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Reichert B, Pizzutti IR, Jänisch BD, Zorzella Fontana ME. Improving analytical performance for pesticides and mycotoxins determination in Brazilian table olives: one extraction and one analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38860427 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes an extensive study in which a multiclass QuEChERS based approach was optimized for determination of 150 pesticides and 7 mycotoxins in table olives. Three versions of QuEChERS were evaluated and compared (unbuffered, citrate and acetate buffering). A combination of EMR-Lipid cartridges and liquid nitrogen or freezer freezing out were tested for clean-up of the oily olive extracts. Analysis of the extracts were performed by LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole. The best results were achieved using acetate QuEChERS with liquid nitrogen for clean-up. For validation, organic olives were ground and spiked at 4 concentrations with pesticides and mycotoxins (n = 5). The linearity of the calibration curves was assessed by analyzing calibration standards of 7 concentrations which were prepared separately in acetonitrile and in blank olive extract (n = 5). The validation study demonstrated that the calculated r2 was ≥0.99 for 144 pesticides and 6 mycotoxins, when the calibration curves were prepared in matrix extract, showing satisfactory linearity. Matrix effects were within the range of ±20% for only 46 pesticides and one mycotoxin. Then, to ensure reliable quantification, calibration standards had to be matrix-matched. In accuracy experiments 138 pesticides and 6 mycotoxins presented recoveries from 70 to 120% and RSD ≤ 20% for at least 2 of the 4 spike concentrations evaluated, being successfully validated. The integrated QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS method meet MRL for 11 of the 21 pesticides regulated for olives in Brazil and for 132 pesticides which are regulated in the EU law. Eleven commercial table olive samples were analyzed and 4 of them tested positive for pesticides. All the positive samples violate the Brazilian law and one sample violates also the European law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Reichert
- HUSM - University Hospital of Santa Maria, Pharmacy Sector (SFH), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Daiana Jänisch
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Marlos Eduardo Zorzella Fontana
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Hesami Arani M, Kermani M, Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaafarzadeh N, Bagheri Arani S. Pesticides residues determination and probabilistic health risk assessment in the soil and cantaloupe by Monte Carlo simulation: A case study in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115229. [PMID: 37441953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cantaloupe is a popular agricultural product in the hot season of Iran. On the other hand, the frequent use of pesticides in cantaloupe fields is the most important threat to the health of farmers and consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the concentration of diazinon (DZN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and malathion (MLT) in cantaloupe cultivated in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol (Iran) and to estimate the possible oral and dermal risk of these pesticides by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). 36 cantaloupe samples, 18 samples before, and 18 samples after the latent period were collected from different places of cantaloupe cultivation from April to May 2021. After measuring the pesticides using the QuEChERS approach, oral and dermal risk assessments were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of the concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in 18 cantaloupe samples, after the latent period, were (30.39 ± 13.85), (18.361 ± 1.8), and (21.97 ± 0.86) μg kg-1, respectively. Concentration of Malathion, diazinon, and Chlorpyrifos in the soil were 0.22, 0.25, and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively, and pesticide cumulative risk assessment in soil was obtained 0.011 for Malathion, 0.05 for diazinon and 0.03 for Chlorpyrifos. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) according to the cantaloupe consumption and dermal exposure in children and adults, was safe range. Although non-cancerous dermal and oral risk of cantaloupe is low, constant exposure can be harmful. Therefore, the findings of this study play an important role in increasing the understanding of the negative health consequences of pesticide contamination in cantaloupe for consumers, especially local residents, and can help by adopting remedial strategies to reduce environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health System Research, Deputy of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Bagheri Arani
- Advanced studies of Art, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Sadighara P, Mahmudiono T, Marufi N, Yazdanfar N, Fakhri Y, Rikabadi AK, Khaneghah AM. Residues of carcinogenic pesticides in food: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023:reveh-2022-0253. [PMID: 37272608 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most agricultural products are exposed to pesticides. Organochlorine (OCPs) insecticides have been banned for years due to their persistence in the environment and lipophilic properties. On the other hand, some carcinogenic organophosphates are used in high amounts. Therefore, this systematic review was performed with the keywords; pesticide, carcinogenic, carcinogen, residue, contamination, pollution, and food to determine the type of food and pesticide. 663 manuscripts were found by searching in databases. After initial screening and quality assessment of full text, 26 manuscripts were selected. In this study, by reviewing selected manuscripts, about 13 pesticides were associated with carcinogenic effects. These pesticides were Chlorothalonil, Glyphosate, Tetrachlorvinphos, Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon, heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, chlordane, Lindane. Most of these pesticides were organochlorine. The organochlorine pesticides are primarily detected in foods of animal origin. In some studies, the amount of carcinogenic organochlorine was higher than the permissible levels. From the carcinogenic herbicide, Glyphosate. An important finding of this systematic review is that carcinogenic organochlorines are still a threat to cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nilufar Marufi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Yazdanfar
- Iranian Institute of R&D in Chemical Industries (IRDCI) (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Khalili Rikabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
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Ololade IA, Alabi BA, Oladoja NA, Ololade OO, Apata AO. Occurrence and probabilistic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of auto-mechanics in Akure Metro, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:727. [PMID: 37227527 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study provides baseline data on the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blood and urine samples of auto-mechanics, using Nigeria as a case study. Eighteen auto-mechanics participated in the study excluding two controls. The concentrations for the ΣPAHs across all participants (excluding control) ranged from 1.67 to 3.30 (2.17 ± 0.58) in blood with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) range of 7.61 to 10.76 (8.69 ± 1.00) in urine. The high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings) dominated the PAH profile in both blood (≥ 92%) and urine (≥ 87%) across all locations. Dibenz(a)anthracene was the most distributed PAH, while acenaphthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene were the least distributed. The dermal route constituted approximately 99% of the total chronic exposure, followed by ingestion, and the least via inhalation. The hazard index (HI) was below the safe thresholds (HI = 1), suggesting non-carcinogenic PAH effects. However, all the participants including control samples had carcinogenic risk (CR) values above the acceptable level of 10-6 in both blood and urine samples. The carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies were higher in urine than in blood. The results suggest less acute toxicity and more potential chronic effects. The computed elimination ratio (> 1) suggests low excretion in urine and a potentially harmful trend. Molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest mixed PAH sources. The study revealed biomonitoring solely dependent on blood analysis may greatly underestimate health risks due to PAH exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide levels of PAHs in the blood and urine of Nigerian mechanics. Findings herein will support policymakers at all levels in re-focusing attention to the less prioritized professions that pre-disposes people to PAHs and other emerging pollutants in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ayodele Ololade
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Bosede Adenike Alabi
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Nurudeen Abiola Oladoja
- Hydrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, AkungbaAkoko, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaranti Olubunmi Ololade
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Oyewumi Apata
- Environmental Monitoring Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, AkungbaAkoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 1400 Farragut Street, Bremerton, WA, 98314, USA
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Xu M, Chen Q, Kong X, Han L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Hao B, Zhao X, Liu L, Wan H, Nie J. Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113645. [PMID: 36736610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) is a major fresh-eating jujube fruit with various important nutrients for humans. It can absorb heavy metals from polluted air, water and soils and applied pesticides, which may pose potential threats to consumers. Here, to evaluate the content of heavy metals in winter jujube and systematically evaluate the potential risks, we collected 212 winter jujube samples from four main producing areas in China and determined the contents of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Mn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Based on the integrated pollution index (IPI) evaluation standard, more than 99.06% of samples were at safe levels. Moreover, clustering analysis divided the eight heavy metals into four groups, namely Cr/Ni, Cd/Pb, Cu/Mn/Zn, and As. Importantly, none of the analyzed heavy metals posed risks to adults as indicted by the average carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Notably, Cr and Cd could pose low carcinogenic risks to children (≤12 age group) when their concentration reached the 90th percentile. This study systematically assessed the health risks associated with heavy metal intake through winter jujube consumption and highlighted the necessity of constant heavy metal monitoring in winter jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Xiabing Kong
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Lingxi Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Qingjun Li
- Management Service Center of Shandong Binzhou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Bianqing Hao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Xubo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Haoliang Wan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Hassanpourfard G, Rezaee R, Karimi G. Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Risk of Exposure to Metals via Consumption of Coffee, Tea, and Herbal Tea in Iranians. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1520-1537. [PMID: 35462590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we assessed health risk posed to Iranian consumers through exposure to metals via oral consumption of coffee, tea, and herbal tea of various trademarks collected from Iran market. Level of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, and Pb in 243 samples was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The metal levels in coffee samples from different trademarks of a specific country had statistically similar levels of metals; however, metal levels differed significantly among brand names form different countries. Metal levels in tea samples differed significantly between domestic and imported products, while different trademarks of similar countries did not show significant variations in this respect. Metal level in herbal tea samples did not show significant variations among different trademarks. Nevertheless, it should be highlighted that mean concentrations of metals statistically differed among different herbal tea samples. Deterministic hazard quotients (HQs) were <1.0 for all non-carcinogenic metals and total hazard index (HI) values indicated no risk; however, probabilistic assessment calculated HI values >1. In both deterministic and probabilistic scenarios, carcinogenic metals As and Ni had an estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of medium level while that of Pb indicated no cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that the concentration of metals had the most significant effect on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Giti Hassanpourfard
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, Mashhad, 1365-91775, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sawicki T, Surma M, Sadowska-Rociek A. Characteristics of contaminants in the polish-origin bee products and cancer risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113693. [PMID: 36849088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticide residues, as well as assessment of cancer risk of the Polish-origin bee products. The bee product samples were prepared using a modified QuEChERS method, then PAHs and pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), neonicotinoids by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), and HMF and furfural by spectrophotometry (HPLC-UV/Vis). The results showed that the highest furfural content was found in bee bread from the northeast part of Poland; moreover, samples obtained from the same region were also characterized with a higher level of HMF. The total sum of PAHs ranged from 324.0 to 866.4 μg/kg; the highest content of PAH4 (the sum of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene) was 21.0 μg/kg, but only benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene were detected in the samples. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were found only in bee bread from the northeast part of Poland, while clothianidin was detected in honey samples. The acceptable cancer risk has been calculated for PAHs due to ingestion of honey, while increasing the risk of cancer was calculated for bee bread and bee pollen. Due to the high concentration of PAHs and excessively high recommended consumption dose, regular consumption of bee bread and pollen may pose a severe threat to human health and should be strictly limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sawicki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Ul. Słoneczna 45F, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Surma
- Department of Plant Products Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Ul. Balicka 122, 30-149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska-Rociek
- Department of Plant Products Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Ul. Balicka 122, 30-149, Krakow, Poland
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Xu X, Li L, Zhou H, Fan M, Wang H, Wang L, Hu Q, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Ji S. MRTCM: A comprehensive dataset for probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in traditional Chinese medicine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114395. [PMID: 36508783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still considered a global complementary or alternative medical system, but exogenous hazardous contaminants remain in TCM even after decocting. Besides, it is time-consuming to conduct a risk assessment of trace elements in TCMs with a non-automatic approach due to the wide variety of TCMs. Here, we present MRTCM, a cloud-computing infrastructure for automating the probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in TCM. MRTCM includes a consumption database and a pollutant database involving forty million rows of consumption data and fourteen types of TCM potentially toxic elements concentrations. The algorithm of probabilistic risk assessment was also packaged in MRTCM to assess the risks of eight elements with Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrated that 96.64% and 99.46% had no non-carcinogenic risk (hazard indices (HI) were < 1.0) for animal and herbal medicines consumers, respectively. After twenty years of exposure, less than 1% of the total carcinogenic risk (CRt) was > 10-4 for TCM consumers, indicating that they are at potential risk for carcinogenicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that annual consumption and concentration were the main variables affecting the assessment results. Ultimately, a priority management list of TCMs was also generated, indicating that more attention should be paid to the non-carcinogenic risks of As, Mn, and Hg and the carcinogenic risks of As and Cr in Pheretima and Cr in Arcae Conch. In general, MRTCM could significantly enhance the efficiency of risk assessment in TCM and provide reasonable guidance for policymakers to optimize risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Limin Li
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China.
| | - Shen Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Taghizadeh SF, Rezaee R, Azizi M, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-Diol (3-MCPD) in canned vegetables: A probabilistic assessment of health risk for Iranian consumers. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Health risk assessment of process-related contaminants in bread. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to multiple metals and pesticides through consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iranian market. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Yang S, Xing Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Gu A, Wang J, Xue X, Chen R. Residual levels and dietary intake risk assessment of 11 pesticides in apricots from different ecological planting regions in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18818. [PMID: 36335168 PMCID: PMC9637227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent and massive use of pesticides has led to pesticide residues in apricot, threatening food safety and human health. A reliable and simple modified QuEChERS method with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 pesticides in apricot. Method validation indicated that satisfied linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9959), accuracy (recoveries of 72-119%), sensitivity (limits of detection, 0.03-0.30 μg/kg; limits of quantification, 0.13-1.00 μg/kg), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 11.9%), and matrix effects were 0.89-1.13. Apricot samples from different ecological regions in China were collected and tested using the proposed methods. Monitoring results were used to assess the dietary intake risk of Chinese populations of different ages and genders. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients were 0.003-1.184% for different gender and age groups in China, indicating none unacceptable public health risk for general population. This work was thus significant in developing a simpler, more efficient and economical analysis method and food safety risks of the 11 pesticides on apricot and facilitated the establishment of maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, 5 Guanghua Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210007 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujun Xing
- grid.454840.90000 0001 0017 5204Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Liu
- Dongying Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, 95 Fuqian Street, Dongying, Shandong 257000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hairong Wang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Street, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Gu
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, 5 Guanghua Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210007 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Street, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Street, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Chen
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Street, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Goveas LC, Selvaraj R, Kumar PS, Vinayagam R, Sajankila SP. Biodegradation kinetics and metabolism of Benzo(a)fluorene by Pseudomonas strains isolated from refinery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136041. [PMID: 35981623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The final sinkers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons are water sources, where they undergo bioaccumulation and biomagnification, leading to adverse mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects on exposure in flora, fauna, and humans. Two indigenous strains, Pseudomonas sp. WDE11 and Pseudomonas sp. WD23, isolated from refinery effluent, degraded over 97.5% of benzo(a)fluorene (10 mg/L) in 7 days. On growth at concentration dependent amounts (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L), the degradation reduced to approximately 90% and 80% respectively in 56 days. Degradation kinetics was concentration dependent, as degradation followed first-order and second-order kinetics for 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L respectively. The half-life for degradation of benzo(a)fluorene ranged between 11.64 - 12.26 days and 13.11-14.5 days for strains WDE11 and WD23 respectively. The values of Andrew-Haldane kinetic parameters i.e. μmax, Ks, and Ki were 0.306 day-1, 11.11 mg/L, and 120.41 mg/L for strain WDE11 respectively, while for strain WD23, the respective values were 0.312 day-1, 9.97 mg/L, and 152 mg/L. Degradation metabolites were identified by their MS patterns as 3,4-dihydroxy fluorene, 2-(1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl) acetic acid, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, salicylic acid, catechol, and oxalic acid. Metabolic pathway of degradation constructed, revealed that benzo(a)fluorene was metabolized via the formation of fluorene, further metabolized by salicylate pathway forming catechol. The catechol formed was degraded into simpler metabolites by meta-cleavage pathway, which was validated by catechol 2,3 dioxygenase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India.
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shyama Prasad Sajankila
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
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Pucci E, Palumbo D, Puiu A, Lai A, Fiorani L, Zoani C. Characterization and Discrimination of Italian Olive (Olea europaea sativa) Cultivars by Production Area Using Different Analytical Methods Combined with Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081085. [PMID: 35454672 PMCID: PMC9025631 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olives and olive products are particularly important for the national agroindustrial sector, for the aspects related to the production territory (authenticity), and for the link with the Mediterranean Diet. Several studies indicate that the elemental profile of olive and olive products depends on the production area in which the olive trees were grown, and the elemental content of the olives can be used as a marker of the production area. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the multi-elemental profile of olive drupes and olive leaves of eleven cultivars arising from two different production areas was evaluated through ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. In addition, some leaf samples were analysed by LPAS in order to evaluate the applicability of this new analytical technique for determining the geographic origin. The obtained results, combined with chemometric tools, showed the possibility of discriminating samples according to the production area on the basis of the elemental content, as well as by LPAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pucci
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (SSPT-BIOAG), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Resource Efficiency Division (SSPT-USER), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
| | - Adriana Puiu
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Antonia Lai
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Fiorani
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Claudia Zoani
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (SSPT-BIOAG), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
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15
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Okoye EA, Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Ezejiofor AN, Nwaogazie IL, Domingo JL, Rovira J, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soil, feed and food collected in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria: A probabilistic human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111619. [PMID: 34265352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed compounds with two or more fused aromatic ring, being some of them classified as carcinogenic. In the present study, the concentrations of 16 PAHs and the sum of them (∑PAHs) were determined in samples of food, feed, plant and soil collected in six different heavily polluted areas (Choba, Khana, Trans Amadi, Eleme, Uyo and Yenagoa) of the Niger Delta Region (Nigeria). Principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to identify groups of variables (PAHs) and groups of samples that were the best in rendering the environmental pollution in that Region of Nigeria. In addition, PAHs food consumption and the derived carcinogenic risks were assessed in a probabilistic way. The highest ∑PAHs (mg/kg) were: 16.7 in cow meat, 8.06 in goat meat, 25.4 in chicken meat, 7.72 in fish, 28.70 in fish feed, 15.3 in chicken feed, 8.42 in plant, and 8.80 in soil. In most of the Nigerian areas, cooked cow meat, chicken and chicken feed presented the highest impact regarding PAHs contamination. The highest intake of PAHs was through meat consumption, with a very high and unassumable carcinogenic risk, which is quite above 10-5 for some PAHs, including benzo [a]pyrene. The results of the present survey highlight the importance of reducing PAHs content in food, specially in meat, in the Niger Delta region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Amaka Okoye
- African Centre of Excellence for Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anthonett N Ezejiofor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), Nigeria; Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ify L Nwaogazie
- African Centre of Excellence for Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), Nigeria; Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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