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Zhang Q, Yu G, Hong R, Qiu W, Deng C, Yu C. Electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction to improve the desalination of sea sand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174063. [PMID: 38885702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sea sand, a vital sand and gravel resource, is rich in chloride, which causes corrosion of steel reinforcements. This study investigates the effect of the electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) on the desalination of sea sand. The results indicate that the chlorine removal efficiency (RE) of sea sand increased from 48.76 to 56.40 % under optimal conditions: a current density of 15 mA/cm2, an electrolysis time of 1 min, and a sodium sulphate-supported electrolyte concentration of 0.05 mol/L. After 30 days of resting, the dissolved chlorine content in sea sand was 0.154 %, which was 21.03 % lower than that of the control group. The electrically active chlorine-mediated desalination process demonstrated excellent dechlorination ability, facilitated the transformation of metal and organic chlorine into liquid and gaseous forms, and reduced the slow release of chloride from sea sand. Therefore, CER is expected to be an efficient method for sea sand desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Rongcan Hong
- Xiamen Wanxiangtong Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- Xiamen Wanxiangtong Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Changtai Deng
- Xiamen Wanxiangtong Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Fujian Academy of Building Research Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Meng X, Zeng P, Lin S, Bao H, Wu M, Yang L, Jing G, Han H, Zhang C, Jiang X, Wang S, Ding W, Sun W. Removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen from high salinity tungsten smelting wastewater by one-step electrochemical oxidation: From bench-scale test, pilot-scale test, to industrial test. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117983. [PMID: 37116419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrochemical oxidation (EO) shows the characteristics of green and high efficiency in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from wastewater, which has been favored by researchers. However, at present, most of current studies on EO remain in laboratory stage, reports about pilot-scale or even industrial tests with large treatment capacity are few, which slowing down the use of the advanced technology to practical application. In this study, bench-scale tests, pilot-scale tests (treatment capacity 200-500 L/h), and industrial tests (treatment capacity 100 m3/h) were carried out by EO technology in view of the characteristics of tungsten smelting wastewater (TSW) with high salinity (NaCl), COD, and NH3-N. Results showed that the removal of COD and NH3-N was a competitive reaction in the EO process, and COD could be removed more preferentially than NH3-N. When NH3-N content was low, the influent pH had a minimal effect on its removal, and when NH3-N content was high, increasing the influent pH was beneficial to its removal. Industrial tests showed that the one-step removal of COD and NH3-N in TSW met the standard, and the power consumption per cubic meter of wastewater was only 4.2 kW h, and the treatment cost was much lower than the two-step process of "breaking point chlorination to remove NH3-N and adding oxidant to remove COD". This study has successfully realized industrial application of EO technology in TSW treatment for the first time and provided a successful case, which is helpful to accelerate the popularization and application of this technology in the field of high salinity organic ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Changsha Hasky Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Shangyong Lin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Huanjun Bao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Gaogui Jing
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Haisheng Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Changsha Hasky Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Jiangxi Xiushui Ganbei Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd, Xiushui, 332499, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Jiangxi Xiushui Ganbei Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd, Xiushui, 332499, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Chen Z, Xia P, Wang D, Niu X, Ao L, He Q, Wang S, Ye Z, Sirés I. New insights into the mechanism of Fered-Fenton treatment of industrial wastewater with high chloride content: Role of multiple reactive species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163596. [PMID: 37084916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (OH) is considered the dominant reactive species in the electro-Fenton (EF) and Fered-Fenton (EF-Fere) processes for wastewater treatment. However, in chloride-rich media, this is arguable due to the obscure mechanisms for the oxidant speciation and pollutant degradation. Herein, the role of active chlorine and Fe(IV)-oxo species (FeIVO2+) as primary oxidizing agents in HClO-mediated Fered-Fenton (EF-Fere-HClO) process is discussed, along with the dependence of their contribution on the pollutant structure. HClO generated from anodic oxidation of Cl- can be consumed by added H2O2 to form singlet oxygen (1O2), which is detrimental because this species is quickly deactivated by water. The reaction between HClO and Fe2+ was proved to generate FeIVO2+, rather than OH or Cl suggested in the literature. The yield of FeIVO2+ species was proportional to the Cl- concentration and barely affected by solution pH. The long-lived HClO and FeIVO2+ can selectively react with electron-rich compounds, which occurs simultaneously to the non-selective attack of OH formed from Fenton's reaction. The FeIVO2+ and OH concentration profiles were successfully modelled. Although the accumulation of toxic chlorinated by-products from HClO-mediated oxidation might cause new environmental concerns, the toxicity of pesticide wastewater with 508 mM Cl- was halved upon EF-Fere-HClO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Pan Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Southwest Ordnance Industry, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaodong Niu
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Southwest Ordnance Industry, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lixin Ao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Environmental Protection Research Institute, Southwest Ordnance Industry, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Southwest Ordnance Industry, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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