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Akram H, Li J, Anser MK, Irfan M, Watto WA. Assessing the impact of human capital, renewable energy, population growth, economic growth, and climate change policies on achieving the sustainable development goals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119285-119296. [PMID: 37923889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The global emphasis on achieving sustainable development goals necessitates the involvement of researchers and regulators worldwide. In light of this, recent research has examined the effect of human capital, renewable energy, population growth, economic growth, and environmental protection on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a developed economy like Pakistan, which is the most important country in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. This study analyzed secondary data from 1990 to 2019, using the World Development Indicators as the secondary data source. Using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test to investigate stationarity and the autoregressive distributed lag model to evaluate the nexus between variables, the researchers analyzed the relationship between the variables. The findings indicate that all predictors, such as the human capital index (HCI), renewable energy consumption, and renewable energy, exhibit a negative correlation with carbon emissions and a positive correlation with the SDGs. In this study, sustainability and the HCI are positively correlated. Reducing carbon emissions requires competent and dependable employees. As Pakistan transitions to renewable energy and strives for 30% green electricity by 2030, the report highlights the ecological benefits of controlled population growth. According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), effective climate policies advance the environmental objectives of a nation. Economic and population growth have a positive correlation with carbon emissions as well. These results facilitate Pakistani policymakers' creation of effective SDG-related initiatives for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Akram
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development, North China Electric Power University, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Kahlid Anser
- School of Business, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad Watto
- Department of Accountancy, Superior University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zheng Y, Wei W, Murshed M, Khan S, Mahmood H, Das N. Repercussions of Hydroelectricity use on Carbon Emissions in Bangladesh: Evidence using Novel Fourier-Bootstrapped ARDL and Fourier-Gradual Shift Causality analyses. EVALUATION REVIEW 2023; 47:1025-1065. [PMID: 36282092 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x221135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh has recently pledged at the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) to reduce its carbon dioxide emission figures by 22% at the end of 2030. However, since this South Asian country has always turned to fossil fuels for electricity generation purposes, achieving this emission reduction goal is a challenging task for the Bangladesh government. Nevertheless, considering the negative environmental implications associated with the generation and consumption of unclean energy, particularly electricity, it is critically important for Bangladesh to expedite the process of clean transformation of its traditional pollution-intensive power system. Hence, the objective of this study is to dissect the repercussions of hydroelectricity use on Bangladesh's fossil fuel consumption-related carbon dioxide As opposed to the traditional method of quantifying environmental quality using total carbon dioxide emissions, this study considers Bangladesh's annual carbon dioxide emissions generated from the combustion of gas, oil, and coal. Besides, novel Fourier-based econometric methods that effectively handle structural break problems in data are utilized in this study. Based on the results, it is found that up-scaling hydroelectricity consumption levels exert emission-inhibiting effects while greater economic globalization activities are witnessed to boost the emissions. More importantly, hydroelectricity consumption and economic globalization are observed to jointly curb fossil fuel consumption-based emissions of carbon dioxide. Additionally, the results verify the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Bangladesh. Furthermore, financial sector development is found to be effective in reducing the natural gas consumption-related carbon dioxide emissions while urbanization is held responsible for amplifying emissions generated from all three types of fossil fuels. Therefore, considering these findings, the Bangladesh government needs to particularly emphasize scaling up production and consumption of hydroelectricity to decarbonize its economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Zheng
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
- Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samiha Khan
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Narasingha Das
- Economists for Peace and Security-Australia Chapter, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mehmood U, Askari MU, Saleem M. The assessment of environmental sustainability: The role of research and development in ASEAN countries. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1313-1320. [PMID: 34951110 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the set targets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to increase research and development (R&D) expenditures, this study probes the long-term and causal association between renewable energy (RE), nonrenewable energy (NRE), economic growth (GDP), and ecological footprints (EFs) in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Empirical evidence is based on the panel data throughout the period 1990-2016 for the selected six ASEAN economies. The Westerlund co-integration test confirms the long-run association between R&D, RE, NRE, GDP, and EF. The results of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) confirm the presence of EKC and show that R&D expenditures lower EF significantly. A 1% increase in R&D and RE decreases EF by 0.01% and 0.27%, respectively. Moreover, a 1% increase in GDP and NRE increases EF by 5.52% and 0.17%, respectively. This means that investment in R&D will enhance air quality by lowering EF in estimated panel countries. Moreover, NRE consumption and GDP increase EF. The panel causality results confirm the bidirectional association between GDP, RE use, R&D expenditures, and EF. To achieve a desirable goal of a clean environment, R&D expenditures hold a strong position for ASEAN countries. This finding should encourage governments to involve public and private investments in R&D programs for energy efficiency. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1313-1320. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Askari
- Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Saleem
- Accounts Department, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang L, Mehmood U, Agyekum EB, Uhunamure SE, Shale K. Associating Renewable Energy, Globalization, Agriculture, and Ecological Footprints: Implications for Sustainable Environment in South Asian Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10162. [PMID: 36011797 PMCID: PMC9407704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the impacts of globalization (GL), renewable energy (RE), and value-added agriculture (AG) on ecological footprints (EF) and CO2 emissions. For quantitative analysis, this research paper includes yearly data from 1990-2018 for four South Asian nations: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These countries are most vulnerable to climate hazards and rapid economic transitions. The Westerlund test provides a strong association among the panel data. The findings of ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) show that RE is lowering CO2 emissions and EF in the long run. A 1% increase in RE results in a 10.55% and 2.08% CO2 decrease in emissions and EF, respectively. Globalization and AG are contributing to environmental degradation in selected South Asian countries. Therefore, these countries need to exploit solar energy to its full capacity. Moreover, these countries need to explore more RE resources to reduce their dependence on non-RE sources. These countries can make their agricultural sectors sustainable by following efficient farming practices. Environmental awareness should be enhanced among the farmers. Farmers can use animal fertilizers and clean inputs in AG to achieve sustainable agricultural products. Overall, this work suggests that these countries can achieve a cleaner environment by adopting RE and by promoting efficient technologies through globalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Wang
- Terms in Financial Engineering School of Economics and Management, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262799, China
| | - Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Laboratory (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Solomon Eghosa Uhunamure
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Karabo Shale
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
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Mehmood U. Determining the factors of ecological footprints in South Asian countries: exploring the role of renewable energy and forest area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56128-56135. [PMID: 35332450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the associations of ecological footprints (EF), forest area (FOR), renewable energy (RE), non-renewable energy (EU), financial development (FD), and agricultural value add (AGR) in South Asian economies. The annual data of 1990-2018 is used for analysis. This work uses robust second-generation econometric methodologies. After the validation of cross-sectional dependence (CD), the stationarity test shows stationarity at the level and first difference. The co-integration test shows strong co-integration among the panel data, and the results of cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) show that renewable energy, forest area, and FD are environmentally friendly in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and India. The use and promotion of renewable energy in the agricultural sector are suggested. Moreover, agricultural policies need to revise in these countries. FD and forest areas are helpful to mitigate environmental degradation. Therefore, the preservation of forest areas is compulsory for South Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Yang L, Bashiru Danwana S, Issahaku FLY. Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Africa: The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption, Natural Resources, and Government Effectiveness—Evidence from Symmetric and Asymmetric ARDL Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138038. [PMID: 35805708 PMCID: PMC9265570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the symmetric and asymmetric linkages within environmental sustainability proxied by ecological footprint (EFP), natural resources (NRR), renewable energy consumption (REC), urbanization (URB), human capital (HC), and government effectiveness (GE) in 27 African countries divided into two subgroups (ecological deficit countries and ecological reserve countries) over the period 1990 to 2018. The study employs the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the symmetric (linear) effect and the nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to study the asymmetric (nonlinear) effects of the variables on EFP. Results of ARDL show that a 1% increase in REC is projected to reduce ecological footprint by 0.17 and 0.2% in ecological deficit and ecological reserve countries. A 1% increase in NRR is estimated to increase ecological footprint by 0.02% in ecological deficit countries but has no impact on the environment in countries with ecological reserves. Similarly, a 1% rise in GE is estimated to increase EFP by 0.04% in Africa but has no impact on the environment in ecological deficit countries. NARDL estimations decomposed REC into positive (negative) shocks, which show that a 1% increase (decrease) in REC is projected to decrease EFP by 0.16% (0.13%) in countries with ecological reserves. Similarly, a positive (negative) shock in NRR is expected to decrease EFP in ecological reserve countries and increase EFP in ecological deficit countries. Results of the Wald tests prove the existence of long-run asymmetry among the variables. The findings indicate that renewable energy consumption enhances environmental quality, while economic growth and natural resource rents reduce environmental quality in Africa over the sampled period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168 Taifeng Road, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Sumaiya Bashiru Danwana
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168 Taifeng Road, Huainan 232001, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fadilul-lah Yassaanah Issahaku
- School of Mathematics and Big Data, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168 Taifeng Road, Huainan 232001, China;
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Mehmood U, Tariq S, ul Haq Z, Agyekum EB, Kamel S, Elnaggar M, Nawaz H, Hameed A, Ali S. Can Financial Institutional Deepening and Renewable Energy Consumption Lower CO 2 Emissions in G-10 Countries: Fresh Evidence from Advanced Methodologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095544. [PMID: 35564938 PMCID: PMC9103211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To tackle the challenges associated with global warming and climate change, several countries set their targets to lower carbon emissions in accordance with COP21 (Paris Conference). Even though studies highlighted the different aspects that contribute to environmental degradation, there still exists the scarcity of adequate research that emphasizes the environmental implications of financial institutional deepening, renewable energy consumption (REC), and technology innovations. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of financial institutional deepening, REC, gross domestic product (GDP), imports, exports, and technology innovations to achieve sustainability in G-10 countries, namely The Netherlands, Germany, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, Canada, and Italy from 1990 to 2020. The results obtained from cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and the dynamic common correlated effects mean group (DCCEMG) models reveal that financial institutional deepening and imports positively impact CO2 emissions (CO2e) both in the long and short run. A 1% increase in financial institutional deepening and import will increase CO2e by 0.5403% and 0.2942% in the short run and 0.2980% and 0.1479% in the long run levels, respectively. Contrary to this, REC, GDP, exports, and technology innovations improve environmental quality in these countries. The Dumitrescu & Hurlin causality test shows bidirectional causality between imports and CO2e, GDP and CO2e, exports and CO2e, and financial institutional deepening and CO2e, compared to unidirectional causality from technology innovations to CO2e and from REC to CO2e. Apart from this, the outcomes suggest that policymakers in G-10 countries have to consider their financial markets and firms to revise their current environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (U.M.); (Z.u.H.); (H.N.); (A.H.); (S.A.)
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Salman Tariq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Zia ul Haq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (U.M.); (Z.u.H.); (H.N.); (A.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Salah Kamel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Elnaggar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Hasan Nawaz
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (U.M.); (Z.u.H.); (H.N.); (A.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Ammar Hameed
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (U.M.); (Z.u.H.); (H.N.); (A.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (U.M.); (Z.u.H.); (H.N.); (A.H.); (S.A.)
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Mehmood U. Environmental degradation and financial development: do institutional quality and human capital make a difference in G11 nations? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38017-38025. [PMID: 35072878 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Developing nations are rushing towards economic developments; however, this development is increasing the ecological footprints. In this regard, it has become important to identify the factors of environmental degradation. For sound economic growth, countries are enhancing their human resources with sound financial institutions. Therefore, this work examines the effects of human capital (HC), financial development (FD), and institutional quality (IQ) on ecological footprints (EF) in the group of 11 countries. This work also checks the interactional effect of FD, human capital, and IQ on ecological footprints. This work employs the annual data of 1984-2017 and utilizes the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag approach for panel data analysis (CS-ARDL). The findings show that FD is degrading the environmental quality by 0.04%. Furthermore, IQ and HC are improving environmental quality by 0.07% and 0.01%. The findings also reveal that FD is lowering ecological footprints through the channel of HC and IQ. Based on the findings, these countries need to extend human capital with an efficient institutional network for environmental sustainability. These countries need to allocate funds to the health and education sector to develop human capital. Moreover, human resource management tools should be strengthened to cope with the challenges of environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mehmood U. Examining the role of financial inclusion towards CO2 emissions: presenting the role of renewable energy and globalization in the context of EKC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15946-15954. [PMID: 34633617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To achieve sustainable development, the role of financial inclusion has been discussed in limited studies. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the impacts of financial inclusion, renewable energy, globalization, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in the context of environmental Kuznets curve. The annual data of 1990-2017 is analyzed by employing second-generation methods. Westerlund test confirm the long-run association among the panel data. Cross-sectional auto-regressive distributive lag approach has been applied because this method considers the cross-sectional dependence among the panel data to provide robust results. The findings show that financial inclusion is increasing carbon dioxide emissions. This means that financial inclusion requires to integrate it with greener environmental policies. Renewable energy is helpful in mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions but globalization and economic growth are increasing carbon dioxide emissions. On the base of the findings, it is recommended that Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka need to revise their international trade policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mehmood U. Biomass energy consumption and its impacts on ecological footprints: analyzing the role of globalization and natural resources in the framework of EKC in SAARC countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17513-17519. [PMID: 34664171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research scholars have diverted their attention towards the effect of biomass energy use on ecological footprints. Although recent research has investigated this association, the link between ecological footprints and biomass energy consumption has not provided consistent results. Therefore, this research attempts to fill the gap by examining the ecological footprints-biomass energy consumption nexus in the context of environmental Kuznets curve over the period of 1990-2016 in South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC) countries. Moreover, this work incorporates globalization, natural resources, and economic growth (GDP) for empirical analysis. In doing empirical analysis, we applied some econometric analysis to deal with the issue of cross-sectional dependence in the data. The outcomes of fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares estimations show that biomass energy consumption increases ecological footprints in SAARC countries. Moreover, globalization and GDP are also increasing ecological footprints. Environmental Kuznets curve cannot be validated in estimated countries. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test confirms one-way causality from biomass energy usage to ecological footprints. On the base of empirical results, several policy implications are suggested for SAARC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mehmood U. Renewable energy and foreign direct investment: does the governance matter for CO2 emissions? Application of CS-ARDL. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19816-19822. [PMID: 34718977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a global problem, and the policy-makers are trying their best to mitigate the impacts of drastic climate variability. Considering the mandate of Kyoto Protocol, this work investigates the individual and interactive impacts of renewable energy, economic growth, government effectiveness, and foreign investment towards carbon emissions in selected South Asian countries of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. The annual data of 1996-2019 has been analyzed by adopting advance methods. After confirming the cross-sectional dependence in the panel data, Westerlund cointegration test confirms the strong association of 1% level among the variables. Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag approach is employed to present long- and short-run coefficient values, which shows all data is having cross-sectional dependence at 1% level. Renewable energy and its interactive terms with government effectiveness and FDI are environmental friendly. A 1% increase in renewable energy is lowering CO2 emissions by 13.95%. Moreover, 1% increase in governance is reducing carbon emissions by 7.68%. This shows that these governments should integrate the FDI with renewable energy in the context of strict environmental policies. The attention should be on to generate more renewable energy. This can be done by importing latest technologies and to develop the domestic research and development expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mehmood
- Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Center for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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