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Igwegbe CA, Onyechi CC, Białowiec A, Onukwuli OD. Enhancing municipal solid waste leachate treatment efficiency: AI-based prediction of electrocoagulation/flocculation recovery using iron electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38659204 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2328659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses a gap in municipal leachate (MUPL) treatment by introducing a pioneering application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the electrocoagulation/electroflocculation (EC/EF) process utilizing iron electrodes. The overarching aim is to demonstrate the efficacy of AI, particularly a multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-based feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) incorporating the Levenberg-Marquardt (LMb) algorithm, in predicting and optimizing EC/EF outcomes for turbidity (TDY) removal. The research methodology involved experimentation and robust ANN data modeling. The significance of this work emerges from the successful integration of AI, showcasing its potential in advancing wastewater, demonstrated through a strong positive correlation (0.994) between the ANN model predictions and experimental outcomes. The study achieves a remarkable 99.4% TDY removal at an electrolysis time of 10 min and contributes valuable insights into the critical parameters influencing the EC/EF process. Results from the ANN modeling exhibit high predictive accuracy, supported by elevated R-squared values and minimal mean square error. Statistical analyses underscore the significance of key process parameters, highlighting the influential roles of current intensity and settling time. The study emphasized the favourable impact of maintaining an acidic pH range, as it reduced electrostatic repulsion between particles, facilitating pollutant agglomeration, and identified electrolysis time as a key factor in enhancing treatment efficiency, supported by a strong positive correlation between electrolysis time and TDY reduction. Energy cost savings were realized by not requiring temperature elevation. Achieving a 99.4% TDY removal translates to substantial reductions in other pollutants present in the MUPL, thereby elevating water quality and ensuring compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Chinonso Chukwudi Onyechi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ighalo JO, Chen Z, Ohoro CR, Oniye M, Igwegbe CA, Elimhingbovo I, Khongthaw B, Dulta K, Yap PS, Anastopoulos I. A review of remediation technologies for uranium-contaminated water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141322. [PMID: 38296212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Uranium is a naturally existing radioactive element present in the Earth's crust. It exhibits lithophilic characteristics, indicating its tendency to be located near the surface of the Earth and tightly bound to oxygen. It is ecotoxic, hence the need for its removal from the aqueous environment. This paper focuses on the variety of water treatment processes for the removal of uranium from water and this includes physical (membrane separation, adsorption and electrocoagulation), chemical (ion exchange, photocatalysis and persulfate reduction), and biological (bio-reduction and biosorption) approaches. It was observed that membrane filtration and ion exchange are the most popular and promising processes for this application. Membrane processes have high throughput but with the challenge of high power requirements and fouling. Besides high pH sensitivity, ion exchange does not have any major challenges related to its application. Several other unique observations were derived from this review. Chitosan/Chlorella pyrenoidosa composite adsorbent bearing phosphate ligand, hydroxyapatite aerogel and MXene/graphene oxide composite has shown super-adsorbent performance (>1000 mg/g uptake capacity) for uranium. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and electrocoagulation have been observed not to go below 97% uranium removal/conversion efficiency for most cases reported in the literature. Heat persulfate reduction has been explored quite recently and shown to achieve as high as 86% uranium reduction efficiency. We anticipate that future studies would explore hybrid processes (which are any combinations of multiple conventional techniques) to solve various aspects of the process design and performance challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mutiat Oniye
- Department of Chemical and Material Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Isaiah Elimhingbovo
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Banlambhabok Khongthaw
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kanika Dulta
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostaki Campus, Arta 47100, Greece
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Obi CC, Nwabanne JT, Igwegbe CA, Abonyi MN, Umembamalu CJ, Kamuche TT. Intelligent algorithms-aided modeling and optimization of the deturbidization of abattoir wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120161. [PMID: 38290261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The removal of turbidity from abattoir wastewater (AWW) by electrocoagulation (EC) was modeled and optimized using Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. Artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GA) were the AI tools employed. Five input variables were considered: pH, current intensity, electrolysis time, settling time, and temperature. The ANN model was evaluated using the Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) algorithm, while the ANFIS modeling was accomplished using the Sugeno-type FIS. The ANN and ANFIS models demonstrated linear adequacy with the experimental data, with an R2 value of 0.9993 in both cases. The corresponding statistical error indices were RMSE (ANN = 5.65685E-05; ANFIS = 2.82843E-05), SSE (ANN = 1.60E-07; ANFIS = 3.4E-08), and MSE (ANN = 3.2E-09; ANFIS = 8E-10). The error indices revealed that the ANFIS model had the least performance error and is considered the most reliable of the two. The process optimization performed with GA and PSO considered turbidity removal efficiency, energy requirement, and electrode material loss. An optimal turbidity removal efficiency of 99.39 % was predicted at pH (3.1), current intensity (2 A), electrolysis time (20 min), settling time (50 min), and operating temperature (50 °C). This represents a potential for the delivery of cleaner water without the use of chemicals. The estimated power consumption and the theoretical mass of the aluminium electrode dissolved at the optimum condition were 293.33 kW h/m3 and 0.2237 g, respectively. The work successfully affirmed the effectiveness of the EC process in the removal of finely divided suspended particles from AWW and demonstrated the suitability of the AI algorithms in the modeling and optimization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Tagbo Nwabanne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria; Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Matthew Ndubuisi Abonyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | | | - Toochukwu ThankGod Kamuche
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Igwegbe CA, Kozłowski M, Wąsowicz J, Pęczek E, Białowiec A. Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived from Wheat Straw. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:928. [PMID: 38399179 PMCID: PMC10890371 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Landfill leachate (LLCH) disposal poses challenges due to high pollutant concentrations. This study investigates the use of biochar (BC) derived from wheat straw for nitrogen content reduction. Laboratory experiments evaluated BC's adsorption capacity (qm) for nitrogen removal from ammonium chloride solution (NH4Cl) and LLCH, along with testing isotherm models. The results demonstrated that BC was more efficient (95.08%) than commercial activated carbon AC (93.11%), the blank, in adsorbing nitrogen from NH4Cl. This superior performance of BC may be attributed to its higher carbon content (57.74%) observed through elemental analysis. Lower results for BC/LLCH may be due to LLCH's complex chemical matrix. The Langmuir isotherm model best described BC/NH4Cl adsorption (qm = 0.5738 mg/g). The AC/NH4Cl data also fitted into the Langmuir (R2 ˃ 0.9) with a qm of 0.9469 mg/g, and 26.667 mg/g (R2 ˂ 0.9) was obtained for BC/LLCH; the BC/LLCH also gave higher qm (R2 ˃ 0.9) using the Jovanovich model (which also follows Langmuir's assumptions). The mean energy of the adsorption values estimated for the AC/NH4Cl, BC/NH4Cl, and BC/LLCH processes were 353.55, 353.55, and 223.61 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting that they are all chemisorption processes and ion exchange influenced their adsorption processes. The Freundlich constant (1/n) value suggests average adsorption for BC/LLCH. The BC/LLCH data followed the Harkins-Jura model (R2: 0.9992), suggesting multilayered adsorption (or mesopore filling). In conclusion, biochar derived from wheat straw shows promising potential for landfill leachate remediation, offering efficient nitrogen removal capabilities and demonstrating compatibility with various adsorption models. This research also lays the groundwork for further exploration of other biochar-based materials in addressing environmental challenges associated with landfill leachate contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420218, Nigeria
| | - Michał Kozłowski
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Jagoda Wąsowicz
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Edyta Pęczek
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
- Selena Industrial Technologies sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 3 Str., 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37A Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (C.A.I.); (J.W.); (E.P.); (A.B.)
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Luo M, Zhang X, Long T, Chen S, Zhan M, Zhu X, Yu R. Modeling and optimization study on degradation of organic contaminants using nZVI activated persulfate based on response surface methodology and artificial neural network: a case study of benzene as the model pollutant. Front Chem 2023; 11:1270730. [PMID: 37927557 PMCID: PMC10620510 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1270730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complicated transport and reactive behavior of organic contamination in groundwater, the development of mathematical models to aid field remediation planning and implementation attracts increasing attentions. In this study, the approach coupling response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and kinetic models was implemented to model the degradation effects of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) activated persulfate (PS) systems on benzene, a common organic pollutant in groundwater. The proposed model was applied to optimize the process parameters in order to help predict the effects of multiple factors on benzene degradation rate. Meanwhile, the chemical oxidation kinetics was developed based on batch experiments under the optimized reaction conditions to predict the temporal degradation of benzene. The results indicated that benzene (0.25 mmol) would be theoretically completely oxidized in 1.45 mM PS with the PS/nZVI molar ratio of 4:1 at pH 3.9°C and 21.9 C. The RSM model predicted well the effects of the four factors on benzene degradation rate (R2 = 0.948), and the ANN with a hidden layer structure of [8-8] performed better compared to the RSM (R2 = 0.980). In addition, the involved benzene degradation systems fit well with the Type-2 and Type-3 pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic models with R2 > 0.999. It suggested that the proposed statistical and kinetic-based modeling approach is promising support for predicting the chemical oxidation performance of organic contaminants in groundwater under the influence of multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Geo-engineering Investigation Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Manjun Zhan
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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