Socioeconomic and environmental factors of poverty in China using geographically weighted random forest regression model

Development and application of random forest regression soft sensor model for treating domestic wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor

Small-scale distributed water treatment equipment such as sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is widely used in the field of rural domestic sewage treatment because of its advantages of rapid installation and construction, low operation cost and strong adaptability. However, due to the characteristics of non-linearity and hysteresis in SBR process, it is difficult to construct the simulation model of wastewater treatment. In this study, a methodology was developed using artificial intelligence and automatic control system that can save energy corresponding to reduce carbon emissions. The methodology leverages random forest model to determine a suitable soft sensor for the prediction of COD trends. This study uses pH and temperature sensors as premises for COD sensors. In the proposed method, data were pre-processed into 12 input variables and top 7 variables were selected as the variables of the optimized model. Cycle ended by the artificial intelligence and automatic control system instead of by fixed time control that was an uncontrolled scenario. In 12 test cases, percentage of COD removal is about 91. 075% while 24. 25% time or energy was saved from an average perspective. This proposed soft sensor selection methodology can be applied in field of rural domestic sewage treatment with advantages of time and energy saving. Time-saving results in increasing treatment capacity and energy-saving represents low carbon technology. The proposed methodology provides a framework for investigating ways to reduce costs associated with data collection by replacing costly and unreliable sensors with affordable and reliable alternatives. By adopting this approach, energy conservation can be maintained while meeting emission standards.

Assessment of Urban Agglomeration Ecological Sustainability and Identification of Influencing Factors: Based on the 3DEF Model and the Random Forest

The evaluation of ecological sustainability is significant for high-quality urban development and scientific management and regulation. Taking the Chengdu urban agglomeration (CUA) as the research object, this paper combined the three-dimensional ecological footprint model (3DEF) and random forest to evaluate the ecological sustainability of the study area and identify the influencing factors. The study results indicate that: (1) From 2000 to 2019, the ecological sustainability of Chengdu urban agglomeration was divided into four types, and the overall ecological sustainability of this region showed a downward trend. The areas with higher ecological sustainability were mainly distributed in the northern part of the urban agglomeration (Mianyang City) and the southern part (Leshan City and Ya'an City), while the cities in the central region (Chengdu City, Meishan City, and Ziyang City) had lower ecological sustainability. (2) The main factors affecting the ecological sustainability of urban agglomerations are industrial wastewater discharge, industrial smoke (powder) dust discharge, and green coverage of built-up areas, followed by urbanization and population size. Through this study, we have two meaningful findings: (a) Our research method in this paper provides a new way to study the factors affecting the ecological sustainability of urban agglomerations. (b) The results of the identification of influencing factors might be the reference for urban environmental infrastructure construction and urban planning.