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Wang J, Li C, Awasthi MK, Nyambura SM, Zhu Z, Li H, Xu J, Feng X, Zhu X, Syed A, Wong LS, Luo W. Utilising standard samples instead of randomly collected food waste in composting: Implementation strategy and feasibility evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120182. [PMID: 38278112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Randomly collected food waste results in inaccurate experimental data with poor reproducibility for composting. This study investigated standard food waste samples as replacements for randomly collected food waste. A response surface methodology was utilised to analyse data from a 28-day compost process optimisation experiment using collected food waste, and the optimal combination of composting parameters was derived. Experiments using different standard food waste samples (high oil and salt, high oil and sugar, balanced diet, and vegetarian) were conducted for 28 days under optimal conditions. The ranking of differences between the standard samples and collected food waste was vegetarian > balanced diet > high oil and sugar > high oil and salt. Statistical analysis indicated t-tests for increased oil and salt samples and collected food waste were not significant, and Cohen's d effect values were minimal. High oil and salt samples can be used as replacements for collected food waste in composting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufei Wang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Samuel Mbugua Nyambura
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenming Zhu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jialiang Xu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebin Feng
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueru Zhu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Luo
- CITIC Envirotech Guangzhou Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
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