Research on influencing factors of carbon information disclosure quality in China's power industry

Dataset of exceptional women directors and carbon information disclosures of global energy companies

Dataset in this article contains solid information on the novel dataset of exceptional women directors (EWDs) and carbon information disclosures (CID) of global energy leading companies. The data presented is related to the research article entitled "The Effect of Women's Leadership on Carbon Disclosure by the Top 100 Global Energy Leaders" [1]. In exploring the degree of EWDs' and the level of CID, the content analysis technique based on the enhanced scoring indicators were deployed to obtain the data of the 97 companies based on accessible materials from companies' websites or any associated reports such as sustainability, environmental, annual, or integrated reports within three-year periods (2018 - 2020) for the global energy leading companies which listed in Thomson Reuters Database 2017. Data on EWDs' engagement and CID are extracted from the available information, reports, and materials. The data are collected based on the enhanced version of the EWD's indicators adapted from Ramon Llorens, García-Meca and Pucheta-Martínez [2], Hillman, Cannella and Paetzold [3], and Jaaffar and Amran [4]. Meanwhile, data collected for CID by using Carbon Disclosures Index (CDI) comprising 90 scores within nine aspects; Strategy and Policy; Climate Change Risks and Opportunities; Corporate GHG Emissions Targets; Company Wide Carbon Footprint; GHG Emissions Change Over Time; Energy-Related Reporting; Emission Reduction Initiatives Implementation; Carbon Emission Accountability; and Quality of Disclosure as suggested by the prior scholars [5], [6], [7]. This dataset shed light as an indicator to measure exceptional women director in the energy companies in promoting transparent carbon disclosure performance as well as boosting women leadership involvement and participation in the most polluting sector which aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; SDG 5 gender equality, SDG 10 reduced inequality, and SDG 13 climate action.

The impact of carbon information disclosure quality on the financial performance based on UNC combination weight and FA: evidence from public companies in China's electric power industry

As a significant carbon emitter, China has set a target in 2020 of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality." This target presents stricter criteria for the company's carbon information disclosure quality (CIDQ). Meantime, financial performance (FP) is a primary consideration for companies and their stakeholders. Therefore, this paper selected public companies in the electric power industry (EPI), which are the first to be integrated into the carbon emissions trading market, to research the impact of CIDQ on FP. Theoretically, this paper enhances the conclusions regarding the impact of CIDQ on FP, which might serve as a reference for future research, and practically, this paper can reduce management resistance to carbon information disclosure in pursuing profit, facilitate the co-improvement of CIDQ and FP, contribute in achieving China's target of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality." First, this paper constructed a CIDQ evaluation index system by analyzing the characteristics of diverse sub-sectors within the EPI, which can make the CIDQ evaluation system more rational, and then evaluated it using a comprehensive evaluation method based on uncertain normal cloud (UNC) combination weight, which can reflect the ambiguity and uncertainty of the information obtained during the process of evaluating the company's CIDQ, and broaden the thought process for evaluating the CIDQ. Furthermore, the paper used factor analysis (FA) to evaluate FP, effectively resolving the issue of massive data while preserving the essential information of financial indicators. Finally, the paper concluded by analyzing the impact of the CIDQ on FP using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicated that the CIDQ by electric public companies has a positive impact on solvency and profitability, a negative impact on operating capacity, and a non-significant impact on development capacity. In response to these conclusions, this paper proposed corresponding suggestions at the government, society, and company levels.

Research on Voluntary Carbon Information Disclosure Mechanism of Enterprises from the Perspective of Stakeholders-A Case Study on the Automobile Manufacturing Industry

As the primary source of carbon emissions, enterprises must work hard to save energy, reduce emissions, and disclose timely carbon information to the public. As a key means of communicating carbon management performance to stakeholders, carbon information disclosure is directly tied to the future sustainability of enterprises. Based on panel data of 118 listed firms in the automotive manufacturing industry from 2017 to 2021, this study rates the sample companies' quality of carbon information disclosure. The impact of the government, creditors, media, employees, and suppliers on such disclosure is also examined from the stakeholders' standpoint. The findings reveal that: (1) Although there has been a gradual increase in the degree of disclosure, overall levels are still low, and the willingness to voluntarily disclose is insufficient. (2) When other variables are neglected, the government, creditors, media, and employees all assist enterprises in disclosing carbon information, but the influence of suppliers will inhibit such disclosure. In the context of a complex economic system, the level of carbon disclosure is positively correlated with the government, the media, and employees, while negatively correlated with creditors. The influence of suppliers is not significant. These findings may aid in formulating related policies from different dimensions, directing enterprises to publish carbon information actively and strengthening carbon management.