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Zou Y, Liu Y, Li W, Cao Q, Wang X, Hu Z, Cai Q, Lou L. Ethylene is the key phytohormone to enhance arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116644. [PMID: 38944009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The toxic metalloid arsenic is prevalent in the environment and poses a threat to nearly all organisms. However, the mechanism by which phytohormones modulate arsenic resistance is not well-understood. Therefore, we analyzed multiple phytohormones based on the results of transcriptome sequencing, content changes, and related mutant growth under arsenic stress. We found that ethylene was the key phytohormone in Arabidopsis thaliana response to arsenic. Further investigation showed the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1 generated less malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2•- under arsenic stress compared to wild-type, while the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein2-5 displayed opposite patterns. Compared to wild-type, eto1-1 accumulated a smaller amount of arsenic and a larger amount of non-protein thiols. Additionally, the immediate ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), enhanced resistance to arsenic in wide-type, but not in mutants with impaired detoxification capability (i.e., cad1-3, pad2-1, abcc1abcc2), which confirmed that ethylene regulated arsenic detoxification by enhancing arsenic chelation. ACC also upregulated the expression of gene(s) involved in arsenic detoxification, among which ABCC2 was directly transcriptionally activated by the ethylene master transcription factor ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3). Overall, our study shows that ethylene is the key phytohormone to enhance arsenic resistance by reducing arsenic accumulation and promoting arsenic detoxification at both physiological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qingsheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Laiqing Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Singh P, Jaiswal S, Tripathi DK, Singh VP. Nitric oxide acts upstream of indole-3-acetic acid in ameliorating arsenate stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108461. [PMID: 38461754 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
After their discovery, nitric oxide (NO) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) have been reported as game-changing cellular messengers for reducing abiotic stresses in plants. But, information regarding their shared signaling in regulating metal stress is still unclear. Herein, we have investigated about the joint role of NO and IAA in mitigation of arsenate [As(V)] toxicity in tomato seedlings. Arsenate being a toxic metalloid increases the NPQ level and cell death while decreasing the biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, endogenous NO content in tomato seedlings. However, application of IAA or SNP to the As(V) stressed seedlings improved growth together with less accumulation of arsenic and thus, preventing cell death. Interestingly, addition of c-PTIO, {2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a scavenger of NO} and 2, 3, 5-triidobenzoic acid (TIBA, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport) further increased cell death and inhibited activity of GST, leading to As(V) toxicity. However, addition of IAA to SNP and TIBA treated seedlings reversed the effect of TIBA resulting into decreased As(V) toxicity. These findings demonstrate that IAA plays a crucial and advantageous function in NO-mediated reduction of As(V) toxicity in seedlings of tomato. Overall, this study concluded that IAA might be acting as a downstream signal for NO-mediated reduction of As(V) toxicity in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Saumya Jaiswal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Nazir F, Jahan B, Iqbal N, Rajurkar AB, Siddiqui MH, Khan MIR. Methyl jasmonate influences ethylene formation, defense systems, nutrient homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism to alleviate arsenic-induced stress in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107990. [PMID: 37657298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant growth regulator, jasmonic acid (JA) has emerged as important molecule and involved in key processes of plants. In this study, we investigated the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in achieving tolerance mechanisms against arsenic (As) stress in rice (Oryza sativa). Arsenic toxicity is a major global concern that significantly deteriorate rice production. The application of MeJA (20 μM) and ethylene (150 μL L-1) both individually and/or in combination were found significant in protecting against As-induced toxicity in rice, and significantly improved defense systems. The study shown that the positive influence of MeJA in promoting carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis and growth under As stress were the result of its interplay with ethylene biosynthesis and reduced oxidative stress-mediated cellular injuries and cell deaths. Interestingly, the use of JA biosynthesis inhibitor, neomycin (Neo) and ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) overturned the effects of MeJA and ethylene on plant growth under As stress. From the pooled data, it may also be concluded that Neo treatment to MeJA- treated rice plants restricted JA-mediated responses, implying that application of MeJA modulated ethylene- dependent pathways in response to As stress. Thus, the action of MeJA in As tolerance is found to be mediated by ethylene. The study will shed light on the mechanisms that could be used to ensure the sustainability of rice plants under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Badar Jahan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | | | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zadokar A, Negi S, Kumar P, Bhargava B, Sharma R, Irfan M. Molecular insights into rare earth element (REE)-mediated phytotoxicity and its impact on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84829-84849. [PMID: 37138125 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) that include 15 lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium are a special class of elements due to their remarkable qualities such as magnetism, corrosion resistance, luminescence, and electroconductivity. Over the last few decades, the implication of REEs in agriculture has increased substantially, which was driven by rare earth element (REE)-based fertilizers to increase crop growth and yield. REEs regulate different physiological processes by modulating the cellular Ca2+ level, chlorophyll activities, and photosynthetic rate, promote the protective role of cell membranes, and increase the plant's ability to withstand various stresses and other environmental factors. However, the use of REEs in agriculture is not always beneficial because REEs regulate plant growth and development in dose-dependent manner and excessive usage of them negatively affects plants and agricultural yield. Moreover, increasing applications of REEs together with technological advancement is also a rising concern as they adversely impact all living organisms and disturb different ecosystems. Several animals, plants, microbes, and aquatic and terrestrial organisms are subject to acute and long-term ecotoxicological impacts of various REEs. This concise overview of REEs' phytotoxic effects and implications on human health offers a context for continuing to sew fabric scraps to this incomplete quilt's many layers and colors. This review deals with the applications of REEs in different fields, specifically agriculture, the molecular basis of REE-mediated phytotoxicity, and the consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Zadokar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivanti Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, -176061, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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