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Sahu PS, Verma RP, Tewari C, Sahoo NG, Saha B. Facile fabrication and application of highly efficient reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-wrapped 3D foam for the removal of organic and inorganic water pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93054-93069. [PMID: 37498430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The pace of water contamination is increasing daily due to expanding industrialisation. Finding a feasible solution for effectively remediating various organic and inorganic pollutants from large water bodies remains challenging. However, a nano-engineered advanced hybrid material could provide a practical solution for the efficient removal of such pollutants. This work has reported the development of a highly efficient and reusable absorbent comprising a porous polyurethane (PU) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets (rGOPU) for the removal of different organic oils (industrial oil, engine oil and mustard oil), dyes (MB, MO, RB, EY and MV) and heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II), Co(II) and As(V)). The structure, morphology and properties of the rGOPU hybrid absorbents were analysed by using Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunner-Emitte-Teller (BET) analysis. The rGOPU possessed both superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity with water and oil contact angles of about 164° and 0°, respectively. The prepared rGOPU has demonstrated an excellent oil-water separation ability (up to 99%), heavy metals removal efficiency (more than 75%), toxic dye adsorption (more than 55%), excellent recyclability (> 500 times for oils), extraordinary mechanical stability (90% compressible for > 1000 cycles) and high recoverability. This work presents the first demonstration of rGOPU's multifunctional absorbent capacity in large-scale wastewater treatment for effectively removing a wide variety of organic and inorganic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateekshya Suman Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India
| | - Chetna Tewari
- PRS-Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, -263001, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- PRS-Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, -263001, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India.
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IIT Gandhinagar), Palaj, Gujrat, 382355, India.
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Sahu PS, Verma RP, Dabhade AH, Tewari C, Sahoo NG, Saha B. A novel, efficient and economical alternative for the removal of toxic organic, inorganic and pathogenic water pollutants using GO-modified PU granular composite. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121201. [PMID: 36738883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent wastewater treatment utilising simple and cost-effective materials and methods is an important research topic. This study has reported the fabrication and utilisation of graphene oxide (GO) embedded granular Polyurethane (PU) (GOPU) adsorbent for the treatment of lead ion (Lead ion (Pb(II)), Methylene blue (MB), and E. coli. PU granules were wrapped with GO flakes to improve hydrophilicity, interaction with polluted water, cation-exchange reaction, and binding of pollutants on its surface. Synthesised GOPU granules were characterised by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to ensure the successful synthesis of GO and fabrication of GOPU granules. Further, batch and continuous adsorption processes were studied in different operating conditions to evaluate the performance of GOPU granules in practical applications. The kinetic and isotherm analyses revealed that the adsorption of Lead (Pb(II)) ion and Methylene Blue (MB) dye followed the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively, and they showed good agreement with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacities of GOPU granules for the elimination of Pb(II) and MB dye were about 842 mg/g and 899 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, investigations into the fixed bed column revealed that the adsorption column performed best at a flow rate of 5 mL/min and a bed height of 6 cm. Pb(II) adsorption had a bed uptake capacity (qbed) of 88 mg/g and percentage removal efficiency (%R) of 76%. Similarly, MB adsorption had a bed uptake capacity of 202 mg/g and a percentage removal efficiency of 71%. A systematic invention on antibacterial activity toward E. coli showed that The GOPU granules have a removal efficiency of about 100% at an exposure of 24 h. These findings indicated the possible use of GOPU granules as promising adsorbents for various water pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateekshya Suman Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India
| | - Ajinkya Hariram Dabhade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India
| | - Chetna Tewari
- PRS-Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- PRS-Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, (NIT Rourkela) Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha, 768009, India; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, (IIT Gandhinagar), Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Rout DR, Jena HM. Synthesis of graphene oxide-modified porous chitosan cross-linked polyaniline composite for static and dynamic removal of Cr(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22992-23011. [PMID: 36308658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel ternary composite was synthesized comprising graphene oxide-modified porous chitosan cross-linked polyaniline (GO@CS-PANI) by improved Hummers method, followed by cross-linking and grafting. The morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the composite were characterized by FESEM, BET, XRD, RAMAN, FTIR spectra, and zeta potential. It was found that the composite shows excellent Cr(VI) removal performance both in static and dynamic adsorption. The optimal adsorption parameters were solution at pH of 2.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L, time of 45 min, and temperature of 35 °C. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best-fitted model, indicating homogeneous adsorption with maximum uptake of 539.83 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order was the best-fitted kinetic model, and the rate was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic data demonstrated that the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible. From the dynamic study, it was witnessed that a lower flow rate and a higher bed height were suitable for maximum adsorption performance. The Thomas model was the best-fitted model for data obtained from the dynamic study. Competition from interfering ions showed that anions have little effect on Cr(VI) removal, whereas cations have no such effect. The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, ion exchange, and metal ion complexion. After five cycles of adsorption-desorption study, the composite still removed 76% Cr(VI). These findings of the present study and the reusable nature of GO@CS-PANI composite signify the innovative and excellent adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Ranjan Rout
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Orissa, India
| | - Hara Mohan Jena
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Orissa, India.
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