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Jawad AH, Hapiz A, Wu R, Abdulhameed AS, ALOthman ZA. Blended Nephelium lappaceum and Durio zibethinus wastes for activated carbon production via microwave-ZnCl 2 activation: optimization for methylene blue dye removal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1655-1666. [PMID: 38711172 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2344178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, this work targets to employ the blended fruit wastes including rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peel and durian (Durio zibethinus) seed as a promising precursor to produce activated carbon (RPDSAC). The generation of RPDSAC was accomplished through a rapid and practical procedure (microwave-ZnCl2 activation). To evaluate the adsorptive capabilities of RPDSAC, its efficacy in eliminating methylene blue (MB), a simulated cationic dye, was measured. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the crucial adsorption parameters, namely A: RPDSAC dose (0.02-01 g/100 mL), B: pH (4-10), and C: time (2-6 min). The BBD design determined that the highest level of MB removal (79.4%) was achieved with the condition dosage of RPDSAC at 0.1 g/100 mL, contact time (6 min), and pH (10). The adsorption isotherm data is consistent with the Freundlich concept, and the pseudo-second-order versions adequately describe the kinetic data. The monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of RPDSAC reached 120.4 mg/g at 25 °C. Various adsorption mechanisms are involved in the adsorption of MB dye onto the surface of RPDSAC, including π-π stacking, H-bonding, pore filling, and electrostatic forces. This study exhibits the potential of the RPDSAC as an adsorbent for removal of toxic cationic dye (MB) from contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Ahmad Hapiz
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui, China
| | - Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
- College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mangotra A, Singh SK. Volatile organic compounds: A threat to the environment and health hazards to living organisms - A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:51-69. [PMID: 38242502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the organic compounds having a minimum vapor pressure of 0.13 kPa at standard temperature and pressure (293 K, 101 kPa). Being used as a solvent for organic and inorganic compounds, they have a wide range of applications. Most of the VOCs are non-biodegradable and very easily become component of the environment and deplete its purity. It also deteriorates the water quality index of the water bodies, impairs the physiology of living beings, enters the food chain by bio-magnification and degrades, decomposes and manipulates the physiology of living organisms. To unveil the adverse impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their rapid eruption and interference in the living world, a review has been designed. This review presents an insight into the currently available VOCs, their sources, applications, sampling methods, analytic procedures, imposition on the health of aquatic and terrestrial communities and their contamination of the environment. Elaboration has been done on representation of toxicological effects of VOCs on vertebrates, invertebrates, and birds. Subsequently, the role of environmental agencies in the protection of environment has also been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mangotra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Singh
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
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Huo D, Zhang X, Wei J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Zhu H, Zhang F, Fang G, Wu T. Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibril/chitosan aerogels with high-adsorbability and sensitive indication for indoor free formaldehyde. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128891. [PMID: 38143065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially formaldehyde (FA), released from decoration materials pose a great threat to human health. In this study, formaldehyde adsorption performance of the specially formulated nanocellulose/chitosan aerogel (CNFCA) was investigated in simulated atmosphere. The physicochemical property of the composite aerogel was characterized, which had a large specific surface area (153.67 m2/g), a rough surface and an ultra-thin and porous structure. The composite aerogel showed excellent adsorption capacity for the formaldehyde, its theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was as high as 83.89 mg/g, and the adsorption process was more in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The chromogenic reaction between the 4-amino-3-benzo-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolium (AHMT) and CNFCA was found that the color of the composite aerogel was depended on the free formaldehyde concentration. Based on this phenomenon, a colorimetric card was proposed and built to detection the formaldehyde in the atmosphere. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism research was found that the CNFCA with a multilayer structure belonged to physicochemical complex adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd., Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. LTD, Dongying 275335, China; Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiulin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd., Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. LTD, Dongying 275335, China
| | - Guigan Fang
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China
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Sun S, Vikrant K, Verma S, Boukhvalov DW, Kim KH. Diaminopropane-appended activated carbons for the adsorptive removal of gaseous formaldehyde using a portable indoor air purification unit. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:992-1005. [PMID: 37778154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
It is of significant practical interest to develop high-performance air purifier (AP) for removing carcinogenic volatile organic compounds present ubiquitously in indoor air (e.g., formaldehyde (FA)). In this regard, a portable AP system was designed by loading honeycomb ceramic filters with diaminopropane (DAP)-appended activated carbon (AC). The maximum removal efficiencies (REs) of AP loaded with 10, 20, 30, and 50 %-DAP/AC were 26.2, 28, 88.3, and 89.4 %, respectively, against 5 ppm FA (at 160 L min-1). Hence, the 30 % DAP unit was used mainly in this work. The removal efficiency of 30 %-DAP/AC (160 L min-1), when tested against 2 ppm FA, decreased from 90.3 to 73.2 % with an increase in relative humidity from 0 to 60 %. The performance of the AP unit, when assessed kinetically in terms of the clean air delivery rate (CADR), reached as high as 10.2 L min-1 at the flow rate of 160 L min-1. Isotherm analysis further demonstrated the complex multilayered adsorption behavior of FA. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the superiority of DAP/AC for FA adsorption can be attributed to the synergy of covalent (chemisorption) and non-covalent (pore filling and film diffusion) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Feng C, Zhuo Y, Hu P. Research on nonsteady-state adsorption and regulation towards stabler adsorption for benzene over single-wall carbon materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110431-110460. [PMID: 37789221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
With the intention of separating benzene (C6H6) from indoor polluted air and collecting it in a cleaner way, it is promising of getting C6H6 adsorbed on activated carbon materials with outstanding physicochemical properties. In this study, how C6H6 is adsorbed over single-wall carbon materials and relevant adsorption processes are enhanced is thoroughly investigated via density functional theory (DFT). Especially, distinction between partial and whole effects of adsorbents on C6H6 adsorption, features of electron distribution across section of adsorption forms, and regulation mechanism of nonsteady-state adsorption for C6H6 are key points. According to calculation results, C6H6 molecules could be captured by pure single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) through repulsive forces (quantified as 103.42 kJ/mol) from all quarters, which makes it stay in nonsteady-state adsorption forms and easily run into free state. Therefore, when external temperature increases from 0 to 300 K, molecular movement will be intense enough to help C6H6 break into another random positions instead of statistically remaining immobile. As for this problem, single-wall CNTs are modified through making defects and replacing some C atoms with N atoms, respectively. In this way, surficial electron distribution of modified adsorbents is regulated to tremendously cut down repulsive forces (quantified as 50.30 kJ/mol) and reverse nonsteady-state adsorption into near-equilibrium quasi-steady-state adsorption (single-side attraction near 100 kJ/mol). Therefore, this research would provide useful information for exploiting single-wall carbon materials as effective adsorbents of C6H6 in order to quickly achieve indoor air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqun Zhuo
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Hu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Wang T, Hao R, Wang Y. Synthesis and applications of biomass-derived porous carbon materials in energy utilization and environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139635. [PMID: 37495055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable biomass and its waste are considered among the most promising applications materials owing to the depletion of fossil fuel and concerns about environmental pollution. Notably, advanced porous carbon materials derived from carbon-rich biomass precursors exhibit controllable pore structures, large surface areas, natural microstructures, and abundant functional groups. In addition, these three-dimensional structures provide sufficient reaction sites and fascinating physicochemical properties that are conducive to heteroatom doping and functional modification. This review systematically summarizes the design methods and related mechanisms of biomass-derived porous carbon materials (BDPCMs), discusses how the synthesis conditions influence the structure and performance of the carbon material, and emphasizes the importance of its use in energy utilization and environmental remediation applications. Current BDPCMs challenges and future development strategies are finally discussed to provide systematic information for further synthesis and performance optimization, which are expected to lead to novel ideas for the future development of bio-based carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruidi Hao
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
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7
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Isinkaralar K, Meruyert K. Adsorption Behavior of Multi-Component BTEX on the Synthesized Green Adsorbents Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Waste Residue. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4864-4880. [PMID: 37093534 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) removal is one of the most common difficulties in air pollution control. They are emitted from several processes, prejudicial to the environment and humans. BTEX leads to various environmental risks, and there is a significant need for a creating process for the complete removal of BTEX from air streams. This study's objective is the multi-component adsorption of BTEX pollutants from an air stream, by synthesizing activated carbons (ACs) under several operations. A lignocellulosic waste biomass, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (AE), was utilized as the precursor for synthesizing activated carbons (AE-ACs), and their surface chemical characteristics were investigated. Optimization processes were examined, and the change in the surface area of AE-ACs was investigated as change of some variables results like activation agent, impregnation ratio, temperature, and activation time. The maximum surface area of 968 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.51 cm3/g were attained at 1:2 impregnation ratio, activation time of 110 min, and activation temperature of 800 °C, under N2 atmosphere. A mixture of BTEX pollutants was employed to consider the effect of humidity (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%) and initial concentrations (from 5 to 300 mg/m3), using a contact time of 120 min at the temperature of 25 °C. Under the studied conditions, the multi-component and single-component BTEX adsorption capacities by HCl-activated carbon, AE-ACH, were specifically achieved to 6.86-51.36 mg/g and 22-93.62 mg/g, respectively. Overall, Abelmoschus esculentus L. was exploited for the synthesis of AE-ACH which was successfully utilized for efficient BTEX capture from a polluted air stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
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Mudruk N, Maslova M. The Effect of Sorbent Composition on Sorption Properties of Materials Based on Ti-Ca-Mg Phosphates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097903. [PMID: 37175613 PMCID: PMC10178156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual titanium and calcium-magnesium phosphates are widely known as effective sorbents. The sorption processes on these phosphates are based on different mechanisms. The sorption efficiency towards different cations depends on the phase composition of the sorbent. Composite materials with various ratio Ti:(Ca+Mg) have been synthesized. The sorption properties of samples obtained towards Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ have been studied to establish the effect of sorbent composition on metal removal. The adsorption isotherms have been analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson models. The composition of sorbents has no effect on the level of removal of readily hydrolyzable Pb2+ and Cu2+ cations. Removal of lead occurs preferentially via the precipitation of metal phosphates and hydroxides. Copper precipitates as hydroxide in case of a high share of Ca-Mg phosphates in the composite sorbent. The removal of cesium proceeds according to the ion exchange mechanism only. For Cd2+, Co2+, Sr2+, and Zn2+ cations, the sorption efficiency on the composite materials synthesized is found to increase with the increase in titanium phosphate's share in the sample. All composite sorbents synthesized demonstrated a considerable increase in the level of purification of solutions studied compared with individual Ti and Ca-Mg phosphates due to the synergism of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mudruk
- Tananaev Institute of Chemistry-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (ICT KSC RAS), 184209 Apatity, Russia
| | - Marina Maslova
- Tananaev Institute of Chemistry-Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre "Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (ICT KSC RAS), 184209 Apatity, Russia
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Xie X, Chen H, Liu X, Xiang K, Liu H. Achieving Large-Capability Adsorption of Hg 0 in Wet Scrubbing by Defect-Rich Colloidal Copper Sulfides under High-SO 2 Atmosphere. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3157. [PMID: 37109995 PMCID: PMC10144309 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel method to remove Hg0 in the wet scrubbing process using defect-rich colloidal copper sulfides for reducing mercury emissions from non-ferrous smelting flue gas. Unexpectedly, it migrated the negative effect of SO2 on mercury removal performance, while also enhancing Hg0 adsorption. Colloidal copper sulfides demonstrated the superior Hg0 adsorption rate of 306.9 μg·g-1·min-1 under 6% SO2 + 6% O2 atmosphere with a removal efficiency of 99.1%, and the highest-ever Hg0 adsorption capacity of 736.5 mg·g-1, which was 277% higher than all other reported metal sulfides. The Cu and S sites transformation results reveal that SO2 could transform the tri-coordinate S sites into S22- on copper sulfides surfaces, while O2 regenerated Cu2+ via the oxidation of Cu+. The S22- and Cu2+ sites enhanced Hg0 oxidation, and the Hg2+ could strongly bind with tri-coordinate S sites. This study provides an effective strategy to achieve large-capability adsorption of Hg0 from non-ferrous smelting flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xie
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-Ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-Ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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Isinkaralar K. A Study on the Gaseous Benzene Removal Based on Adsorption onto the Cost-Effective and Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083453. [PMID: 37110686 PMCID: PMC10146032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Removal of benzene is essential for human and environmental health because it has toxic and hazardous properties at various concentrations. Theseneed to be effectively eliminated with carbon-based adsorbents. PASACs, carbon-based adsorbents obtained from using the needles of Pseudotsuga menziesii, were produced by optimized HCl- and H2SO4-impregnated approaches. Regarding physicochemical structure, the optimized PASAC23 and PASAC35 with surface areas of 657 and 581 m2/g and total pore volumes of 0.36 and 0.32 cm3/g showed ideal temperatures of 800 °C. In order to investigate and compare internal benzene removal efficiency, PASAC23 and PASAC35 were studied separately. Initial concentrations were found to range from 5 to 500 mg/m3, and between 25 and 45 °C. The removal rate of benzene by PASAC23 and PASAC35 was 97 and 94% at low concentrations, respectively. While the highest capture amount for PASAC23 and PASAC35 was found to be at 25 °C with 141 and 116 mg/g, the adsorption capacity decreased to 102 and 90 mg/g at 45 °C. The holding capacity decreased between 22.41 and 27.66% due to increasing temperatures. After five cycles of PASAC23 and PASAC35 regeneration, we found that they could remove 62.37 and 58.46% of benzene, respectively. These results confirmed that PASAC23 is a promising environmentally adsorbent for effectively removing benzene with a competitive yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Türkiye
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11
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Li X, Hu Y, Li D, Su Y. Transport and removal mechanism of benzene by Tradescantia zebrina Bosse and Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S. Bunting in air-plant-solution system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58282-58294. [PMID: 36977874 PMCID: PMC10047475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is considered an effective method for indoor air pollution control. The removal rate and mechanism of benzene in air by two plants, Tradescantia zebrina Bosse and Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G. S. Bunting, were investigated through fumigation experiments under the condition of plant hydroponics culturing. Results showed that the plant removal rates increased with increase in benzene concentration in air. When the benzene concentration in air was set at 432.25-1314.75 mg·m-3, the removal rates of T. zebrina and E. aureum ranged from 23.05 ± 3.07 to 57.42 ± 8.28 mg·kg-1·h-1 FW and from 18.82 ± 3.73 to 101.58 ± 21.20 mg·kg-1·h-1 FW, respectively. The removal capacity was positively related to the transpiration rate of plants, indicating that gas exchange rate could be a key factor for the evaluation of removal capacity. There existed fast reversible transport of benzene on air-shoot interface and root-solution interface. After shoot exposure to benzene for 1 h, downward transport was the dominant mechanism in the removal of benzene in air by T. zebrina, while in vivo fixation was the dominant mechanism at exposure time of 3 and 8 h. Within 1-8 h of shoot exposure time, in vivo fixation capacity was always the key factor affecting the removal rate of benzene in the air by E. aureum. Contribution ratio of in vivo fixation in the total benzene removal rate increased from 6.29 to 92.29% for T. zebrina and from 73.22 to 98.42% for E. aureum in the experimental conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst induced by benzene exposure was responsible for the contribution ratio change of different mechanisms in the total removal rate, which also was verified by the change of activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and SOD). Transpiration rate and antioxidant enzyme activity could be considered parameters to evaluate the plant removal ability to benzene and to screen plants for establishment of plant-microbe combination technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Depeng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Adsorption Capacity and Desorption Efficiency of Activated Carbon for Odors from Medical Waste. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020785. [PMID: 36677843 PMCID: PMC9866597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Five types of odor-emitting exhaust gases from medical waste were selected, and their adsorption capacity and desorption efficiency were investigated using activated carbon. The selected gases included polar gases (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3)) and non-polar gases (acetaldehyde (AA), methyl mercaptan (MM), and trimethylamine (TMA))). Commercial activated carbon with a specific surface area of 2276 m2/g was used as the adsorbent. For the removal of odor from medical waste, we investigated: (1) the effective adsorption capacity of a single gas (<1 ppm), (2) the effect of the adsorbed NH3 gas concentration and flow rate, and (3) the desorption rate using NH3 gas. The values of the effective adsorption capacity of the single gas were in the following order: H2S < NH3 < AA < MM < TMA, at 0.2, 4.2, 6.3, 6.6, and 35.7 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that polar gases have a lower effective adsorption capacity than that of non-polar gases, and that the size of the gas molecules and effective adsorption capacity exhibit a proportional relationship. The effective adsorption performance of NH3 gas showed an increasing trend with NH3 concentration. Therefore, securing optimal conditions for adsorption/desorption is imperative for the highly efficient removal of odor from medical waste.
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