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Chen Y, Li Y, Luo G, Luo C, Xiao Z, Lu Y, Xiang Z, Hou Z, Xiao Q, Zhou Y, Tang Q. Gene identification, expression analysis, and molecular docking of SAT and OASTL in the metabolic pathway of selenium in Cardamine hupingshanensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:148. [PMID: 38775862 PMCID: PMC11111505 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification of selenium stress-responsive expression and molecular docking of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) in Cardamine hupingshanensis. A complex coupled with serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) is the key enzyme that catalyzes selenocysteine (Sec) synthesis in plants. The functions of SAT and OASTL genes were identified in some plants, but it is still unclear whether SAT and OASTL are involved in the selenium metabolic pathway in Cardamine hupingshanensis. In this study, genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of ChSATs and ChOASTLs were performed. The eight ChSAT genes were divided into three branches, and the thirteen ChOASTL genes were divided into four branches by phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment, indicating the evolutionary conservation of the gene structure and its association with other plant species. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the ChSAT and ChOASTL genes were differentially expressed in different tissues under various selenium levels, suggesting their important roles in Sec synthesis. The ChSAT1;2 and ChOASTLA1;2 were silenced by the VIGS system to investigate their involvement in selenium metabolites in C. hupingshanensis. The findings contribute to understanding the gene functions of ChSATs and ChOASTLs in the selenium stress and provide a reference for further exploration of the selenium metabolic pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Guoqiang Luo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Cihang Luo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhijing Xiao
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yanke Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhixin Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhi Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
| | - Qiaoyu Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
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Hussain MM, Niazi NK, Bibi I, Ali F, Al-Misned F, Hussain K, Shahid M, Rehman A, Wang H. Unveiling the significance of foliar-applied silicon, selenium and phosphorus for the management and remediation of arsenic in two different rice genotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:294-303. [PMID: 37493366 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2240448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Under paddy soil conditions, rice plants are vulnerable to arsenic (As) accumulation, thus causing potential threat to human health. Here we investigated the influence of foliar-applied phosphorus (P: 10 and 20 mg L-1), silicon (Si: 0.6 and 1.5 g L-1) and selenium (Se: 5 and 10 mg L-1) on As accumulation, morphological and physiological attributes of two contrasting rice genotypes (KSK-133 and Super Basmati) under As stress (25 mg kg-1 as arsenate). Silicon foliar dressing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced grain As uptake (up to 67%) and improved rice growth and chlorophyll content (28-66%) in both rice genotypes over their controls. Phosphorus foliar application resulted in a notable decrease (17%) in grain As uptake of coarse rice genotype (KSK-133), while it slightly increased grain As uptake in the fine one (Super Basmati; 6%) compared to controls. However, foliar-applied Se did not show significant effects on rice plants growth attributes and As uptake in both genotypes. Similarly, biochemical and enzymatic attributes (i.e., lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, peroxidase and catalase) were improved with Si application in rice plants, except for P treatment that was only effective for coarse one. Foliar-applied Si also resulted in reduced cancer risk and hazard quotient (< 0.10) for both rice genotypes. This study advances our understanding on critical role of different foliar-applied nutrients and rice genotypes, which is imperative to develop effective As remediation and management strategies in coarse and fine rice genotypes and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus (4111), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (QDAF), Mareeba (4880), QLD, Australia
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Bhadwal S, Sharma S, Singh D. Interactive effects of selenium and arsenic on phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141071. [PMID: 38160958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a heavy toxic metalloid found in air, water and soil that adversely affects the plant growth by inducing oxidative stress in plants. Its contamination of rice is a serious problem throughout the world. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial micronutrient for plants that acts as an antioxidant at low doses and protect the plants against number of environmental stresses either by modulating the primary metabolic pathways or regulating the production of phenolic compounds. In the present investigation, effect of Se on different phenolics, enzymes related to their metabolism and antioxidative potential were studied in As stressed rice leaves. Rice plants were grown in pots containing sodium arsenate (2-10 mg As(V) kg-1 soil) and sodium selenate (0.5-1 mg Se kg-1 soil), both alone and in combination and leaf samples were analyzed for various biochemical parameters. Phenolic constituents increased in rice leaves with As(V) treatment from 2 to 5 mg kg-1 soil and leaves exposed to As(V) @ 5 mg kg-1 soil exhibited 1.7, 1.9 and 2.5 fold increase in total phenolics, o-dihydroxyphenols and flavonols, respectively at grain filling stage. Binary application of Se + As improved various phenolic constituents, FRAP, reducing power and antioxidant activities as compared to control. PAL, TAL and PPO activities increased from 1.3 to 4.6 fold in combined As + Se treatment at both the stages. Anthocyanin contents showed a decline (10.8 fold) with increasing As doses and its content improved at both the stages with maximum increase of 3.76 fold with As5+Se1 combination. Binary application of As + Se improved gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and kaempferol contents than control whereas catechin and coumaric acid showed the reverse trend. Application of Se can modulate phenolic constituents in leaf and grains of rice Cv PR126 due to As stress that helped plants to adapt to excess As and resulted in improved plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Bhadwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Sucheta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Dhanwinder Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Shomali A, Das S, Sarraf M, Johnson R, Janeeshma E, Kumar V, Aliniaeifard S, Puthur JT, Hasanuzzaman M. Modulation of plant photosynthetic processes during metal and metalloid stress, and strategies for manipulating photosynthesis-related traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108211. [PMID: 38029618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals constitute vital elements for plant metabolism and survival, acting as essential co-factors in cellular processes which are indispensable for plant growth and survival. Excess or deficient provision of metal/metalloids puts plant's life and survival at risk, thus considered a potent stress for plants. Chloroplasts as an organelle with a high metal demand form a pivotal site within the metal homeostasis network. Therefore, the metal-mediated electron transport chain (ETC) in chloroplasts is a primary target site of metal/metalloid-induced stresses. Both excess and deficient availability of metal/metalloids threatens plant's photosynthesis in several ways. Energy demands from the photosynthetic carbon reactions should be in balance with energy output of ETC. Malfunctioning of ETC components as a result of metal/metalloid stress initiates photoinhiition. A feedback inhibition from carbon fixation process also impedes the ETC. Metal stress impairs antioxidant enzyme activity, pigment biosynthesis, and stomatal function. However, genetic manipulations, nutrient management, keeping photostasis, and application of phytohormones are among strategies for coping with metal stress. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of metal/metalloid stress, as well as the exploration of potential strategies to mitigate its impact on plants are imperative. This review offers a mechanistic insight into the disruption of photosynthesis regulation by metal/metalloids and highlights adaptive approaches to ameliorate their effects on plants. Focus was made on photostasis, nutrient interactions, phytohormones, and genetic interventions for mitigating metal/metalloid stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, College of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Susmita Das
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala 673635, India
| | - Edappayil Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women Gandhi Nagar, Jammu 180004, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala 673635, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Liang Y, Liu H, Fu Y, Li P, Li S, Gao Y. Regulatory effects of silicon nanoparticles on the growth and photosynthesis of cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature dual stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:504. [PMID: 37864143 PMCID: PMC10589941 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) play a crucial role in plants mitigating abiotic stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of SiO2-NPs in response to multiple stress remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to reveal the regulatory mechanism of SiO2-NPs on the growth and photosynthesis in cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature dual stress. It will provide a theoretical basis for perfecting the mechanism of crop resistance and developing the technology of cotton seedling preservation and stable yield in arid and high salt areas. RESULTS The results showed that the salt and low-temperature dual stress markedly decreased the plant height, leaf area, and aboveground biomass of cotton seedlings by 9.58%, 15.76%, and 39.80%, respectively. While SiO2-NPs alleviated the damage of the dual stress to cotton seedling growth. In addition to reduced intercellular CO2 concentration, SiO2-NPs significantly improved the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of cotton seedling leaves. Additionally, stomatal length, stomatal width, and stomatal density increased with the increase in SiO2-NPs concentration. Notably, SiO2-NPs not only enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, but also slowed the decrease of maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll, and the increase in non-photochemical quenching. Moreover, SiO2-NPs enhanced the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, improved leaf water potential, and decreased abscisic acid and malondialdehyde content. All the parameters obtained the optimal effects at a SiO2-NPs concentration of 100 mg L- 1, and significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, and aboveground biomass by 7.68%, 5.37%, and 43.00%, respectively. Furthermore, significant correlation relationships were observed between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal density, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll, and Rubisco activity. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the SiO2-NPs improved the growth and photosynthesis of cotton seedlings might mainly result from regulating the stomatal state, improving the light energy utilization efficiency and electron transport activity of PSII reaction center, and inducing the increase of Rubisco activity to enhance carbon assimilation under the salt and low-temperature dual stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Liang
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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Geng A, Lian W, Wang X, Chen G. Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Arsenic Uptake, Transport, and Detoxification in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11031. [PMID: 37446207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid environmental pollutant ubiquitous in nature that causes chronic and irreversible poisoning to humans through its bioaccumulation in the trophic chain. Rice, the staple food crop for 350 million people worldwide, accumulates As more easily compared to other cereal crops due to its growth characteristics. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying As uptake, transport, and detoxification in rice is of great significance to solving the issue of As bioaccumulation in rice, improving its quality and safety and protecting human health. This review summarizes recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of As toxicity, uptake, transport, redistribution, regulation, and detoxification in rice. It aims to provide novel insights and approaches for preventing and controlling As bioaccumulation in rice plants, especially reducing As accumulation in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang P, Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhan Q, Bocharnikova E, Matichenkov V. Silicon-mediated alleviation of cadmium toxicity in soil-plant system: historical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48617-48627. [PMID: 36840874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of crops by Cd is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed for minimizing risk for human health. Today, numerous investigations have demonstrated that Si plays a role in reducing Cd toxicity and accumulation in cultivated plants. The evolution of scientific understanding - the Cd behavior in soil and in plant is discussed for the first time. Our analysis evidences that the research on Si-Cd interactions in the soil-plant system has quickened only in recent years, although basic interactions between silicic acid and Cd cations in aqueous systems were studied over 40-50 years ago. Today, numerous direct and indirect mechanisms of the Si impact on mobility and translocation of Cd in soil and in plants are reported. More productive studies in this area are those that considered the soil-plant system as a whole. Analysis of the development of the Cd-Si-related ideas suggests the prospects of further studies aimed at finding synergetic action of Si and other substances on Cd behavior in the soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Yangzhu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Elena Bocharnikova
- Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Matichenkov
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China.
- Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
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Ayed S, Bouhaouel I, Othmani A. Screening of Durum Wheat Cultivars for Selenium Response under Contrasting Environments, Based on Grain Yield and Quality Attributes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111437. [PMID: 35684210 PMCID: PMC9183021 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the literature, little information is available on the effect of Selenium (Se) on durum wheat yield and grain quality performances. A field investigation was conducted to explore the effect of exogenous Se foliar supply on two types of durum wheat germplasm; i.e., 16 advanced lines and nine modern varieties. The Se effect was assessed on grain yield as well as on technological quality traits (moisture, protein and gluten contents, Zeleny sedimentation index, and deformation energy) in two contrasting environments in Tunisia, namely Kef–Boulifa (semi-arid region) and Beja (sub-humid region). The results displayed significant effects of environments, Se foliar application, and cultivars on grain yield and quality attributes. For grain yield performance, the beneficial effect of Se was more pronounced under the Kef–Boulifa environment, and conversely for the grain quality. A genetic variation was observed within and among the two environments under both Se treatments (with and without Se). Notably, the Se-treated advanced lines displayed the highest grain yield under Kef–Boulifa and Beja conditions. Although these cultivars showed better grain quality in both sites, the modern varieties valorized the Se foliar application better. Cultivars that recorded the highest values for the studies attributes were not necessarily those that valorized the Se supply better. Interestingly, some advanced lines have noted superiority compared to the modern varieties. In this study, cultivars that combine both good yield and good grain quality were determined for semi-arid (L11, L1, Dhahbi, and Maali) and sub-humid (L2, L14, L6, L3, Salim, and INRAT 100) zones. The screening results provide genetic material that could be exploited in breeding programs to improve Se use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Ayed
- Field Crops Laboratory, LR20-INRAT-02, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Imen Bouhaouel
- Genetics and Cereal Breeding Laboratory, LR14AGR01, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia;
| | - Afef Othmani
- Field Crops Laboratory, LR20-INRAT-02, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Ariana 2049, Tunisia;
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