO, Nambeesan SU, van Iersel MW, Lessl JT, Coolong TW. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased transcript abundance of multiple heavy metal associated transporter genes in roots of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183249. [PMID: 37324677 PMCID: PMC10265645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has demonstrated promise for phytoremediation due to an extensive root system, large biomass, and ability to survive under relatively high levels of heavy metals. However, little research has been conducted to determine the impact of heavy metal uptake in hemp grown for medicinal use. This study evaluated the potential for cadmium (Cd) uptake and its impact on growth, physiological responses, and transcript expression of metal transporter genes in a hemp variety grown for flower production. The cultivar 'Purple Tiger' was exposed to 0, 2.5, 10, and 25 mg·L-1 Cd in a greenhouse hydroponic study in two independent experiments. Plants exposed to 25 mg·L-1 Cd displayed stunted plant growth characteristics, reduced photochemical efficiency, and premature senescence suggesting Cd toxicity. At the two lower concentrations of Cd (2.5 and 10 mg·L-1 Cd), plant height, biomass, and photochemical efficiency were not affected, with chlorophyll content index (CCI) being slightly lower at 10 mg·L-1 Cd, compared to 2.5 mg·L-1 Cd. There were no consistent differences between the two experiments in total cannabidiol (CDB) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in flower tissues at 2.5 and 10 mg·L-1 Cd, compared to the control treatment. Root tissue accumulated the highest amount of Cd compared to other tissues for all the Cd treatments, suggesting preferential root sequestration of this heavy metal in hemp. Transcript abundance analysis of heavy metal-associated (HMA) transporter genes suggested that all seven members of this gene family are expressed in hemp, albeit with higher expression in the roots than in the leaves. In roots, CsHMA3 was up-regulated at 45 and 68 d after treatment (DAT), and CsHMA1, CsHMA4, and CsHMA5 were upregulated only under long term Cd stress at 68 DAT, at 10 mg·L-1 Cd. Results suggest that expression of multiple HMA transporter genes in the root tissue may be upregulated in hemp exposed to 10 mg·L-1 Cd in a nutrient solution. These transporters could be involved in Cd uptake in the roots via regulating its transport and sequestration, and xylem loading for long distance transport of Cd to shoot, leaf, and flower tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O. Marabesi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Marc W. van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jason T. Lessl
- Agricultural and Environmental Services Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Timothy W. Coolong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Sun S, Fan X, Feng Y, Wang X, Gao H, Song F. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the uptake of cadmium in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138728. [PMID: 37080470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is currently a more environmentally friendly and economical measure for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Heavy metal-resistant plant species, Cannabis sativa L. was inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis to investigate the mechanisms of mycorrhizal in improving the Cd remediation ability of C. sativa. The results showed that after inoculation with R. irregularis, C. sativa root Cd contents increased significantly, and leaf Cd enrichment decreased significantly. At the transcriptional level, R. irregularis down-regulated the expression of the ABC transporter family but up-regulated differentially expressed genes regulating low molecular weight organic acids. The levels of malic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil, and they were significantly and strongly related to oxidizable Cd concentrations. Then citric acid levels were considerably and positively connected to exchangeable Cd concentrations. Our findings revealed that through regulating the movement of root molecules, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhanced the heavy metal tolerance of C. sativa even more, meanwhile, they changed the Cd chemical forms by altering the composition of low molecular weight organic acids, which in turn affected soil Cd bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute, Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China; Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Technology Research Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuhan Feng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute, Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute, Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Hongsheng Gao
- Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Technology Research Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute, Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China.
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Hou L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu P. The mechanism of silicon on alleviating cadmium toxicity in plants: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141138. [PMID: 37035070 PMCID: PMC10076724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements that seriously threaten food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Because of its high solubility, cadmium can easily enter plants, inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. Therefore, finding a way to alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on plant growth is critical. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, has been widely reported to promote plant growth and alleviate cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes the recent progress made to elucidate how silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity in plants. We describe the role of silicon in reducing cadmium uptake and transport, improving plant mineral nutrient supply, regulating antioxidant systems and optimizing plant architecture. We also summarize in detail the regulation of plant water balance by silicon, and the role of this phenomenon in enhancing plant resistance to cadmium toxicity. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted to identify the current problems related to cadmium toxicity and to propose future research directions.
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Labancová E, Vivodová Z, Šípošová K, Kollárová K. Silicon Actuates Poplar Calli Tolerance after Longer Exposure to Antimony. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:689. [PMID: 36771773 PMCID: PMC9919072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimony (Sb) in high concentrations in the environment is recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. The toxicity of Sb in plant tissues is known; however, new methods of plant tolerance improvement must be addressed. Here, poplar callus (Populus alba L. var. pyramidallis) exposed to Sb(III) in 0.2 mM concentration and/or to silicon (Si) in 5 mM concentration was cultivated in vitro to determine the impact of Sb/Si interaction in the tissue. The Sb and Si uptake, growth, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol-peroxidase (G-POX), nutrient concentrations, and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments were investigated. To elucidate the action of Si during the Sb-induced stress, the impact of short and long cultivations was determined. Silicon decreased the accumulation of Sb in the calli, regardless of the length of the cultivation (by approx. 34%). Antimony lowered the callus biomass (by approx. 37%) and decreased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (up to 78.5%) and nutrients in the tissue (up to 21.7%). Silicon supported the plant tolerance to Sb via the modification of antioxidant enzyme activity, which resulted in higher biomass production (increased by approx. 35%) and a higher uptake of nutrients from the media (increased by approx. 10%). Silicon aided the development of Sb-tolerance over the longer cultivation period. These results are key in understanding the action of Si-developed tolerance against metalloids.
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Luyckx M, Hausman JF, Guerriero G, Lutts S. Silicon reduces zinc absorption and triggers oxidative tolerance processes without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:943-955. [PMID: 35907072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a promising crop for non-food agricultural production on soils contaminated by moderate doses of heavy metals, while silicon, as a beneficial element, is frequently reported to improve stressed plant behavior. Using a hydroponic system, plants of Cannabis sativa (cv. Santhica 27) were exposed for 1 week to 100 µM Zn in the presence or absence of 2 mM Si. Zinc accumulated in all plant organs but was mainly sequestered in the roots. Additional Si reduced Zn absorption but had no impact on Zn translocation. Zn accumulation had a slight negative impact on leaf number, stem length, and chlorophyll content, and additional Si did not mitigate these symptoms. Exogenous Si reduced the Zn-induced membrane lipid peroxidation (assessed by malondialdehyde quantification) and increased the total antioxidant activities estimated by the FRAP index. In the absence of Si, leaf phytochelatin and total glutathione were the highest in Zn-treated plants and Si significantly decreased their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luyckx
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELIA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELIA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Usman M, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Rizwan M, Abbas T, Ayub MA, Naeem A, Alharby HF, Alabdallah NM, Alharbi BM, Qamar MJ, Ali S. Effect of soil texture and zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and accumulation of cadmium by wheat: a life cycle study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114397. [PMID: 36167110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is getting worldwide attention due to its continuous accumulation in agricultural soils which is due to anthropogenic activities and finally Cd enters in food chain mainly through edible plants. Cadmium free food production on contaminated soils is great challenge which requires some innovative measures for crop production on such soils. The current study evaluated the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) on the growth of wheat in texturally different soils including clay loam (CL), sandy clay loam (SCL), and sandy loam (SL) which were contaminated with were contaminated with 25 mg/kg of Cd before crop growth. Results depicted that doses of ZnONPs and soil textures significantly affected the biological yields, Zn and Cd uptake in wheat plants. The application of 300 mg/kg ZnONPs caused maximum increase in dry weights of shoot (66.6%), roots (58.5%), husk (137.8%) and grains (137.8%) in CL soil. The AB-DTPA extractable Zn was increased while Cd was decreased with doses of NPs depending upon soil textures. The maximum decrease in AB-DTPA extractable Cd was recorded in 300 mg/kg of ZnONPs treatment which was 58.7% in CL, 33.2% in SCL and 12.1% in SL soil as compared to respective controls. Minimum Cd concentrations in roots, shoots, husk and grain were found in 300 mg/kg ZnONPs amended CL soil which was 58%, 76.7%, 58%, and 82.6%, respectively. The minimum bioaccumulation factor (0.14), translocation index (2.46) and health risk index (0.05) was found in CL soil with the highest dose of NPs. The results concluded that use of ZnONPs significantly decreased Cd concentration while increased Zn concentrations in plants depending upon doses of NPs and soil textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Naeem
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Liu K, Dai C, Li C, Hu J, Wang Z, Li Y, Yu F, Li G. Plant growth and heavy meal accumulation characteristics of Spathiphyllum kochii cultured in three soil extractions with and without silicate supplementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:524-537. [PMID: 35790485 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic method was conducted to test whether Spathiphyllum kochii is tolerant to multiple HMs as well as to evaluate whether sodium silicate promotes plant growth and alleviates HM stress mainly by assessing biomass, HM accumulation characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities (AEAs). Three soil extractions from an uncontaminated soil, a comparable lightly HM-contaminated soil (EnSE), and a comparable heavily HM-contaminated soil (ExSE) with or without 1 mM sodium silicate supplementation were used. S. kochii showed no obvious symptoms when cultured in EnSE and ExSE, indicating that it was a multi-HM-tolerant species. The biomass and photosynthesis followed the order: UnSE > EnSE > ExSE, but the opposite order was found for HM concentration, AEAs, and malondialdehyde content. Silicate had no effects on the growth and HM bioaccumulation characteristics of S. kochii cultured in UnSE but exhibited a novel role in decreasing HM uptake by 13.61-41.51% in EnSE and ExSE, respectively, corresponding upregulated AEAs, and reduced malondialdehyde contents, resulting in increased biomass and alleviating HM stress. The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were upregulated by an increase in soil extraction HM concentration and further upregulated by silicate supplementation, indicating that they were important mechanisms alleviating HM stress in S. kochii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Chenglong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Guangluan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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Dixit N. Salinity Induced Antioxidant Defense in Roots of Industrial Hemp (IH: Cannabis sativa L.) for Fiber during Seed Germination. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020244. [PMID: 35204127 PMCID: PMC8868197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change induced sea level rise, rainfed agriculture, poor quality irrigation water, and seawater intrusion through interconnected ditches and inland waterways cause soil salinity in inland and coastal areas. To reclaim and prevent further soil erosion, salt tolerant crops are required. Industrial Hemp (IH: Cannabis sativa L.) is used for food, fiber, and medicinal purposes throughout the world. In spite of that, little is known about the salt tolerance mechanisms in IH. Seed germination and development of the roots are the primary events in the life cycle of a plant, which directly interact with soil salinity. Therefore, in vitro germination experiments were conducted on the roots of 5-day-old seedlings using four varieties (V1: CFX-2, V2: Joey, V3: Bialobrzeskie, and V4: Henola) of IH for fiber. Five salinity treatments (0, 50, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) were used to screen the IH varieties on the basis of I: seed germination percent (SGP), II: quantitative morphological observations (root length (RL) and root fresh weight (RFW)), III: oxidative stress indices (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation), and IV: antioxidant defense system comprises of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), glutathione reductase (GR). The varieties V1 and V3 showed salt tolerance up to 100 mM by maintaining higher SGP, less reduction in RL and RFW. These roots in V1 and V3 showed lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation by displaying higher activities of SOD, CAT, GPOD, APOD, and GR while a reciprocal trend was observed in V4. However, roots in V2 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes with lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, but showed declines in RL and RFW at 80 mM NaCl onward. Roots in V4 were the most susceptible to NaCl stress at 50 mM and onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Dixit
- Department of Agriculture Food and Resources Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
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Luyckx M, Hausman JF, Sergeant K, Guerriero G, Lutts S. Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711853. [PMID: 34539703 PMCID: PMC8446647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop Cannabis sativa L. is a suitable alternative to food crops for crop cultivation on these soils. In this study, Cd (20 μM) and Zn (100 μM) were shown to induce comparable growth inhibition in C. sativa. To devise agricultural strategies aimed at improving crop yield, the effect of silicon (Si; 2 mM) on the stress tolerance of plants was considered. Targeted gene expression and proteomic analysis were performed on leaves and roots after 1 week of treatment. Both Cd- and Zn-stimulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis [pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and phenylpropanoid pathway [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)] but Cd also specifically increased the expression of PCS1-1 involved in phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. Si exposure influences the expression of numerous genes in a contrasting way in Cd- and Zn-exposed plants. At the leaf level, the accumulation of 122 proteins was affected by Cd, whereas 47 proteins were affected by Zn: only 16 proteins were affected by both Cd and Zn. The number of proteins affected due to Si exposure (27) alone was by far lower, and 12 were not modified by heavy metal treatment while no common protein seemed to be modified by both CdSi and ZnSi treatment. It is concluded that Cd and Zn had a clear different impact on plant metabolism and that Si confers a specific physiological status to stressed plants, with quite distinct impacts on hemp proteome depending on the considered heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luyckx
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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