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Xu J, Li D, Hu X, Jiao Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Lin C, Ke S, Bai T, Wang N, Liu B, Shi X. Quantitative Assessment and Regulation of Passage and Entrance Attraction Efficiency of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Heishuihe River in Southwest China. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2365. [PMID: 39199897 PMCID: PMC11350751 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish passage facilities are essential for restoring river connectivity and protecting ecosystems, effectively balancing economic and ecological benefits. Systematic and comprehensive monitoring, assessment, and optimized management are therefore crucial. This study quantitatively evaluated the entire upstream migration process of fish from the downstream river to the entrance and exit of the fishway and investigated the upstream movement patterns of fish under various environmental factors. A total of 19 fish species were monitored in the Heishuihe River downstream of the dam, with 15 species reaching the fishway entrance and 12 species successfully passing through it. The entrance attraction and passage rates of the vertical-slot fishway at the Songxin hydropower station were 15.7% and 40.42%, respectively. The best upstream performance was observed in May, with fish demonstrating better upstream timing and speed during nighttime compared to daytime. Specifically, the highest entrance attraction efficiency was recorded at a flow rate of 6-7 m3/s and a temperature of 19-20 °C, while the optimal passage efficiency was observed at a flow rate of 0-0.5 m3/s and a temperature of 17-20 °C. Additionally, a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to identify key factors influencing the probability of fishway entrance attraction and successful passage. The model elucidated the impact patterns of these key factors on fish upstream migration, ultimately generating an alignment diagram for prediction and control. This study provides a theoretical foundation and data support for developing optimized operational schedules for fishways. The findings offer a more comprehensive and systematic approach for monitoring and evaluating fish passage facilities, serving as a scientific basis for ecological restoration and fish conservation in this region and similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou 510611, China; (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Dongqing Li
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Xiaozhang Hu
- Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou 510611, China; (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yilin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Jianping Wang
- Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou 510611, China; (X.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Senfan Ke
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Tianxiang Bai
- China Three Gorges Renewables (Group) Co., Ltd., Gansu Branch, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Nannan Wang
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Bingjun Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Xiaotao Shi
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (D.L.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (S.K.); (N.W.)
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Liu S, Cao C, Xi Y, Li P, Chen X, Xiao L, Yao W. Morphology and motor behavior of endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1350-1365. [PMID: 38332499 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dam construction alters the hydrodynamic conditions, consequently impacting the swimming behavior of fish. To explore the effect of flow hydrodynamics on fish swimming behavior, five endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River basin were selected. Through high-speed video visualization and computer analysis, these species' swimming patterns under different flow velocities (0.1-1.2 m/s) were investigated. The kinematic and morphological characteristics of the fish were presented. The principal component analysis was used to analyse the main factors influencing the swimming ability of fish and to determine the correlation coefficients among fish behavior indicators. Fish exhibited three different swimming patterns under different flow velocities. Low velocity (0.1-0.3 m/s) corresponds to free motion, middle velocity (0.4-0.7 m/s) corresponds to cruising motion, and high velocity corresponds to stress motion (0.8-1.2 m/s). The fish kinematic index curves were obtained, and four of five fish species showed two extreme points, which means the optimal and adverse swimming strategies can be determined. With the increase in flow velocity, the tail-beat frequency showed an increasing trend, whereas the tail-beat angle and amplitude showed a decreasing trend. Morphological and kinematic parameters were the two main indexes that affect the swimming ability of fish, which accounts for 41.9% and 26.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqian Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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