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Zhang Y, Qiao D, Zhang Z, Li Y, Shi S, Yang Y. Calcium signal regulated carbohydrate metabolism in wheat seedlings under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:123-136. [PMID: 38435855 PMCID: PMC10902238 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which calcium (Ca) signal regulated carbohydrate metabolism and exogenous Ca alleviated salinity toxicity. Wheat seedlings were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl, 150 mM) alone or combined with 500 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and/or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to primarily analyse carbohydrate starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as Ca signaling components. Treatment with NaCl, EGTA, or LaCl3 alone retarded wheat-seedling growth and decreased starch content accompanied by weakened ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase activities, as well as enhanced glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, alpha-amylase, and beta-amylase activities. However, it increased the sucrose level, up-regulated the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities and TaSPS and TaSuSy expression together, but down-regulated the acid invertase (SA-Inv) and alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-Inv) activities and TaSA-Inv and TaA/N-Inv expression. Except for unchanged A/N-Inv activities and TaA/N-Inv expression, adding CaCl2 effectively blocked the sodium salt-induced changes of these parameters, which was partially eliminated by EGTA or LaCl3 presence. Furthermore, NaCl treatment also significantly inhibited Ca-dependent protein kinases and Ca2+-ATPase activities and their gene expression in wheat leaves, which was effectively relieved by adding CaCl2. Taken together, CaCl2 application effectively alleviated the sodium salt-induced retardation of wheat-seedling growth by enhancing starch anabolism and sucrose catabolism, and intracellular Ca signal regulated the enzyme activities and gene expression of starch and sucrose metabolism in the leaves of sodium salt-stressed wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Qiao
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Shi
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingli Yang
- School of Life Science, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Shi S, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Wang Z, Yang Y. Copper stress-induced phytotoxicity associated with photosynthetic characteristics and lignin metabolism in wheat seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114739. [PMID: 36893694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution is one of environmental problems that adversely affects the growth and development of plants. However, knowledge of lignin metabolism associated with Cu-induced phytotoxicity mechanism is insufficient. The objective of this study was to reveal the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced phytotoxicity by evaluating changes in the photosynthetic characteristics and lignin metabolism in the seedlings of wheat cultivar 'Longchun 30'. Treatment with varying concentrations of Cu clearly retarded seedling growth, as demonstrated by a reduction in the growth parameters. Cu exposure reduced the photosynthetic pigment content, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including the maximum photosynthetic efficiency, potential efficiency of photosystem II (PS II), photochemical efficiency of PS II in light, photochemical quenching, actual photochemical efficiency, quantum yield of PS II electron transport, and electron transport rate, but notably increased the nonphotochemical quenching and quantum yield of regulatory energy dissipation. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the amount of cell wall lignin in wheat leaves and roots under Cu exposure. This increase was positively associated with the up-regulation of enzymes related to lignin synthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, laccase, cell wall bound (CW-bound) guaiacol peroxidase, and CW-bound conifer alcohol peroxidase, and TaPAL, Ta4CL, TaCAD, and TaLAC expression. Correlation analysis revealed that lignin levels in the cell wall were negatively correlated with the growth of wheat leaves and roots. Taken together, Cu exposure inhibited photosynthesis in wheat seedlings, resulting from a reduction in photosynthetic pigment content, light energy conversion, and photosynthetic electron transport in the leaves of Cu-stressed seedlings, and the Cu-inhibitory effect on seedling growth was related to the inhibition of photosynthesis and an increase in cell wall lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Shuqian Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, PR China
| | - Yingli Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Afshar AS, Abbaspour H. Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviate salinity stress in pistachio plants by altering gene expression and antioxidant pathways. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:263-276. [PMID: 36875732 PMCID: PMC9981847 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how inoculation of salt-stressed Pistacia vera seedlings with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), affects their biomass, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression. Pistachio seedlings (N:36) were randomly assigned to AMF inoculation and non-inoculation groups in a pot experiment with 9 replications. Each group was further divided and randomly assigned to two salinity treatments (0 and 300 mM NaCl). At the end of week 4, three pistachio plantlets were randomly selected from each group for Rhizophagus irregularis colonization inspection, physiological and biochemical assays, and biomass measurements. Salinity activated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the pistachio plants were studied. The negative effects of salinity included reduced biomass and relative water content (RWC), increased O2 ·-, H2O2, MDA, and electrolytic leakage. Generally, Rhizophagus irregularis was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in pistachio seedlings. AMF inoculation resulted in even further increases in the activities of SODs, POD, CAT, and GR enzymes, upregulating Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GR genes expression in plants under salinity stress. Moreover, AMF significantly increased AsA, α-tocopherol, and carotenoids under both control and salinity conditions. The study concludes with a call for future research into the mechanisms of mycorrhiza-induced tolerance in plants under salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Abbaspour
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng W, Lao S, Guo Y, Wu Y, Huang M, Tomlinson B, Zhong G. The Influence of EGCG on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bisoprolol and a New Method for Simultaneous Determination of EGCG and Bisoprolol in Rat Plasma. Front Nutr 2022; 9:907986. [PMID: 35711541 PMCID: PMC9193186 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.907986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Research has shown that green tea catechins may influence the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. We examined whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) affected the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bisoprolol in rats. Methods A sensitive, specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the quantitative determination of EGCG and bisoprolol. The pharmacokinetic parameters of EGCG and bisoprolol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were analyzed using non-compartmental methods with the aid of the computer program WinNolin. Blood pressure (BP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was monitored by the tail-cuff method. Bisoprolol was given as single doses of 10 mg/kg with or without EGCG 100 mg/kg by gavage or by intravenous injection. Results Intake of EGCG with bisoprolol by gavage significantly reduced the Cmax (mean Cmax from 2012.31 to 942.26 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and increased the Tmax (mean Tmax from 0.5 to 0.83 h, P < 0.01) for bisoprolol. After intravenous injection, EGCG significantly increased the apparent volume of distribution of bisoprolol (mean Vz/F from 1629.62 to 2473.27 mL/Kg, P < 0.05) and tended to increase the clearance. The absolute bioavailability of bisoprolol was reduced from 92.04 to 66.05% in rats when bisoprolol was administered with EGCG. Heart rate reduction was less in SHRs when EGCG was given by gavage with bisoprolol whereas BP reduction occurred more rapidly. Conclusion This study showed that the simultaneous administration of EGCG by gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg was associated with decreased Cmax and increased Tmax of bisoprolol, and the Vz/F of bisoprolol was increased when administered with EGCG by intravenous injection in SD rats. Moreover, the early heart rate reduction with bisoprolol was attenuated and BP reduction occurred earlier when EGCG was given with bisoprolol by gavage in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zeng
- The Second People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sixian Lao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Brian Tomlinson ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-5444
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhong
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