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Quan L, Chen K, Chen T, Li H, Li W, Cheng T, Xia F, Lou Z, Geng T, Sun D, Jiang W. Monitoring weed mechanical and chemical damage stress based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188981. [PMID: 37255557 PMCID: PMC10225704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, mechanical and chemical damage is the main way to carry out weed control. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) technology to nondestructively monitor the stress physiological state of weeds is significant to reveal the damage mechanism of mechanical and chemical stresses as well as complex stresses. Under simulated real field environmental conditions, different species and leaf age weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis 2-5 leaf age, and Erigeron canadensis 5-10 leaf age) were subjected to experimental treatments for 1-7 days, and fluorescence parameters were measured every 24 h using a chlorophyll fluorometer. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in CF parameters of different species of weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis) at their different stress sites under chemical, mechanical and their combined stresses. The results showed that when weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Erigeron canadensis) were chemically stressed in different parts, their leaf back parts were the most severely stressed after 7 days, with photosynthetic inhibition reaching R=75%. In contrast, mechanical stress differs from its changes, and after a period of its stress, each parameter recovers somewhat after 1 to 2 days of stress, with heavy mechanical stress R=11%. Complex stress had the most significant effect on CF parameters, mainly in the timing and efficiency of changes in Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm', ETR, Rfd, NPQ and Y(NO), with R reaching 71%-73% after only 3-4 days of complex stress, and its changes in complex stress were basically consistent with the pattern of changes in its chemical stress. The results of the study will help to understand the effects of mechanical and chemical stresses and combined stresses on CF parameters of weeds and serve as a guide for efficient weed control operations and conducting weed control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhe Quan
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keyong Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fulin Xia
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Lou
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Geng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lu T, Zhang T, Yang W, Yang B, Cao J, Yang Y, Li M. Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Induced by the Antibacterial Agent Triclosan in Freshwater Euglena gracilis Based on the Transcriptome. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050414. [PMID: 37235229 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a commonly used antibacterial preservative, has been demonstrated to have high toxicological potential and adversely affects the water bodies. Since algae are one of the most significant primary producers on the planet, understanding the toxicological processes of TCS is critical for determining its risk in aquatic ecosystems and managing the water environment. The physiological and transcriptome changes in Euglena gracilis were studied in this study after 7 days of TCS treatment. A distinct inhibition ratio for the photosynthetic pigment content in E. gracilis was observed from 2.64% to 37.42% at 0.3-1.2 mg/L, with TCS inhibiting photosynthesis and growth of the algae by up to 38.62%. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase significantly changed after exposure to TCS, compared to the control, indicating that the cellular antioxidant defense responses were induced. Based on transcriptomics, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in biological processes involved in metabolism pathways and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Integrating transcriptomics and biochemical indicators found that changed reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities stimulating algal cell damage and the inhibition of metabolic pathways controlled by the down-regulation of differentially expressed genes were the main toxic mechanisms of TCS exposure to E. gracilis. These findings establish the groundwork for future research into the molecular toxicity to microalgae induced by aquatic pollutants, as well as provide fundamental data and recommendations for TCS ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weishu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Wang Z, Yu L, Wang DG. Dissolved Organic Matter and Lignin Modulate Aquatic Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Response Activated by Layered Double Hydroxides Nanomaterials. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:413-425. [PMID: 36790502 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nanomaterials can be released into the environment and can coexist with natural organic matter (NOM). However, evidence on the impacts of NOM on the environmental behavior and toxicity of advanced nanomaterials is still scarce. Here, we investigated the behavior and toxic effects of two layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanomaterials with different metallic constituents (Mg-Al-LDH and Zn-Al-LDH) at relatively low exposure concentrations on a freshwater green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in the absence and presence of two types of NOM, namely dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dealkaline lignin (DL). The DOM or DL interaction with the LDHs at different mixture levels was shown to be an antagonistic effect on the growth inhibition toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa mainly. The estimation of the index of Integrated Biological Responses version 2 indicated that the joint interaction of the LDHs with DOM or DL occurred in the following order of frequency synergism > antagonism > additivity. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics of LDHs were crucial for illuminating the mechanism by which the DOM or DL modified the LDH-induced oxidative stress response. These findings highlighted the important role of NOM in the behavior and effect of LDHs as a representative of a new class of multifunctional nanomaterials in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
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