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Ghamarpoor R, Fallah A, Jamshidi M. A Review of Synthesis Methods, Modifications, and Mechanisms of ZnO/TiO 2-Based Photocatalysts for Photodegradation of Contaminants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25457-25492. [PMID: 38911730 PMCID: PMC11191136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The environment being surrounded by accumulated durable waste organic compounds has become a critical crisis for human societies. Generally, organic effluents of industrial plants released into the water source and air are removed by some physical and chemical processes. Utilizing photocatalysts as cost-effective, accessible, thermally/mechanically stable, nontoxic, reusable, and powerful UV-absorber compounds creates a new gateway toward the removal of dissolved, suspended, and gaseous pollutants even in trace amounts. TiO2 and ZnO are two prevalent photocatalysts in the field of removing contaminants from wastewater and air. Structural modification of the photocatalysts with metals, nonmetals, metal ions, and other semiconductors reduces the band gap energy and agglomeration and increases the affinity toward organic compounds in the composite structures to expand their usability on an industrial scale. This increases the extent of light absorbance and improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Selecting a suitable synthesis method is necessary to prepare a target photocatalyst with distinct properties such as high specific surface area, numerous surface functional groups, and an appropriate crystalline phase. In this Review, significant parameters for the synthesis and modification of TiO2- and ZnO-based photocatalysts are discussed in detail. Several proposed mechanistic routes according to photocatalytic composite structures are provided. Some electrochemical analyses using charge carrier trapping agents and delayed recombination help to plot mechanistic routes according to the direction of photoexcited species (electron-hole pairs) and design more effective photocatalytic processes in terms of cost-effective photocatalysts, saving time and increasing productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghamarpoor
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Garmsar, Garmsar 3588115589, Iran
- Constructional
Polymers and Composites Research Lab, School of Chemical, Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1311416846, Iran
| | - Akram Fallah
- Department
of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research
Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran 3313193685, Iran
| | - Masoud Jamshidi
- Constructional
Polymers and Composites Research Lab, School of Chemical, Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1311416846, Iran
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Alaizeri ZM, Alhadlaq HA, Aldawood S, Abduh NAY. Green synthesis of ZnO-TiO 2/RGO nanocomposites using Senna surattensis extract: a novel approach for enhanced anticancer efficacy and biocompatibility. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16685-16695. [PMID: 38784428 PMCID: PMC11110525 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to enhance the anticancer and biocompatibility performance of TiO2 NPs, ZnO NPs, ZnO-TiO2 (NCs), and ZnO-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) NCs against two types of human cancer (HCT116) and normal (HUVCE) cells. A novel procedure for synthesizing ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs has been developed using Senna surattensis extract. The improved physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were investigated using different techniques such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, FTIR, DLS and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD results showed that the addition of ZnO and RGO sheets affects the crystal structure and phase of TiO2 NPs. SEM and TEM images displayed that the TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs were small with uniform spherical morphology in the prepared ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs. Besides, it is shown that ZnO-TiO2 NCs anchored onto the surface of RGO sheets with a particle size of 14.80 ± 0.5 nm. XPS data confirmed the surface chemical composition and oxidation states of ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs. Functional groups of prepared NPs and NCs were determined using FTIR spectroscopy. DLS data confirmed that the addition of ZnO and RGO sheets improves the negative surface charge of the prepared pure TiO2 NPs (-22.51 mV), ZnO NPs (-18.27 mV), ZnO-TiO2 NCs (-30.20 mV), and ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs (-33.77 mV). Optical analysis exhibited that the bandgap energies of TiO2 NPs (3.30 eV), ZnO NPs (3.33 eV), ZnO-TiO2 NCs (3.03 eV), and ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs (2.78 eV) were further enhanced by adding ZnO NPs and RGO sheets. This indicates that the synthesized samples can be applied to cancer therapy and environmental remediation. The biological data demonstrated that the produced ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs show a more cytotoxic effect on HCT116 cells compared to pure TiO2 NPs and ZnO-TiO2 NCs. On the other hand, these NCs displayed the lowest level of toxicity towards normal HUVCE cells. These results indicate that the ZnO-TiO2/RGO NCs have strong toxicity against HCT116 cells and are compatible with normal cells. Our results show that the plant extract enhanced the physicochemical properties of NPs and NCs compared with the traditional chemical methods for synthesis. This study could open new avenues for developing more effective and targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZabnAllah M Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naaser A Y Abduh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Attia YA, Ezet AE, Saeed S, Galmed AH. Nano carbon-modified air purification filters for removal and detection of particulate matters from ambient air. Sci Rep 2024; 14:621. [PMID: 38182636 PMCID: PMC10770146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Particulate matters (PMs) pose significant risks to human health and the environment, necessitating research to enhance air purification filters and reduce harmful emissions. This study focuses on the preparation of carbon nanomaterials, including graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs), reduced graphene oxide (r-GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT), for modifying filters in air particle monitoring devices. The objective is to investigate the impact of these nanomaterials on enhancing PM adsorption efficiency. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the modified filters' adsorption efficiency towards PMs are performed using spectroscopic techniques such as Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The results reveal that CNT-modified filters exhibit superior adsorption efficiency compared to the control, g-C3N4, and r-GO-modified filters. The exceptional performance of CNTs is attributed to their large specific surface area and pore volume. Additionally, LIBS demonstrates its capability to detect heavy metals like Cd, which remain undetected by EDX and ICP. The technique proves sensitive for heavy metal monitoring. This novel approach is expected to garner significant attention and contribute to the development of improved air purification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Abd Elhakim Ezet
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Air Quality Lab, Cairo University Center for Hazard Mitigation, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Samar Saeed
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Galmed
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Faried M, Khalifa A, Samer M, Attia YA, Moselhy MA, El-Hussein A, Yousef RS, Abdelbary K, Abdelsalam EM. Biostimulation of green microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana using nanoparticles of MgO, Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2, and ZnO for increasing biodiesel production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19730. [PMID: 37957193 PMCID: PMC10643612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have the potential to become the primary source of biodiesel, catering to a wide range of essential applications such as transportation. This would allow for a significant reduction in dependence on conventional petroleum diesel. This study investigates the effect of biostimulation techniques utilizing nanoparticles of Magnesium oxide MgO, Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, and Zinc oxide ZnO to enhance the biodiesel production of Chlorella sorokiniana. By enhancing cell activity, these nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to improve oil production and subsequently increase biodiesel production. Experimentally, each nanomaterial was introduced at a concentration of 15 mg L-1. The results have shown that MgO nanoparticles yielded the highest biodiesel production, with a recorded yield of 61.5 mg L-1. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, on the other hand, facilitated lipid accumulation. ZnO nanoparticles showcased a multifaceted advantage by enhancing both growth and lipid content. Thus, it is suggested that these nanoparticles can be used effectively to increase the lipid content of microalgae. These findings highlight the potential of biostimulation strategies utilizing MgO, hydroxyapatite, and zinc oxide nanoparticles to bolster biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faried
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Khalifa
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Nanophotonic Research Lab (NRL), Physics Department, The American University in Cairo (AUC), New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser A Attia
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Moselhy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Rania S Yousef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelbary
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam M Abdelsalam
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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