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Aminzai MT, Yabalak E, Kalderis D, Gizir AM. Environmental remediation of emerging contaminants using subcritical water: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121800. [PMID: 38996600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The continuous rise of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment has been a growing concern due to their potentially harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, and aquatic life, even at low concentrations. ECs include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organic dyes, heavy metals (HMs), and others. The world's growing population contributes to the release of many kinds of chemicals into the environment, which is estimated to be more than 200 billion metric tons annually and results in over 9 million deaths. The removal of these contaminants using conventional physical, chemical, and biological treatments has proven to be ineffective, highlighting the need for simple, effective, inexpesive, practical, and eco-friendly alternatives. Thus, this article discusses the utilization of subcritical water oxidation (SBWO) and subcritical water extraction (SBWE) techniques to remove ECS from the environment. Subcritical water (water below the critical temperature of 374.15 °C and critical pressure of 22.1 Mpa) has emerged as one of the most promising methods for remediation of ECs from the environment due to its non-toxic properties, simplicity and efficiency of application. Furthermore, the impact of temperature, pressure, treatment time, and utilization of chelating agents, organic modifiers, and oxidizing agents in the static and dynamic modes was investigated to establish the best conditions for high ECs removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdal Yabalak
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Laboratory of Environmental Technologies and Applications, Department of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, 73100, Greece.
| | - A Murat Gizir
- Department of Chemistry, Mersin University, 33342, Mersin, Turkey
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Antonio M, Alcaraz MR, Culzoni MJ. Advances on multiclass pesticide residue determination in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x. [PMID: 39088175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The application of agrochemicals in citrus fruits is widely used to improve the quality of crops, increase production yields, and prolong post-harvest life. However, these substances are potentially toxic for humans and the ecosystem due to their widespread use, high stability, and bioaccumulation. Conventional techniques for determining pesticide residues in citrus fruits are chromatographic methods coupled with different detectors. However, in recent years, the need for analytical strategies that are less polluting for the environment has encouraged the appearance of new alternatives, such as sensors and biosensors, which allow selective and sensitive detection of pesticide residues in real time. A comprehensive overview of the analytical platforms used to determine pesticide residues in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products is presented herein. The review focuses on the evolution of these methods since 2015, their limitations, and possible future perspectives for improving pesticide residue determination and reducing environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antonio
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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Li T, Ning T, Liu X, Zhao C, Shi X, Xu G. Dihydroxyl modified UiO-66 as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for detection of neonicotinoid insecticides. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464970. [PMID: 38744187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The extensive usage of neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) has raised many concerns about their potential harm to environment and human health. Thus, it is of great importance to develop an efficient and reliable method to determine NIs in food samples. In this work, three Zr4+-based metal-organic frameworks functionalized with various numbers of hydroxyl groups were fabricated with a facile one-pot solvothermal method. Among them, dihydroxy modified UiO-66 (UiO-66-(OH)2) exhibited best adsorption performance towards five target NIs. Then, a sensitive and efficient method for detection of NIs from vegetable and fruit samples was established based on dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) with UiO-66-(OH)2 as adsorbent coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Key parameters affecting the dSPE procedure including amounts of adsorbent, adsorption time, eluent solvents and desorption time were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, rapid adsorption of NIs within five minutes was achieved due to the high affinity of UiO-66-(OH)2 towards NIs. The developed method exhibited high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.003 to 0.03 ng/mL and wide linearity range over 3-4 orders of magnitude from 0.01 to 500 ng/mL. Furthermore, the established method was applied for determining trace NIs from complex matrices with recoveries ranging from 74.6 to 99.6 % and 77.0-106.8 % for pear and tomato samples, respectively. The results indicate the potential of UiO-66-(OH)2 for efficient enrichment of trace NIs from complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China.
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4
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Gkountouras D, Boti V, Albanis T. High resolution mass spectrometry targeted analysis and suspect screening of pesticide residues in fruit samples and assessment of dietary exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124143. [PMID: 38735465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fruits consistently hold a prominent position in healthy dietary habits. Pesticides are used to manage plant diseases, achieve sustainable production, and maintain high food standards. This study utilized a comprehensive analytical technique that involved both targeted analysis and suspect screening. Analysis was conducted using Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ)/Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) to examine pesticide levels in fruits. The matrices chosen comprised fruit commodities that are commonly consumed in Greece, including table grapes, apples, pears, citrus fruits, and strawberries. The QuEChERS approach was effectively validated for 30 specific pesticides. According to the method acceptance criteria established by SANTE, the QuEChERS method have shown exceptional efficiency in extracting the chosen pesticides, with recovery rates ranging from 70% to 120% in three concentration levels (10, 50, 100 μg kg-1). It also exhibited outstanding linearity, with an R2 more than 0.99. The method exhibited exceptional precision, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 20%. Additionally, the combined measurement uncertainty (MU%) was found to be acceptable, remaining below 50% The quantification limits were below 10 μg kg-1 for the majority of the analytes, satisfying the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) established by the European Commission. Following targeted analysis, a dietary risk assessment was performed, revealing that both acute and chronic hazard quotients (aHQ and cHQ), along with chronic hazard index (cHI) were below 1, which indicated that the studied commodities are safe for human consumption. In addition, a suspect screening workflow was developed based on an in-house database comprising 355 pesticides commonly applied to the relevant commodities and related transformation products (TPs). Overall, through suspect screening, twenty-two additional pesticides and TPs not included in the target list were identified. Hence, this approach is anticipated to function as proactive alert system guaranteeing the long-term viability of agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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Bhattacharya R, Arora S, Ghosh S. Bioprocess optimization for food-grade cellulolytic enzyme production from sorghum waste in a novel solid-state fermentation bioreactor for enhanced apple juice clarification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120781. [PMID: 38608570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Transforming global agricultural waste into eco-friendly products like industrial enzymes through bioconversion can help address sustainability challenges aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Present study explored the production of high-yield food-grade cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei MTCC 4876, using a novel media formulation with a combination of waste sorghum grass and cottonseed oil cake (3:1). Optimization of physical and environmental parameters, along with the screening and optimization of media components, led to an upscaled process in a novel 6-L solid-state fermentation (SSF)-packed bed reactor (PBR) with a substrate loading of 200 g. Saturated forced aeration proved crucial, resulting in high fungal biomass (31.15 ± 0.63 mg glucosamine/gm dry fermented substrate) and high yield cellulase (20.64 ± 0.36 FPU/g-ds) and xylanase (16,186 ± 912 IU/g-ds) production at an optimal airflow rate of 0.75 LPM. The PBR exhibited higher productivity than shake flasks for all the enzyme systems. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration of the crude cellulolytic extract achieved 94% and 71% recovery, respectively, with 13.54 FPU/mL activity in the cellulolytic enzyme concentrate. The concentrate displayed stability across wide pH and temperature ranges, with a half-life of 24.5-h at 50 °C. The cellulase concentrate, validated for food-grade safety, complies with permissible limits for potential pathogens, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticide residue. It significantly improved apple juice clarity (94.37 T%) by reducing turbidity (21%) and viscosity (99%) while increasing total reducing sugar release by 63% compared with untreated juice. The study also highlighted the potential use of lignin-rich fermented end residue for fuel pellets within permissible SOx emission limits, offering sustainable biorefinery prospects. Utilizing agro wastes in a controlled bioreactor environment underscores the potential for efficient large-scale cellulase production, enabling integration into food-grade applications and presenting economic benefits to fruit juice industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikamal Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sidharth Arora
- Fermentech Labs Pvt. Ltd, TIDES Business Incubator, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Oluwoyo T, Kocadal K, Saygi S, Battal D. Determination of pesticide residue content in fruits and vegetables from Lagos, Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024002-0. [PMID: 38631394 PMCID: PMC11079411 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing countries like Nigeria are increasingly employing pesticides to boost the productivity of their agriculture and food supply, despite the fact that doing so poses a health risk to the general populace. The purpose of this study was to assess pesticide residue levels in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 18 samples from three neighbourhood markets were collected, and they were then examined for the presence of organochlorine (Endosulfan I, Pentachlorophenol, Heptachlor epoxide, and Endosulfan II) and organophosphate (Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Phorate, and methyl parathion) residues. During the pre-treatment, the multi-residue Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS citrate) method with the addition of acetonitrile was used, and then samples were analysed using GC-MS. All of the samples contained dichlorvos, but the orange sample's concentration was below the limit of quantification, making quantification impossible. Dimethoate concentrations were below MRLs except waterleaf sample. With a concentration of 0.043 μg/mL, Waterleaf had the highest quantity of dimethoate in the sample. The findings of this study indicate that in order to safeguard the health of consumers, it is necessary to closely monitor organochlorine and organophosphate use nationwide, along with other related pesticides, and to test for pesticide residues in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Oluwoyo
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Kumsal Kocadal
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Sahan Saygi
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Battal
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Nicosia/TRNC Mersin 10, Türkiye
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin, Türkiye
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Yabalak E, Aminzai MT, Gizir AM, Yang Y. A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices. Molecules 2024; 29:258. [PMID: 38202840 PMCID: PMC10780272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Most organic pollutants are serious environmental concerns globally due to their resistance to biological, chemical, and photolytic degradation. The vast array of uses of organic compounds in daily life causes a massive annual release of these substances into the air, water, and soil. Typical examples of these substances include pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since they are persistent and hazardous in the environment, as well as bio-accumulative, sensitive and efficient extraction and detection techniques are required to estimate the level of pollution and assess the ecological consequences. A wide variety of extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical water extraction, have been recently used for the extraction of organic pollutants from the environment. However, subcritical water has proven to be the most effective approach for the extraction of a wide range of organic pollutants from the environment. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the subcritical water extraction technique and its application to the extraction of PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and others form environmental matrices. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the influence of key extraction parameters, such as extraction time, pressure, and temperature, on extraction efficiency and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Yabalak
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Mohammad Tahir Aminzai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kabul University, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan;
| | - Ahmet Murat Gizir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Türkiye;
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Ouakhssase A, Ait Addi E. Monitoring 432 potential pesticides in tomatoes produced and commercialized in Souss Massa region-Morocco, using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122611. [PMID: 37769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we monitored 432 pesticide residues in 39 tomato samples (cherry tomato) obtained from local markets in Souss Massa region-Morocco. We used a QuEChERS combined with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and the method was validated based on SANTE 11312/2021 guideline. The limits of quantification (LOQ) obtained for most of the pesticides analyzed are at the limit with default EU MRLs or well below other EU MRLs. Recoveries (between 70 and 120%) and RSDs (≤20%) are satisfactory for more than 95% of the analytes at spiking level of 0.01 mg/kg and more than 97% at 0.1 mg/kg. The results indicated that 22 out of 39 tomato samples are positives and the most of our samples had levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) with average concentrations between 0.011 and 0.156 mg/kg. The most found pesticides were azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in tomato (7 samples). Only buprofezin (0.095 mg/kg) was found above the EU MRLs (0.01 mg/kg). Also, banned pesticides namely benalaxyl, spirodiclofen and imidacloprid have been detected. The results of our study confirm the previous findings and gives insights on the occurrence of different pesticides in tomato samples from Souss Massa region-Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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Liu J, Zhao H, Yin Z, Dong H, Chu X, Meng X, Li Y, Ding X. Application and prospect of metabolomics-related technologies in food inspection. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113071. [PMID: 37330829 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food inspection covers a broad range of topics, including nutrient analysis, food pollutants, food auxiliary materials, additives, and food sensory identification. The foundation of diverse subjects like food science, nutrition, health research, and the food industry, as well as the desired reference for drafting trade and food legislation, makes food inspection highly significant. Because of their high efficiency, sensitivity, and accuracy, instrumental analysis methods have gradually replaced conventional analytical methods as the primary means of food hygiene inspection. SCOPE AND APPROACH Metabolomics-based analysis technology, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), has become a widely used analytics platform. This research provides a bird's eye view of the application and future of metabolomics-related technologies in food inspection. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We have provided a summary of the features and the application range of various metabolomics techniques, the strengths and weaknesses of different metabolomics platforms, and their implementation in specific inspection procedures. These procedures encompass the identification of endogenous metabolites, the detection of exogenous toxins and food additives, analysis of metabolite alterations during processing and storage, as well as the recognition of food adulteration. Despite the widespread utilization and significant contributions of metabolomics-based food inspection technologies, numerous challenges persist as the food industry advances and technology continues to improve. Thus, we anticipate addressing these potential issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuanlin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of plant protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Luo X, Zeng X, Wei D, Ma C, Li J, Guo X, Cheng L, Mao Z. Pesticide residues in common fruits and vegetables in Henan Province, China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:244-252. [PMID: 37287103 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2214797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study 3307 samples of 24 vegetables and fruits from 18 regions of Henan Province, China, were collected in 2021 with the aim of assessing the levels of pesticide residues and analysing the differences between different sources in Henan Province. Thirteen kinds of pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detection rates were compared by the chi-square test. In all samples, except ginger, pimento, edible fungi and yam, pesticide residues were detected. The detection rates of difenoconazole, acetamiprid, carbendazim, procymidone, emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and dimethomorph in supermarkets and traditional farmers' markets were different. The difenoconazole group and the dimethomorph group were both statistically different (P < 0.05). This study showed common vegetables and fruits to contain pesticide residues in Henan Province and provided a scientific basis for their evaluation. Different sources take different regulatory measures to control pesticide residues to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinghong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Linghui Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Park BK, Joo KS, Heo MJ. Evaluation of pesticide residues in vegetables and risk assessment from Incheon, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43795-43803. [PMID: 36662426 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated pesticide residues to evaluate food safety caused by vegetables in Incheon. A total of 385 samples of 33 different types of vegetables mainly consumed by Koreans were collected from the Incheon market in 2021. The pesticide residues were analyzed by the multi-residue methods of the Korean Food Code for 339 different pesticides. Of the 385 vegetables, no residual pesticides were detected in 329 samples (85.5%), while 56 samples (14.5%) contained residual pesticides and 13 samples (3.4%) had residues above the maximum residue limit. A total of 34 different pesticide residues were detected and 8 pesticides exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticide residues were fluxametamide (7 samples), azoxystrobin (4 samples), chlorantraniliprole (3 samples), flubendiamide (3 samples), and procymidone (3 samples). The highest values in the risk assessment were obtained when Chinese chives were consumed with terbufos. But the values of HQ and cHI were lower than 100%. Therefore, the results showed that the detected pesticides were no potential risk from consumption of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Kyu Park
- Samsan Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Incheon Institute of Public Health and Environment, 46, Yeongseongdong-Ro, Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, 21320, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Sig Joo
- Samsan Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Incheon Institute of Public Health and Environment, 46, Yeongseongdong-Ro, Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, 21320, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Je Heo
- Samsan Agricultural Products Inspection Center, Incheon Institute of Public Health and Environment, 46, Yeongseongdong-Ro, Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, 21320, Republic of Korea
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12
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Determination of 301 pesticide residues in tropical fruits imported to Turkey using LC–MS/MS and GC-MS. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Shan G, Zhu M, Zhang D, Shi T, Song J, Li QX, Hua R. Effects of plant morphology, vitamin C, and other co-present pesticides on the deposition, dissipation, and metabolism of chlorothalonil in pakchoi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84762-84772. [PMID: 35789467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues have been a focus of attention of food safety. Different varietal pakchoi plants grown in open fields were studied to understand effects of morphology, leaf wax content, and vitamin C on the deposition, dissipation, and metabolism of chlorothalonil. The loose pakchoi plants and flat leaves were conducive to pesticide deposition, but not plants with erect leaves. Chlorothalonil on nine varieties of pakchoi dissipated in the first-order kinetic with T1/2 s of 1.4 ~ 2.0 days. Vitamin C in pakchoi could promote the dissipation of chlorothalonil. Carbendazim could significantly promote the dissipation of chlorothalonil on pakchoi. Interestingly, four metabolites of chlorothalonil were identified in the pakchoi and the metabolic pathway was predicted by DFT calculations. The risk assessment showed that pakchoi were safe for consumption after 10 days of application of the recommended dose. This work provides important information for the understanding of deposition, dissipation, and metabolism of chlorothalonil in pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Shan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Meiqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jialong Song
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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14
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Gümüşsoy A, Yüksel E, Özer G, İmren M, Canhilal R, Amer M, Dababat AA. Identification and Biocontrol Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Their Endosymbiotic Bacteria in Apple Orchards against the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1085. [PMID: 36554995 PMCID: PMC9786672 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major pests in pome fruit production worldwide. Heavy treatment of the larvae of C. pomonella with insecticides triggered the development of resistance to many groups of insecticides. In addition, the increasing concern about the adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment has led to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly control practices for C. pomonella. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.) and their endosymbionts (Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp.) represent a newly emerging approach to controlling a wide range of insect pests. In the present study, field surveys were conducted in apple orchards to isolate and identify EPNs and their endosymbionts and evaluate their insecticidal efficacy on the larvae of C. pomonella. EPNs were isolated from 12 of 100 soil samples (12%). Seven samples were identified as Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), whereas five samples were assigned to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). The pathogenicity of the EPN species/isolates was screened on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella. The two most pathogenic isolates from each EPN species were tested against fifth instar larvae of C. pomonella under controlled conditions. The maximum mortality (100%) was achieved by all EPN species/isolates at a concentration of 100 IJs/larva 96 h after treatment. The endosymbionts of selected H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae species were identified as Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii and Xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively. The mortality rates ranged between 25 and 62% when the fifth larval instar larvae of C. pomonella were exposed to the treatment of cell-free supernatants of symbiotic bacteria. In essence, the present survey indicated that EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have good potential for biological control of C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asım Gümüşsoy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38030 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ebubekir Yüksel
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38030 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Göksel Özer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa İmren
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Canhilal
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38030 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Mohammed Amer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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15
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Ma C, Wei D, Liu P, Fan K, Nie L, Song Y, Wang M, Wang L, Xu Q, Wang J, Shi J, Geng J, Zhao M, Jia Z, Huan C, Huo W, Wang C, Mao Z, Huang S, Zeng X. Pesticide Residues in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Henan Province of China in 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:901485. [PMID: 35757605 PMCID: PMC9226416 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to control insect pests and regulate plant growth in China, which may result in the presence of some pesticide residues in the vegetables. However, few studies of monitoring pesticides have been conducted in Henan Province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables in the regions of Henan Province. Methods In this study, we collected 5,576 samples of 15 different vegetables in 17 areas from Henan Province during 2020. Eight kinds of pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin, isocarbophos, isazophos, fenthion and deltamethrin. The chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of pesticide residues in different regions. Results Of all the pesticides above, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin and isocarbophos were detected in vegetables, the detection rates were 27.0%, 16.2%, 11.4%, 3.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. However, isazophos, fenthion, and deltamethrin were not detected. In addition, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin were detected in urban areas, while pendimethalin was detected in rural areas. The detection rates of cypermethrin and pendimethalin in rural were 19.8% and 5.4%, respectively, which in urban were at relatively lower levels (13.7% and 1.9%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Compared the differences of pesticide detection rates among five areas of Henan province, we found that there were statistical differences in the detection rates of procymidone, cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in different regions (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The results have revealed that the pesticide residues are present. Higher detection rates and more types of pesticides were found in rural areas than urban areas. In addition, there were higher detection rates in Eastern Henan. The findings provided valuable information on the current pesticide residues status, which can be a reference of pesticide supervision and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zexin Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Huan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Institute for Special Food Inspection, Henan Province Food Inspection Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Ssemugabo C, Bradman A, Ssempebwa JC, Sillé F, Guwatudde D. An assessment of health risks posed by consumption of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables among residents in the Kampala Metropolitan Area in Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35535174 PMCID: PMC9050770 DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Pesticide use for fruits and vegetable production in Uganda may result in presence of residues on produce which may pose health risks to consumers. Uganda does not have an established system for monitoring pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and assessing potential health risks. This research aimed to conduct a health risk assessment of presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in the Kampala Metropolitan Area in Uganda. Method Pesticides were measured in 160 fruits and vegetables samples collected at farms, markets, street vendors, restaurants and homes; and analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fruit and vegetable consumption information was collected from 2177 people. Pesticide concentrations were compared with European Union maximum residual limits (MRLs). Mean values of pesticide concentration residues found in the sample of fruits and vegetables; and fruits and vegetables intake and body weight were used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticide residues. EDI values were compared with acceptable daily intakes (ADI) to calculate the hazard quotient by age group, and stage at which consumption happens along the chain. Results Overall, 57 pesticides were detected in fruits and vegetables from farm to fork. Of the 57, 39 pesticides were detected in all the fruits and vegetables studied. Concentrations of fonofos, fenitrothion and fenhexamid were above the European Union MRLs in some samples. Hazard quotients based on dietary ingestion scenarios for 18 pesticides, including dichlorvos (444) alanycarb (314), fonofos (68), fenitrothion (62), dioxacarb (55) and benfuracarb (24) and others, were above 1, indicating the possibility of chronic health risk to consumers. Chronic health risk decreased with age but was stable for stage at which consumption happens along the food chain. The number of pesticides with EDI greater than the ADI decreased with increase in age; with 18, 13, 9, 11, 8, 9, and 9 pesticides for age groups < 5, 5-12, 13-19, 20-25, 36-49 and ≥ 50 respectively. Conclusion Chronic dietary pesticide exposures to Ugandans are likely common, and for some pesticides result in exposure exceeding health-based benchmarks. Risks were highest for younger participants. There is an urgent need to increase monitoring and regulation of pesticides in fruits and vegetables in order to protect consumers, especially the children who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of pesticides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40550-022-00090-9.
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