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Moosazadeh M, Ebrahimnejad P, Kheradmand M, Modanloo M, Mardanshah F, Mahboobi S, Rostamian M, Safajoo A, Dehghanzadegan M, kianmehr F. Association Between Smoking and Lipid Profile in Men Aged 35 to 70 Years: Dose-Response Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241249655. [PMID: 38742733 PMCID: PMC11095195 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241249655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is linked to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease and inflammation. This study aimed to assess the association between smoking and lipid profile in the Tabari cohort population. Data from the Tabari Cohort Study involving 4,149 men were analyzed. A standardized questionnaire collected smoking history, while blood samples measured lipid levels and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis utilized chi-square tests and logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of smoking was 893 (21.52%; urban: 20.6%, mountainous: 23.8%, significant level: .024). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) among smokers 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.77, p < .001) was the same as non-smokers. The adjusted OR of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in men with 1 to 10, 11 to 20, and more than 20 cigarettes per day was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.73-1.25), 1.30 (95% CI: 0.99-1.71), and 2.64 (95% CI: 1.32-5.27) and low HDL was equal to 1.34 (95% CI: 1.06-1.68), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.26-2.05), and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.13-4.42) compared with non-smokers, respectively. The study findings indicate that smoking is associated with lower HDL levels, even after adjusting for potential confounders. The odds of low HDL and high LDL increases with higher smoking intensity. The low HDL and high LDL levels in individuals smoking over 20 cigarettes/day, respectively, show a 2.24-fold and a 2.64-fold increased odds compared to non-smokers. These findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation in relation to lipid profiles and related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestitional Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mona Modanloo
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mardanshah
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shamim Mahboobi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrasa Rostamian
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Aysa Safajoo
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Marzieh Dehghanzadegan
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh kianmehr
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Zandian H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Pourfarzi F, Malekzadeh R, Rezaei S, Ghorbani S. Gastric troubles in Iran: The role of social and economic factors in Helicobacter pylori infection. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:120-128. [PMID: 37600545 PMCID: PMC10439454 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for gastric cancer in Iran, but the impact of socioeconomic factors on its prevalence is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequalities and risk factors associated with H. pylori infection in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the PERSIAN cohort study. A total of 20460 individuals aged 35 to 70 years in Ardabil, Iran were included in the study. H. pylori infection was determined based on stool tests and clinical records. Multilevel logistic regression models with random intercepts at household and community levels were used to identify risk factors associated with H. pylori prevalence. The concentration index (CIn) and concentration curve (CC) were employed to assess socioeconomic-related inequality. Results In this study, 70.4% (CI 69.6-71.0) of the participants were infected with H. pylori, with a higher prevalence in women (71.2%) than men (69.6%). Age (OR: 1.37, CI: 1.17-1.61), sex (OR: 1.20, CI: 1.12-1.28), level of education (OR: 1.33, CI: 1.17-1.49), cardiac disease (OR: 1.32, CI:1.18-1.46), and BMI groups (OR: 2.49, CI: 1.11-5.58) were significantly associated with H. pylori infection based on the multivariable logistic regression. The results of the CIn and CC indicated that H. pylori were more prevalent among economically disadvantaged groups (CIn: -0.1065; [-0.1374 to -0.0755]). Conclusion The prevalence of H. pylori in Iran is higher than in other developing countries, and significant socioeconomic inequality exists between the poor and the rich. To reduce the rate of gastric cancer, socio-economic and demographic factors, especially the poor and people with low levels of education, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zandian
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
- Social Determinants of Health Research center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Commerce, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sevda Ghorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Naghizadeh S, Faramarzi E, Akbari H, Jafari N, Sarbakhsh P, Mohammadpoorasl A. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse in Iranian adults: Results of Azar Cohort Study. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:99-104. [PMID: 37600541 PMCID: PMC10439452 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substance abuse has significant health impacts on families and society as a whole. We aimed to provide detailed prevalence estimates of substance abuse among the Azar Cohort Study respondents in Tabriz, Iran. Methods Data on 15006 participants of Azar Cohort Study were analyzed. The variables included tobacco smoking, alcohol use, drug abuse, and socio-demographic characteristics. The prevalence of substance abuse (with a 95% confidence interval) was calculated using the direct standardization method. Results Overall, 9.3% and 6.2% of the participants were regular and heavy cigarette smokers, respectively. Also, 1.9% and 2.1% of participants reported a history of using illicit drugs and alcohol, respectively. Substance abuse was more prevalent among males than females. Substance abuse varied significantly with age and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion We identified specific demographic and socioeconomic groups with a higher prevalence of all studied behaviors. Such high-risk groups should be targeted when designing substance abuse prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naghizadeh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Jafari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Moghadam TZ, Zandian H, Fazlzadeh M, Kalan ME, Pourfarzi F. Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1295. [PMID: 37407959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is associated with several deleterious health outcomes. We sought to estimate the prevalence of WTS and explore socioeconomic inequalities associated with this culturally-rooted tobacco smoking practice among Iranian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 20,460 adults (ages 18 and older) enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort study during 2020. Data were collected on socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and several risk factors related to non-communicable diseases. The concentration curve and relative concentration index (RCI) were administered to assess and quantify the SES-based inequality in WTS. RESULTS Overall age-adjusted prevalence of past-month WTS was 5.1% (95%CI:4.6-5.8), with about 1% for women and 10.6 for men. Age-adjusted prevalence of WTS was higher among younger adults, men, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. The RCI estimation showed that WTS is more popular among adults with high income and education. WTS was higher among younger adults, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. CONCLUSION There is a clear socioeconomic inequality in WTS, with a higher prevalence among adults with higher income and education. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address this inequality and reduce the prevalence of WTS among high-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Pourfarzi F, Rezaei S, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zandian H, Dibazar F. The socio-economic inequality in body mass index: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study on 20,000 Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:178. [PMID: 35840953 PMCID: PMC9287943 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to explore and determine the association between BMI and socio-economic factors in Iran. METHODS Adults aged 35 to 70 (n = 20,460) were included from Ardabil Non-Communicable Disease (ArNCD) cohort study. BMI was calculated as kg/m2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the socio-economic quintiles. Multivariate linear regression was performed to analyze the association of BMI as dependent variable with explanatory variables, Additionally, decomposition analyzing conducted to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obese people was 83.7% (41.4% overweight and 42.5% obese) wherein the highest frequency of obese people belonged to the age group of 45 to 49 years old (19.9%) and to the illiterate people (33.1%). The results of multivariate linear regression model showed that age, being female, marriage, lower education level, having chronic disease, alcohol use, and higher socioeconomic level positively associated with obesity. The results of the decomposition model showed that the most important variables affecting socioeconomic inequality in higher BMI level were socioeconomic status (75.8%), being women (5.6%), education level (- 4.1%), and having chronic disease (2.4%). CONCLUSION BMI showed significant association with socio-economic status, where richest people had significantly higher BMI than poorest group. Considering the direct role of high BMI in non-communicable diseases, new policies are needed to be developed and implemented by means of diet intervention and increased physical activity to control the BMI in the population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Foad Dibazar
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Tobacco Use among Urban Older Adults: Evidence from Western China in 2017. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Tobacco use is a global public health concern due to its association with a myriad of health hazards and costs. Previous studies have found that the disinhibiting influence of alcohol consumption may lead to an increase in tobacco use. In this study, we investigated why alcohol consumption is associated with tobacco use among older adults in Western China, and we attempted to explain the mechanisms that underlie the link between alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed a representative sample of 812 urban individuals aged 60 and older in 2017 in Western China. Results: We found that alcohol consumption (OR = 2.816, 95%CI: 1.770–4.479) was positively associated with tobacco use. Additionally, other factors, including gender (OR = 0.023, 95%CI: 0.009–0.060), age (OR = 0.758, 95%CI: 0.634–0.906), health literacy (OR = 0.977, 95%CI: 0.959–0.995) and functional impairment (OR = 0.871, 95%CI: 0.767–0.988) were also strongly related to tobacco use. Conclusions: Consistent with the results of existing studies, our findings demonstrated the disinhibiting influence of alcohol consumption on tobacco use, which confirmed the theoretical mechanisms that underlie the alcohol–tobacco link and implied the co-occurrence and co-use of alcohol and tobacco, which are used as “social lubricants” in the Chinese context. The importance of other factors related to tobacco use were also discussed. As the tobacco epidemic is combatted, joint interventions tailored to concurrent control over alcohol and tobacco need to be performed, and corresponding male-specific and age-specific health education and the reinforcement of health literacy must be considered as important priorities.
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Pourfarzi F, Moghadam TZ, Zandian H. Decomposition socio-economic inequality in cardiovascular disease prevalence in adult population: A cohort based cross-sectional study in north-west of Iran. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:297-306. [PMID: 35678004 PMCID: PMC9201090 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil,
Iran
| | - Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil,
Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil,
Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil,
Iran
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