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Poddar K, Sarkar D, Bhoi R, Sarkar A. Biotransformation of diclofenac by isolated super-degrader Pseudomonas sp. DCα4: Postulated pathways, and attenuated ecotoxicological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123388. [PMID: 38242311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Significant concentrations of emerging xenobiotics, like diclofenac (DCF), possessing severe irreversible eco-toxicological threats, has been detected in aquatic systems worldwide, raising the concerns. This present investigation is intended to explore an efficient solution to support the existing wastewater treatment policies to handle DCF contamination by bacteria-mediated biotransformation. DCF-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater and selected based on their non-virulence nature and degradation ability. Among those, Pseudomonas sp. DCα4 was found to be the most dominant DCF degrader exhibiting 99.82% removal of DCF confirmed by HPLC after optimization of temperature at 30.02 °C, pH at 6.9, inoculum of 4.94%, and time 68.02 h. The degradation kinetics exhibited the process of DCF degradation followed a first-order kinetics with k of 0.108/h and specific degradation rate of 0.013/h. Moreover, the enzyme activity study indicated predominant hydrolase activity in the DCF treatment broth of DCα4, implying hydrolysis as the main force behind DCF biotransformation. HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 1,3-dichloro,2-amino, 5-hydroxybenzene, and benzylacetic acid as major intermediates of DCF biodegradation indicating non-specific hydrolysis of DCF. Whole genome analysis of most related strains which were confirmed by near full 16S rRNA gene sequence homology study, predicted involvement of different N-C bond hydrolase producing genes like puud, atzF, astB, nit1, and nylB. The ecotoxicological study using Aliivibrio fischeri exhibited 47.51% bioluminescence inhibition by DCF-containing broth which was comparable to the same caused by 1 mg/mL of K2Cr2O7 whereas remediated broth exhibited only 0.51% inhibition implying reduction of the ecotoxic load caused by DCF contamination. Cost analysis revealed that possible integration of the process with existing ones would increase per litre expense by $0.45. These results indicated that the described process of DCF biodegradation using the super-degrader DCα4 would be an advancement of existing pharmaceutical wastewater treatment processes for DCF bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Debapriya Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Renupama Bhoi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Pan X, Yu XZ, Qin P. Effects of two food colorants on catalase and trypsin: Binding evidences from experimental and computational analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122702. [PMID: 37054570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing concern has been paid to the toxicity of additives in food. The present study investigated the interaction of two commonly used food colorants, quinoline yellow (QY) and sunset yellow (SY), with catalase and trypsin under physiological conditions by fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ultraviolet-vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence techniques as well as molecular docking. Based on the fluorescence spectra and ITC data, both QY and SY could significantly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of catalase or trypsin spontaneously to form a moderate complex driven by different forces. Additionally, the thermodynamics results demonstrated QY bind more tightly to both catalase and trypsin than SY, suggesting QY poses more of a threat to two enzymes than SY. Furthermore, the binding of two colorants could not only lead to the conformational and microenvironmental alterations of both catalase and trypsin, but also inhibit the activity of two enzymes. This study provides an important reference for understanding the biological transportation of synthetic food colorants in vivo, and enhancing their risk assessment on food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Pan
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China.
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Eldin DN, Fahim HI, Ahmed HY, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MAS, Ahmed OM. Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7065845. [PMID: 36092164 PMCID: PMC9463012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (NAPAP), is a traditional antipyretic and analgesic that is used extensively around the world to treat colds and fevers. However, a NAPAP excess causes rapid, severe liver and kidney damage. The goal of the study was to examine the protective effects and determine the mechanisms of action of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin in NAPAP-induced hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a 0.5 g/kg oral supplement of NAPAP every other day for a period of four weeks. During the same period of NAPAP supplementation, MPHE (50 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered to rats receiving NAPAP. MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin treatments significantly improved liver function in NAPAP-supplemented rats. The high serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as total bilirubin were significantly reduced, while the levels of suppressed serum albumin were significantly increased, demonstrating this improvement. Treatments utilizing these natural substances significantly enhanced kidney function as seen by a considerable decline in the increased blood levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Additionally, the injection of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin resulted in a decrease in the quantity of lipid peroxides while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys. The treatments markedly abated the NAPAP-induced liver and kidney histological perturbations and reduced the NAPAP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and liver and kidney proapoptotic protein 53 and caspase 3 expressions. Otherwise, serum interleukin-4 level significantly increased by treatments. The MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin treatments resulted in marked decrease in liver and kidney histopathological scores including inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and congestion. In conclusion, the MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin may induce hepatonephropreventive impacts in NAPAP-supplemented rats via enhancing the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiapoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Nor Eldin
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I. Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Y. Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Department of Harmful Animals, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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