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Duan Y, Gao B, Liu J, Sillanpää M. The activation of peroxymonosulfate by biochar derived from anaerobic and aerobic iron-containing excess sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59027-59047. [PMID: 37000396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The excess sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants is rich in Fe (III) due to chemical dephosphorization. The activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by biochar derived from anaerobic and aerobic iron-containing excess sludge was studied systematically in this research. Fe (III)-containing excess sludge was cultured in an anaerobic environment for conversion of partial Fe (III) to Fe (II), which was further carbonized to prepare biochar labeled AnSx@Fe. Meanwhile, aerobic sludge with different Fe (III) content was directly carbonized to produce biochar labeled AeS@Fe. For biochar (AnS20@Fe-15%) prepared from 15% Fe(III)-containing anaerobic cultured 20 days sludge, the relative contents of Fe (III) and Fe (II) were 21.26% and 78.74%, which were 31.03% and 68.97% for biochar (AeS@Fe-10%) prepared from 10% Fe (III)-containing aerobic sludge. Fe (III) can be reduced to Fe (II) by both anaerobic culture and carbonization. Their removal rates of tetracycline (TC) through 60 min PMS activation were 97% and 98%, with TOC (Total organic carbon) removal of 61.8% and 53.4% respectively. The reactive species including sulfate radical [Formula: see text], hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were produced during PMS activation. After O2-aeration treatment of both AeS@Fe and AnSx@Fe, the relative content of Fe (II) was decreased and group C = O was disappeared, which resulted in reduction of [Formula: see text], ·OH and 1O2. The generation of [Formula: see text] and ·OH was dominated by the Fe (II) activation and the 1O2 generation was originated from graphite type N and C = O. Direct carbonization of aerobic and anaerobic sludge is a feasible method to produce biochar for PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Jiadong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
- Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. LTD, NO.588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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Qian Z, Qin H, Yan W, Zhou G, Liu C, Zhang Z, Yin J, Li Q, Wang T, Zhang L. Enhancing charge transfer efficiency of cerium-iron oxides via Co regulated oxygen vacancies to boost peroxymonosulfate activation for tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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