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Wang R, Xu Z, Chen S, Su J, Huang Y, Hu Y. Tradeoffs between pH, dissolved organic carbon, and mineral ions regulate cadmium uptake by Solanum hyperaccumulators in calcareous soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118393. [PMID: 38309564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Soil solution pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) influence cadmium (Cd) uptake by hyperaccumulators but their tradeoff in calcareous soils is unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of Solanum nigrum L. and Solanum alatum Moench in calcareous soil using a combination of concentration gradient experiments (0.6-100 mg Cd kg-1) and soil solution composition analysis. The results showed that the soil solution pH of S. nigrum remained stable despite Cd stress. On average, the soil solution pH of S. alatum was 0.23 units higher than that of S. nigrum, although pH decreased significantly under high Cd stress. In addition, the concentrations of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in the soil solution of S. nigrum increased and decreased under low and high levels of Cd stress, respectively. In S. alatum, the K and Ca concentrations in the soil solution generally increased with increasing Cd stress levels. Moreover, the level of DOC in the soil solution of both plants was higher under Cd stress compared to the control, and a gradually increasing trend with Cd stress level was observed in S. alatum. Consequently, the bioconcentration factors of the roots (2.62-19.35) and shoots (1.20-9.59) of both plants were >1, while the translocation factors were <1, showing an obstacle of Solanum hyperaccumulators in transferring Cd into their aboveground parts. Redundancy analysis revealed that the Cd concentration in S. nigrum roots was significantly negatively correlated with the soil solutions of K and Ca. In contrast, Cd concentrations in S. alatum roots and shoots were significantly positively correlated with soil solution DOC, K, and Ca but negatively correlated with pH. Our results suggest that calcareous soil neutralizes the acidity of released protons but does not affect cation exchange, inhibiting DOC in assisting the translocation of Cd within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jieqiong Su
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yahu Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang K, Duan Y, Sun X, Lin L, An Q, Altaf MM, Zhu Z, Liu F, Jiao Y, Yin J, Xie C, Wang B, Feng H, Zhang X, Li D. Effect of EDDS on the rhizosphere ecology and microbial regulation of the Cd-Cr contaminated soil remediation using king grass combined with Piriformospora indica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133266. [PMID: 38118201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of soil heavy metals composite pollution on agricultural production and human health are becoming increasingly prevalent. The applications of green chelating agents and microorganisms have emerged as promising alternate methods for enhancing phytoremediation. The regulatory effects of root secretion composition, microbial carbon source utilization, key gene expression, and soil microbial community structure were comprehensively analyzed through a combination of HPLC, Biolog EcoPlates, qPCR, and high-throughput screening techniques. The application of EDDS resulted in a favorable rhizosphere ecological environment for the king grass Piriformospora indica, characterized by a decrease in soil pH by 0.41 units, stimulation of succinic acid and fumaric acid secretion, and an increase in carbon source metabolic activity of amino acids and carbohydrates. Consequently, this improvement enhanced the bioavailability of Cd/Cr and increased the biomass of king grass by 25.7%. The expression of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria was significantly upregulated by 99.2%, while there was no significant difference in Clostridium abundance. Furthermore, the richness of the soil rhizosphere fungal community (Ascomycota: 45.8%, Rozellomycota: 16.7%) significantly increased to regulate the proportion of tolerant microbial dominant groups, promoting the improvement of Cd/Cr removal efficiency (Cd: 23.4%, Cr: 18.7%). These findings provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of chelating agent-assisted plants-microorganisms combined remediation of heavy metals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kailu Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yali Duan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi) / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qianli An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangqiu Jiao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yin
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Can Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Baijie Wang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huiping Feng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dong Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou / Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration aboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea / Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Raina R, Sharma P, Batish DR, Kohli RK, Singh HP. Comparative assessment of two biodegradable chelants, S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, in facilitating Cd remediation by lesser swine cress (Coronopus didymus, Brassicaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1526. [PMID: 37996714 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemically assisted phytoremediation is suggested as an effective approach to amplify the metal-remediating potential of hyperaccumulators. The current study assessed the efficiency of two biodegradable chelants (S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, EDDS; nitrilotriacetic acid, NTA) in enhancing the remediation of Cd by Coronopus didymus (Brassicaceae). C. didymus growing in Cd-contaminated soil (35-175 mg kg-1 soil) showed increased growth and biomass due to the hormesis effect, and chelant supplementation further increased growth, biomass, and Cd accumulation. A significant interaction with chelants and different Cd concentrations was observed, except for Cd content in roots and Cd content in leaves, which exhibited a non-significant interaction with chelant addition. The effect of the NTA amendment on the root dry biomass and shoot dry biomass was more pronounced than EDDS at all the Cd treatments. Upon addition of EDDS and NTA, bio-concentration factor values were enhanced by ~184-205 and ~ 199-208, respectively. The tolerance index of root and shoot increased over the control upon the addition of chelants, with NTA being better than EDDS. With chelant supplementation, bio-accumulation coefficient values were in the order Cd35 + NTA (~163%) > Cd105 + NTA (~137%) > Cd35 + EDDS (~89%) > Cd175 + NTA (~85%) > Cd105 + EDDS (~62%) > Cd175 + EDDS (~40%). The translocation factor correlated positively (r ≥ 0.8) with tolerance index and Cd accumulation in different plant parts. The study demonstrated that chelant supplementation enhanced Cd-remediation efficiency in C. didymus as depicted by improved plant growth and metal accumulation, and NTA was more effective than EDDS in reclaiming Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Raina
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ravinder K Kohli
- Amity University, Sector 82A, IT City, International Airport Road, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Harminder P Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Mamut A, Huang J, Andom O, Zhang H, Zhang N, Zhou H, Lv Y, Li Z. Stability of exogenous Cadmium in different vineyard soils and its effect on grape seedlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165118. [PMID: 37364845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) being potentially toxic heavy metal, has become increasingly serious to vineyard soil and grapes in recent years. Soil type is one of the main factors affecting the absorption of Cd in grapes. To investigate the stabilization characteristics and form changes of Cd in different types of vineyard soils, a 90-days incubation experiment was conducted after exogenous Cd addition to 12 vineyard soils from typical vineyards in China. The inhibition of exogenous Cd on grape seedlings was determined based on the pit-pot incubation experiment (200 kg soil per pot). The results demonstrate that Cd concentration in all the sampling sites did not exceed the national screening values (GB15618-2018; i.e., 0.3 mg/kg when pH was lower than 7.5, 0.6 mg/kg when pH was higher than 7.5);. Cd in Fluvo-aquic soil 2, Red soils1, 2, 3 and Grey-Cinnamon soil is dominated by acid-soluble fraction, but was mainly in residual fraction in the remain soils. Throughout the aging process, proportion of the acid-soluble fraction increased and then decreased, while proportion of the residual fraction decreased and then increased, after exogenous Cd was added. The mobility coefficients of Cd in Fluvo-aquic soil 2 and Red soil 1, 2 increased 2.5, 3 and 2 folds, after exogenous Cd addition, respectively. Compared with CK (control), the correlation between total Cd content and its different fractions was relatively weak in the Cdl (low concentration) and Cdh (high concentration) groups. Poor Cd stabilization and strong inhibition of seedling growth rate were observed in Brown soil 1, black soil, red soil 1 and cinnamomic soil. Fluvo-aquic soil 2, 3 and Brown soil 2 showed good Cd stability and small inhibition effect on grape seedlings. These results show that Cd stability in soils and inhibition rate of grape seedlings by Cd are strongly influenced by soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajigul Mamut
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianquan Huang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Okbagaber Andom
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Fruit Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hu Zhou
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yizhong Lv
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Min T, Luo T, He H, Qin J, Wang Y, Cheng L, Ru S, Li J. Dissolved organic matter-assisted phytoremediation potential of cotton for Cd-contaminated soil: a relationship between dosage and phytoremediation efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84640-84650. [PMID: 35781660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a novel Cd-contaminated soils amendment for phytoremediation. However, the phytoremediation efficiency for different DOM doses has been insufficiently investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of five DOM doses (v/w, 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) on the phytoremediation efficiency of cotton in Cd-contaminated soil through pot experiment. The results showed that bioavailable Cd concentrations and organic matter in the soil increased with the increased of DOM dosage. The DOM dose increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and the total biomass of cotton. In addition, the DOM application increased the Cd content in cotton roots and changed the Cd uptake in cotton shoots, increasing shoot Cd extraction efficiency by 8.53-20%. Simultaneously, soil Cd phytoextraction efficiency significantly increased. Furthermore, applying a 1% DOM dose resulted in safeguarding fibre biomass and maximising the efficiency of shoot extraction. Redundancy analysis showed that the Mn content in leaves is critical for increasing cotton biomass, anti-oxidation competence and phytoremediation efficiency under 1% DOM dose. In conclusion, DOM enhanced cotton remediation in Cd-contaminated soils and applying DOM at 1% was a suitable choice for Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Min
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qin
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibo Ru
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma P, Rathee S, Ahmad M, Raina R, Batish DR, Singh HP. Comparison of synthetic and organic biodegradable chelants in augmenting cadmium phytoextraction in Solanum nigrum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1106-1115. [PMID: 36264021 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2133081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focused to enhance the cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction efficiency in Solanum nigrum by applying four biodegradable chelants (10 mM)-ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and citric acid (CA), when grown in Cd-spiked soil (12 and 48 mg kg-1). Plant height, dry biomass, photosynthetic traits, and metal accumulation varied significantly with Cd and chelant treatments. Cadmium-toxicity resulted in reduction of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology, whereas chelant supplementation alleviated the toxic effect of Cd and increased its accumulation. Tolerance index value increased with addition of chelants in the order: EGTA (1.57-1.63) >EDDS (1.39-1.58) >NTA (1.14-1.50) >CA (1-1.22) compared with Cd (0.46-1.08). Transfer coefficient of root increased with supplementation of EGTA (3.40-3.85), EDDS (3.10-3.40), NTA (2.60-2.90), and CA (1.85-2.29), over Cd-alone (1.61-1.63). Similarly, translocation factor was also increased upon addition of EGTA (0.52-0.73), EDDS (0.35-0.81), NTA (0.38-0.75), and CA (0.53-0.54), compared with Cd-alone (0.36-0.59). Maximum Cd removal (67.67% at Cd12 and 36.05% at Cd48) was observed with supplementation of EGTA. The study concludes that the supplementation of EGTA and EDDS with S. nigrum can be employed as an efficient and environmentally safe technique for reclamation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Riya Raina
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harminder P Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sharma P, Rathee S, Ahmad M, Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK. Biodegradable chelant-metal complexes enhance cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of Solanum americanum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57102-57111. [PMID: 35344144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxic contaminants (metals and metal-containing compounds) are accumulating in the environment at an astonishing rate and jeopardize human health. Remarkable industrial revolution and the spectacular economic growth are the prime causes for the release of such toxic contaminants in the environment. Cadmium (Cd) is ranked the 7th most toxic compound by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (USA), owing to its high carcinogenicity and non-biodegradability even at miniscule concentration. The present study assessed the efficiency of four biodegradable chelants [nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and citric acid (CA)] and their dose (5 mM and 10 mM) in enhancing metal accumulation in Solanum americanum Mill. (grown under 24 mg Cd kg-1 soil) through morpho-physiological and metal extraction parameters. Significant variations were observed for most of the studied parameters in response to chelants and their doses. However, ratio of root and shoot length, and plant height stress tolerance index differed non-significantly. The potential of chelants to enhance Cd removal efficiency was in the order - EGTA (7.44%) > EDDS (6.05%) > NTA (4.12%) > CA (2.75%). EGTA and EDDS exhibited dose-dependent behavior for Cd extraction with 10 mM dose being more efficient than 5 mM dose. Structural equation model (SEM) depicted strong positive interaction of metal extraction parameters with chelants (Z-value = 11.61, p = 0.001). This study provides insights into the importance of selecting appropriate dose of biodegradable chelants for Cd extraction, as high chelant concentration might also result in phytotoxicity. In the future, phytoextraction potential of these chelants needs to be examined through field studies under natural environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder P Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Ravinder K Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Wang Y, Xing W, Liang X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Huang Q, Li L. Effects of exogenous additives on wheat Cd accumulation, soil Cd availability and physicochemical properties in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152090. [PMID: 34863754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in wheat is a serious issue. The application of exogenous additives can effectively inhibit Cd bioavailability in soil and decrease Cd accumulation in wheat. However, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of how additives affect wheat Cd accumulation, wheat yield, soil Cd availability, and soil properties is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 65 peer-reviewed papers published before April 2021 to investigate how additives application affects Cd accumulation in wheat and soil Cd availability. The results indicated that most additives application decreased the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable-Cd content (5.27-56.33%) in the soil, and wheat grain and root Cd concentrations (0.03-129.87% and 0.42-52.84%, respectively); the pH values of wheat-grown soil and the properties of the additives affected the reduction percentage. Overall, most wheat-grown soils were calcareous soil (42 peer-reviewed papers); in calcareous soil, the magnitude of the Cd reduction in wheat grain was the highest under treatments with clay minerals (129.87%) due to clay modification, followed by composite (75.36%) and phosphorus materials (73.55%). Moreover, most additives application increased wheat grain yield by 0.03-51.84%, which was attributed to the positive effects of additives on wheat antioxidant capacity, photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake. Additives application increased the pH value of acidic wheat soil, and positively affected the electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content of the wheat grown soil. In addition, regression analysis showed that soil available Cd was negatively correlated with the pH value with additives application in acidic soil (r2 = 0.43), while a non-significant correlation was observed in neutral and calcareous wheat soils (r2 = 0.017 and 0.016, respectively). The results of this study can assist in the selection, modification, and utilisation of additives to remediate Cd-contaminated wheat soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Wang
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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