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Tian Y, Han G, Zhang S, Ding Z, Qu R. The key role of major and trace elements in the formation of five common urinary stones. BMC Urol 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38816700 PMCID: PMC11138091 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithiasis has emerged as a global affliction, recognized as one of the most excruciating medical issues. The elemental composition of stones provides crucial information, aiding in understanding the causes, mechanisms, and individual variations in stone formation. By understanding the interactions between elements in various types of stones and exploring the key role of elements in stone formation, insights are provided for the prevention and treatment of urinary stone disease. METHODS This study collected urinary stone samples from 80 patients in Beijing. The chemical compositions of urinary stones were identified using an infrared spectrometer. The concentrations of major and trace elements in the urinary stones were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The data were processed using correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. RESULTS Urinary stones are categorized into five types: the calcium oxalate (CO) stone, carbonate apatite (CA) stone, uric acid (UA) stone, mixed CO and CA stone, and mixed CO and UA stone. Ca is the predominant element, with an average content ranging from 2.64 to 27.68% across the five stone groups. Based on geochemical analysis, the high-content elements follow this order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Sr. Correlation analysis and PCA suggested significant variations in the interactions between elements for different types of urinary stones. Trace elements with charges and ionic structures similar to Ca may substitute for Ca during the process of stone formation, such as Sr and Pb affecting the Ca in most stone types except mixed stone types. Moreover, the Mg, Zn and Ba can substitute for Ca in the mixed stone types, showing element behavior dependents on the stone types. CONCLUSION This study primarily reveals distinct elemental features associated with five types of urinary stones. Additionally, the analysis of these elements indicates that substitutions of trace elements with charges and ion structures similar to Ca (such as Sr and Pb) impact most stone types. This suggests a dependence of stone composition on elemental behavior. The findings of this study will enhance our ability to address the challenges posed by urinary stones to global health and improve the precision of interventions for individuals with different stone compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ziyang Ding
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Izzo F, Di Renzo V, Langella A, D'Antonio M, Tranfa P, Widory D, Salzano L, Germinario C, Grifa C, Varricchio E, Mercurio M. Investigating strontium isotope linkage between biominerals (uroliths), drinking water and environmental matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123316. [PMID: 38185358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the mineralogy and strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of 21 pathological biominerals (bladder and kidney stones) collected from patients admitted between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Urology of the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, southern Italy). Urinary stones belong to the calcium oxalate, purine or calcium phosphate mineralogy types. Their corresponding 87Sr/86Sr range from 0.707607 for an uricite sample to 0.709970 for a weddellite one, and seem to be partly discriminated based on the mineralogy. The comparison with the isotope characteristics of 38 representative Italian bottled and tap drinking waters show a general overlap in 87Sr/86Sr with the biominerals. However, on a smaller geographic area (Campania Region), we observe small 87Sr/86Sr differences between the biominerals and local waters. This may be explained by external Sr inputs for example from agriculture practices, inhaled aerosols (i.e., particulate matter), animal manure and sewage, non-regional foods. Nevertheless, biominerals of patients that stated to drink and eat local water/wines and foods every day exhibited a narrower 87Sr/86Sr range roughly matching the typical isotope ratios of local geological materials and waters, as well as those of archaeological biominerals from the same area. Finally, we conclude that the strontium isotope signature of urinary stones may reflect that of the environmental matrices surrounding patients, but future investigations are recommended to ultimately establish the potential for pathological biominerals as reliable biomonitoring proxies, taking into the account the contribution of the external sources of Sr.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Izzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - V Di Renzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - A Langella
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples, 80126, Italy.
| | - M D'Antonio
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - P Tranfa
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - D Widory
- Geotop/Université du Québec a Montréal (UQAM), 201 Ave Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - L Salzano
- UOC Urology, San Pio Hospital, Via dell'Angelo, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - C Germinario
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - C Grifa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - E Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - M Mercurio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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Ye Z, Chen Z, Luo J, Xu L, Fan D, Wang J. National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011–2020). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146263. [PMID: 37006548 PMCID: PMC10050557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone risk is inconsistent in previous studies, which needs further exploration. This study was performed to explore the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone.Materials and methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2020) were included and further analyzed. Urinary cadmium was stratified into quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1: 0.025–0.104 μg/L) and quartile 4 (Q4: 0.435–7.581 μg/L). Further weighted logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone. A subgroup analysis was used to verify the findings. The non-linear association was examined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.ResultsA total of 9,056 adults aged 20 years and above were included in this study. In the fully adjusted model, an increased risk of kidney stones was identified for quartile 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06–1.84, P < 0.05), quartile 3 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.88–1.59, P > 0.05), and quartile 4 (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.10–2.06, P < 0.05). A similar association was found between continuous cadmium increase and OR of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01–1.26, P < 0.05). The RCS also indicated a non-linear association between urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone risk (P for non-linear < 0.001).ConclusionIn summary, cadmium exposure is identified as a risk factor for kidney stones in this study. Their non-linear association makes demands on early intervention for the cadmium-exposed population. Medical interventions for kidney stone prevention should take cadmium exposure into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Ye
- Department of Urology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyang Ye
| | - Zaizhi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Xiamen Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyang Luo
- Department of Urology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- Department of Urology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongping Fan
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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