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Liu X, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu J, Waigi MG. Conversion of estriol to estrone: A bacterial strategy for the catabolism of estriol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116564. [PMID: 38865939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural estrogens, including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), are potentially carcinogenic pollutants commonly found in water and soil environments. Bacterial metabolic pathway of E2 has been studied; however, the catabolic products of E3 have not been discovered thus far. In this study, Novosphingobium sp. ES2-1 was used as the target strain to investigate its catabolic pathway of E3. The metabolites of E3 were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) combined with stable 13C3-labeling. Strain ES2-1 could almost completely degrade 20 mg∙L-1 of E3 within 72 h under the optimal conditions of 30°C and pH 7.0. When inoculated with strain ES2-1, E3 was initially converted to E1 and then to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1), which was then cleaved to HIP (metabolite A6) via the 4, 5-seco pathway or cleaved to the B loop via the 9,10-seco pathway to produce metabolite with a long-chain ketone structure (metabolite B4). Although the ring-opening sequence of the above two metabolic pathways was different, the metabolism of E3 was achieved especially through continuous oxidation reactions. This study reveals that, E3 could be firstly converted to E1 and then to 4-OH-E1, and finally degraded into small molecule metabolites through two alternative pathways, thereby reducing E3 pollution in water and soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Science, Nanjing 210017, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Li Q, Zhao JH, Lai HJ, Liu B, Zhang M, Xiao NL, Wang HD, Jin T. Benzoyl isothiocyanate modified surface of silica gel as the extraction material for adsorbing steroid hormones in water. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1206-1214. [PMID: 36807579 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been listed as priority pollutants in the environment, and their detection and pollution control deserve our extensive attention. In this study, a modified silica gel adsorbent material was synthesized by benzoyl isothiocyanate reaction with hydroxyl groups on the silica gel surface. The modified silica gel was used as a solid phase extraction filler for the extraction of steroid hormones from water, which was further analyzed by the HPLC-MS/MS method. The FT-IR, TGA, XPS, and SEM analysis indicated that benzoyl isothiocyanate was successfully grafted on the surface of silica gel to form a bond with an isothioamide group and benzene ring as the tail chain. The modified silica gel synthesized at 40 °C showed excellent adsorption and recovery rates for three steroid hormones in water. Methanol at pH 9.0 was selected as the optimal eluent. The adsorption capacity of the modified silica gel for epiandrosterone, progesterone, and megestrol acetate was 6822 ng mg-1, 13 899 ng mg-1, and 14 301 ng mg-1, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 3 steroid hormones by modified silica gel extraction with HPLC-MS/MS detection were 0.02-0.88 μg L-1 and 0.06-2.22 μg L-1, respectively. The recovery rate of epiandrosterone, progesterone, and megestrol was between 53.7% and 82.9%, respectively. The modified silica gel has been successfully used to analyze steroid hormones in wastewater and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hua-Jie Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning-Lan Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao-Dong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Hentati D, Abed RMM, Abotalib N, El Nayal AM, Ashraf I, Ismail W. Biotreatment of oily sludge by a bacterial consortium: Effect of bioprocess conditions on biodegradation efficiency and bacterial community structure. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998076. [PMID: 36212842 PMCID: PMC9532598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the biodegradation of oily sludge generated by a petroleum plant in Bahrain by a bacterial consortium (termed as AK6) under different bioprocess conditions. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge (C11-C29) increased from 24% after two days to 99% after 9 days of incubation in cultures containing 5% (w/v) of oily sludge at 40°C. When the nitrogen source was excluded from the batch cultures, hydrocarbon biodegradation dropped to 45% within 7 days. The hydrocarbon biodegradation decreased also by increasing the salinity to 3% and the temperature above 40°C. AK6 tolerated up to 50% (w/v) oily sludge and degraded 60% of the dichloromethane-extractable oil fraction. Illumina-MiSeq analyses revealed that the AK6 consortium was mainly composed of Gammaproteobacteria (ca. 98% of total sequences), with most sequences belonging to Klebsiella (77.6% of total sequences), Enterobacter (16.7%) and Salmonella (5%). Prominent shifts in the bacterial composition of the consortium were observed when the temperature and initial sludge concentration increased, and the nitrogen source was excluded, favoring sequences belonging to Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. The AK6 consortium is endowed with a strong oily sludge tolerance and biodegradation capability under different bioprocess conditions, where Pseudomonas spp. appear to be crucial for hydrocarbon biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Hentati
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Raeid M. M. Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nasser Abotalib
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ashraf M. El Nayal
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Wael Ismail
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Wael Ismail,
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