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Tan Y, Zhang D, Xiao P, Chen X, Zhang Y, Peng C, Peng A. Prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and childhood body mass index growth trajectories from birth to 6 years old. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16936. [PMID: 39043939 PMCID: PMC11266715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationships between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and childhood growth trajectories during the first 6 years of life. A total of 47,625 pairs of mothers and children were recruited from a prospective birth cohort conducted between 2011 and 2013 in Wuhan, China, and followed for 6 years. We used the group-based trajectory models to classify the population into three trajectory groups: slow growth (n = 13,671, 28.7%), normal growth (n = 29,736, 62.4%), and rapid growth (n = 4218, 8.9%). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the associations of prenatal PM2.5 exposure and childhood growth trajectories. Compared to normal growth trajectory, increased PM2.5 exposure in trimester 1, trimester 2 and the entire pregnancy showed significant associations with an increased risk of the slow growth trajectory but reduced the risk for the rapid growth trajectory, significant association of prenatal PM2.5 exposure with rapid growth trajectory was only observed in the trimester 3. Stratified analyses displayed relatively stronger associations among those mothers with maternal age over 35 years, pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and previous delivery experience. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, particularly during the midpoint period of pregnancy, was more likely to have a slow growth trajectory and a lower risk of rapid growth trajectory. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and previous delivery experience might modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Tan
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anna Peng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 100 Xianggang Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China.
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Zhang R, Li X, Li X, Zhang Q, Tang J, Liu Z, Song G, Jiang L, Yang F, Zhou J, Che H, Han Y, Qi X, Chen Y, Zhang S. Characterization of risks and pathogenesis of respiratory diseases caused by rural atmospheric PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169878. [PMID: 38190917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Forty-six percent of the world's population resides in rural areas, the majority of whom belong to vulnerable groups. They mainly use cheap solid fuels for cooking and heating, which release a large amount of PM2.5 and cause adverse effects to human health. PM2.5 exhibits urban-rural differences in its health risk to the respiratory system. However, the majority of research on this issue has focused on respiratory diseases induced by atmospheric PM2.5 in urban areas, while rural areas have been ignored for a long time, especially the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. This is not helpful for promoting environmental equity to aid vulnerable groups under PM2.5 pollution. Thus, this study focuses on rural atmospheric PM2.5 in terms of its chemical components, toxicological effects, respiratory disease types, and pathogenesis, represented by PM2.5 from rural areas in the Sichuan Basin, China (Rural SC-PM2.5). In this study, organic carbon is the most significant component of Rural SC-PM2.5. Rural SC-PM2.5 significantly induces cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Based on multiomics, bioinformatics, and molecular biology, Rural SC-PM2.5 inhibits ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) to disrupt the cell cycle, impede DNA replication, and ultimately inhibit lung cell proliferation. Furthermore, this study supplements and supports the epidemic investigation. Through an analysis of the transcriptome and human disease database, it is found that Rural SC-PM2.5 may mainly involve pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, and interstitial lung diseases; in particular, congenital diseases may be ignored by epidemiological surveys in rural areas, including tracheoesophageal fistula, submucous cleft of the hard palate, and congenital hypoplasia of the lung. This study contributes to a greater scientific understanding of the health risks posed by rural PM2.5, elucidates the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, clarifies the types of respiratory diseases, and promotes environmental equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiancai Tang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiqin Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hanxiong Che
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yan Han
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China.
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Niu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Xu H, Zhang H, Sun J, Ho KF, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Cao J. Health benefits from substituting raw biomass fuels for charcoal and briquette fuels: In vitro toxicity analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161332. [PMID: 36596416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matters with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) from biomass fuel combustion has been identified as a major cause of cardiopulmonary diseases. Briquette and charcoal are two representative processed fuels that exhibit different emission characteristics. This study compared three types of biomass fuels (maize straw, wheat straw, and wood branches) and their respective processed fuels in terms of their emission factors (EFs). The bioreactivity of human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells to exposure to various fuel-emitted PM2.5 was assessed. The EFs of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were calculated to compare actual cytotoxicity. The PM2.5 EFs of maize and wheat straw were higher than those of wood branches, and following the processes of briquetting and carbonization, the EFs of PM2.5 and chemical components were effectively reduced. Cell membrane damage and inflammatory responses were observed after A549 cell exposure to PM2.5 extracts. The expression of bioreactivity to briquettes and charcoals was lower than that to raw fuels. The EFs of LDH and IL-6 were also significantly reduced after briquetting and carbonization. This underscores the necessity of fuel treatment for reducing cytotoxicity. The crucial chemical components that contributed to cell oxidative and inflammatory responses were identified, including organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble ions (e.g., K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), metals (e.g., Fe, Cr, and Ni), and high-molecular-weight PAHs. This study elucidated the similarities and differences of PM2.5 emissions and cytotoxicity of three types of biomass fuel and demonstrated the positive effects of fuel treatment on reducing adverse pulmonary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongai Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Niu R, Cheng J, Sun J, Li F, Fang H, Lei R, Shen Z, Hu H, Li J. Alveolar Type II Cell Damage and Nrf2-SOD1 Pathway Downregulation Are Involved in PM 2.5-Induced Lung Injury in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12893. [PMID: 36232201 PMCID: PMC9566353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The general toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been intensively studied, but its pulmonary toxicities are still not fully understood. To investigate the changes of lung tissue after PM2.5 exposure and identify the potential mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity, PM2.5 samples were firstly collected and analyzed. Next, different doses of PM2.5 samples (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) were intratracheally instilled into rats to simulate lung inhalation of polluted air. After instillation for eight weeks, morphological alterations of the lung were examined, and the levels of oxidative stress were detected. The data indicated that the major contributors to PM2.5 mass were organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Different concentrations of PM2.5 could trigger oxidative stress through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and decreasing expression of antioxidant-related proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase). Histochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy displayed pulmonary inflammation, collagen deposition, mitochondrial swelling, and a decreasing number of multilamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells after PM2.5 exposure, which was related to PM2.5-induced oxidative stress. These results provide a basis for a better understanding of pulmonary impairment in response to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- Medical College, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Fan Li
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Huanle Fang
- Medical College, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ronghui Lei
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
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