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Alberdi Igartua X, Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Gredilla A, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Arana G, de Diego A, Madariaga JM. Geographical distribution of metals and metalloids along the estuary of the Oka River in the biosphere reserve of Urdaibai, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116010. [PMID: 38211539 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sediments sampled at the estuary of the Oka River in the biosphere reserve of Urdaibai, Spain were analyzed for trace elements. Sediments were collected at 45 points of the estuary and the concentration of 14 elements was measured. The geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo), Normalized Average Weighted Concentrations (NAWC) and mean Effect Range-Median quotients (mERMq) were calculated. The results obtained were complementary and allowed intra- and inter-estuary comparison. According to the present findings, the estuary was classified as healthy, since the anthropogenic contribution of metals and metalloids was generally small. However, shipping and fishing activities at the ports of Bermeo and Mundaka and urban and industrial wastes from Gernika were regarded as the major pollution sources. Nevertheless, only slightly contaminated and toxic sediments, especially related to Ni and Cu, were found in the towns of Gernika and Mundaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Alberdi Igartua
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Gredilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - S Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - G Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J M Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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