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Jia X, He J, Yan T, Lu D, Xu H, Li K, Ren Y. Copper oxide nanoparticles mitigate cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings through multiple physiological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34412-5. [PMID: 39042189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to crops growth and yield. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate the negative effect of heavy metal on crop growth. This study investigated the beneficial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the morphological and physiological-biochemical traits of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results demonstrated that the application of CuO NPs increased the contents of nutrition elements in shoots and roots as well as photosynthetic pigments, consequently improving the growth of rice seedlings under Cd stress, especially at low level of Cd stress. Meanwhile, CuO NPs obviously decreased the Cd accumulation in the rice seedlings and immobilized Cd in less toxic chemical forms and subcellular compartments. Moreover, CuO NPs modulated the antioxidant system, ameliorating oxidative damage and membrane injury caused by Cd. Multivariate analysis established correlations between physio-biochemical parameters and further revealed the mitigation of Cd damage to rice seedlings by CuO NPs was associated with inhibition Cd accumulation, altering Cd chemical form and subcellular distribution, increasing the contents of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing oxidative damage. Overall, the present study indicated that CuO NPs could effectively reduce the Cd toxicity to rice seedlings, demonstrating their potential application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyu Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
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Dong X, Li W, Li C, Akan OD, Liao C, Cao J, Zhang L. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the mechanism of catechin biosynthesis in response to lead stress in tung tree (Vernicia fordii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172796. [PMID: 38692325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) affects gene transcription, metabolite biosynthesis and growth in plants. The tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is highly adaptive to adversity, whereas the mechanisms underlying its response to Pb remain uncertain. In this work, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were employed to study tung trees under Pb stress. The results showed that the biomass of tung seedlings decreased with increasing Pb doses, and excessive Pb doses resulted in leaf wilting, root rot, and disruption of Pb homeostasis. Under non-excessive Pb stress, a significant change in the expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthesis genes was observed in the roots of tung seedlings, leading to changes in the accumulation of flavonoids in the roots, especially the upregulation of catechins, which can chelate Pb and reduce its toxicity in plants. In addition, Pb-stressed roots showed a large accumulation of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 transcripts, which were shown to be involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by gene module analysis. Overexpression of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 significantly increased catechin concentrations in tung roots, respectively. These data indicate that Pb stress-induced changes in the expression patterns of those genes regulate the accumulation of catechins. Our findings will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of Pb response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Akwa-Ibom State, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Chancan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Singh P, Kumar V, Verma S, Khyalia P, Sharma A. Emerging role of osmoprotectant glycine betaine to mitigate heavy metals toxicity in plants: a systematic review. Biol Futur 2024; 75:159-176. [PMID: 38183566 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has become one of the major global issues and poses a serious threat to the environment in recent years. HM pollution in agricultural soil is caused by metal mining, smelting, volcanic activity, industrial discharges, and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers. HMs above a threshold level adversely affect the cellular metabolism of plants by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack cellular proteins. There are different mechanisms (physiological and morphological) adopted by plants to survive in the era of abiotic stress. Various osmoprotectants or compatible solutes, including amino acids, sugar, and betaines, enable the plants to counteract the HM stress. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective osmolyte against HM stress among compatible solutes. GB has been shown to improve plant growth, photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients, and minimize oxidative stress in plants under HM stress. Additionally, GB increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and POD (peroxidase), which are effective in scavenging unwarranted ROS. Since not all species of plants can naturally produce or accumulate GB in response to stress, various approaches have been explored for introducing them. Plant hormones like salicylic acid, ABA (abscisic acid), and JA (jasmonic acid) co-ordinately stimulate the accumulation of GB inside the cell under HM stress. Apart from the exogenous application, the introduction of GB pathway genes in GB deficient species via genetic engineering also seems to be efficient in mediating HM stress. This review complied the beneficial effects of GB in mitigating HM stress and its role as a plant growth regulator. Additionally, the review explores the potential for engineering GB biosynthesis in plants as a strategy to bolster their resilience to HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Dong X, Ma X, Zhao Z, Ma M. Exogenous betaine enhances salt tolerance of Glycyrrhiza uralensis through multiple pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38431542 PMCID: PMC10908008 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a valuable medicinal plant, shows contrasting salt tolerance between seedlings and perennial individuals, and salt tolerance at seedling stage is very weak. Understanding this difference is crucial for optimizing cultivation practices and maximizing the plant's economic potential. Salt stress resistance at the seedling stage is the key to the cultivation of the plant using salinized land. This study investigated the physiological mechanism of the application of glycine betaine (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 mM) to seedling stages of G. uralensis under salt stress (160 mM NaCl). RESULTS G. uralensis seedlings' growth was severely inhibited under NaCl stress conditions, but the addition of GB effectively mitigated its effects, with 20 mM GB had showing most significant alleviating effect. The application of 20 mM GB under NaCl stress conditions significantly increased total root length (80.38%), total root surface area (93.28%), and total root volume (175.61%), and significantly increased the GB content in its roots, stems, and leaves by 36.88%, 107.05%, and 21.63%, respectively. The activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) was increased by 74.10%, 249.38%, and 150.60%, respectively. The 20 mM GB-addition treatment significantly increased content of osmoregulatory substances (the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline increased by 7.05%, 70.52% and 661.06% in roots, and also increased by 30.74%, 47.11% and 26.88% in leaves, respectively.). Furthermore, it markedly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POD, APX and activities and ASA contents were elevated by 59.55%, 413.07%, 225.91%, 300.00% and 73.33% in the root, and increased by 877.51%, 359.89%, 199.15%, 144.35%, and 108.11% in leaves, respectively.), and obviously promoted salt secretion capacity of the leaves, which especially promoted the secretion of Na+ (1.37 times). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the exogenous addition of GB significantly enhances the salt tolerance of G. uralensis seedlings, promoting osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant enzyme activities, excess salt discharge especially the significant promotion of the secretion of Na+Future studies should aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that operate when GB regulates saline stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Miao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Kumar V, Singh P, Khyalia P, Saini S, Sharma P, Kumar A, Sharma A. Stress-mitigating behavior of glycine betaine to enhance growth performance by suppressing the oxidative stress in Pb-stressed barley genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7498-7513. [PMID: 38158536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of lead (Pb) in agricultural soil is constantly increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. Pb is one of the most phytotoxic metals in soil that accumulates in plant tissue, resulting in yield loss. It is currently becoming more popular to supplement glycine betaine (GB) for Pb-induced stress tolerance in crop plants. Currently, no report describes the use of GB as a stress mitigator for growth attributes and stress-specific biomarkers in barley plants under Pb stress conditions. Hence, the present research was designed to examine the stress-mitigating behavior of GB on various growth attributes including germination percentage, seed vigor index (SVI), radicle length, plant biomass (fresh and dry), shoot and root length, physiological attributes such as relative water content (RWC), and stress-specific biomarkers like electrolyte leakage (EL), and H2O2 content of two barley varieties viz. BH959 and BH946 at three Pb stress treatments (15 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM), with and without GB (2 mM) supplementation in natural conditions. The present investigation showed that at the highest Pb stress (35 mM), the germination rate was reduced to zero, and the growth attributes and RWC of both barley varieties were also reduced as compared to the non-stressed plants (control) with an increase in Pb treatment. However, EL up to 70% and H2O2 content up to 30% increased with an increase in Pb stress concentration indicated by ROS accumulation, resulting in more oxidative stress. Additionally, GB application alleviated the toxic effect of Pb stress by improving the rate of germination by 33.3% and growth performance by reducing the ROS accumulation in terms of reducing stress biomarkers H2O2 by 25%, and EL by 12%. It has been revealed that the application of GB can minimize or reduce the toxic effects caused by Pb toxicity in both varieties, positively modulating plant growth performances and lowering oxidative stress. This research may provide a scientific basis for assessing Pb tolerance in barley plants and developing alternative approaches to protecting them from the severe effects of Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Saini
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Dong X, Liu Y, Ma X, Wang S, Yang H, Gao X, Wang G, Wang H. Disclosing the effect of exogenous betaine on growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall in the Liaohe coastal wetland, North China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115852. [PMID: 38043203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Liaohe coastal wetland has experienced severe degradation of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall (S. salsa) in recent years. However, the impact of exogenous betaine (GB) on S. salsa growth remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a natural simulated cultivation in soils of coastal wetland to investigate the effects of GB on S. salsa growth. The results showed that GB increased the height and weight of S. salsa, and meanwhile stimulated the synthesis of endogenous betaine and amino acids, increased soluble sugars and elevated the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase (enhancing osmotic stability). In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 decreased correspondingly, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity. Overall, GB application significantly alleviated salt stress and effectively promoted S. salsa growth. This study first indicated the important role of GB in influencing S. salsa growth, offering potential strategies for remediation in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Huanyu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinjie Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Gong X, Tao T, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Recovery and utilization of waste filtrate from industrial biological fermentation: Development and metabolite profile of the Bacillus cereus liquid bio-fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118945. [PMID: 37717394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Most fermentation waste filtrates can be used as raw materials for producing bio-fertilizers to reduce wastewater emissions and environmental pollution, but their bio-fertilizer utilization depends on the nutrients contained and their metabolized by functional microorganism. To achieve bio-fertilizer utilization of Acremonium terricola fermented waste filtrate, this study systematically explored the functional microbial species for making good use of waste liquid, optimized material process parameters for bio-fertilizer production based on D-optimal mixture design method, and analyzed the composition of the waste filtrate and its metabolism by functional microorganisms using a non-targeted LC-MS metagenomics technique. The results showed that Bacillus cereus was the functional microbial candidate for producing bio-fertilizer because of its more efficiently utilize the waste filtrate than other Bacillus sp. The optimal material process parameters of the liquid bio-fertilizer were the inoculum dose of 5% (v:v, %), 80% of waste filtrate, 0.25% of N, 3.5% of P2O5, 3.25% of K2O of mass percentage. Under these conditions, the colony forming unit (CFU) of Bacillus cereus could reach (1.59 ± 0.01) × 108 CFU/mL, which met the bio-fertilizer standard requirements of the People's Republic of China (NY/T798). Furthermore, the potential functions of bio-fertilizer were studied based on comparison of raw materials and production components: on the one hand, waste filtrate contained abundant of nitrogen and carbon sources, and bioactive substances secreted by Acremonium terricola, such as β-alanyl-L-lysine, anserine, UMP, L-lactic acid and etc., which could meet the nutrient requirements of the growth of Bacillus cereus; On the other hand, some compounds of waste filtrate with the potential to benefit the plant growth and defense, such as betaine aldehyde, (2E,6E)-farnesol, homogentisic acid and etc., were significantly up regulated by Bacillus cereus utilization of the filtrate. To sum up, this work highlighted that the waste filtrate could be efficiently developed into liquid bio-fertilizer by Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiaofang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Mudanjiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Heilongjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Gu J, Hu C, Jia X, Ren Y, Su D, He J. Physiological and biochemical bases of spermidine-induced alleviation of cadmium and lead combined stress in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:104-114. [PMID: 36081232 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution is a major environmental issue affecting plant production. Spermidine (Spd) is involved in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role and associated mechanism of Spd under Cd + Pb combined stress are poorly understood. The potential protective role of Spd at different concentration on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings exposed to Cd + Pb treatment was investigated by a hydroponic experiment in this study. The results showed that exogenous Spd enhanced the tolerance of rice seedlings to Cd + Pb stress, resulted in an increase in plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of roots and shoots. Further, application of Spd decreased the contents of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, and the accumulation of Cd and Pb, and increased the contents of mineral nutrient, carotenoids, chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant enzymes activities in roots and shoots of rice seedlings under Cd + Pb stress. Particularly, 0.5 mmol L-1 Spd was the most effective to alleviate the adverse impacts on growth and physiological metabolism of rice seedlings under Cd + Pb stress. Principal component analysis and heat map clustering established correlations between physio-biochemical parameters and further revealed Spd alleviated Cd + Pb damage in rice seedling was associated with inhibition of accumulation and translocation of Cd and Pb, increasing the contents of photosynthetic pigments and mineral nutrient and stimulation of antioxidative response and osmotic adjustment. Overall, our findings provide an important prospect for use of Spd in modulating Cd + Pb tolerance in rice plants. Spd could help to alleviate Cd + Pb damage through inhibition of accumulation and translocation of Cd and Pb and stimulation of oxidant-defense system and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Gu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Jia
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China; Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, PR China.
| | - Dongming Su
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China; Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, PR China.
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9
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Transcriptome Analysis of Glutathione Response: RNA-Seq Provides Insights into Balance between Antioxidant Response and Glucosinolate Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071322. [PMID: 35883813 PMCID: PMC9312034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When being stressed, plants require a balance between the resistance pathway and metabolism. Glucosinolates (GS) are secondary metabolics that widely exist in Brassicaceae. Glutathione (GSH) not only participates in plant processing reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also directly participates in GS synthesis as a sulfur donor. Therefore, we used transcriptomic to identify antioxidant and GS metabolism responses in GSH-treated pakchoi. Our study elucidated that GSH can be used as priming to improve oxidative resistance and preferentially stimulate the expression of resistance genes such as CAT1. The reduction in transcription factor expression inhibits the key steps of the GS synthesis pathway. When ROS returned to normal level, the resistance gene decreased and returned to normal level, while GSH restored the gene expression of GS biosynthesis. This work puts forward the mechanism of GSH in regulating the antioxidant system and glucosinolate metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study on the relationship between environmental signals and plant metabolism and provides ideas for follow-up research.
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